Go to Mars and listen to reading notes every day-17

Author?

Robert Zublin is a famous American aerospace engineer and a senior engineer of Lockheed Martin. He founded the Mars Society and was the initiator of the direct attack plan on Mars.

About this book

This book, first published in 1955, is a popular science book with the theme of Mars direct attack plan, which was once a confidential manned landing plan on the desk of the director of NASA. With rich technical details, this paper tells how to go to Mars with limited budget and existing technology at that time.

Key words?

Sailing at the same point? Atmospheric capture? 60 million kilometers? Triangle trade? Crops real estate

Key concepts

With the arrival of the era of Mars migration, the relationship between human beings and the earth will be rewritten and interstellar trade will become a reality.

abstract

2065438+In February 2008, Rocket Company, the space exploration technology company of Elon Musk, launched a heavy Falcon rocket and sent a Tesla sports car into space. Its destination is Mars. After human footprints spread all over the earth, human beings turned their eyes to the vast starry sky. This spirit of exploration inspired the young man to devote himself to the fields of science and engineering related to the exploration of the universe, and the rich mineral resources on Mars also attracted the attention of large enterprises. This is like Columbus's discovery of America, which attracted him not only his personal adventurous spirit, but also countless wealth on the other side of the ocean.

The author thinks that landing on Mars is not only a milestone, but also a continuation of American exploration spirit. Mars immigrants can bring a lot of jobs like the westward movement in the United States, and at the same time promote the progress of related technologies and the great development of education. For all mankind, landing on Mars will completely subvert the existing business model, and human sauce will move from a global trade model to a planetary trade model. In addition to commercial changes, Martian immigrants will also bring great changes to human culture. With the continuous development of space technology, Mars is no longer just the terminal of human interstellar travel, but has become a springboard for interstellar travel. If you explore with your dreams, you will regard Mars as your new home to pursue your dreams and the starting point of Ad Astra.

The shortest distance from the Earth to Mars is 60 million kilometers, which is 150 times that from the Earth to distance to the moon. For a round trip, the design weight of the Mars spacecraft should not be less than 140 tons, of which 80 tons of fuel is used to fly back to Earth. If we want to increase the return fuel, then we must increase the emission fuel, which is the * fuel paradox *. In order to solve this problem, NASA put forward an imaginative plan in 1989, intending to build a large space station in low earth orbit, and then assemble a spacecraft on the space station to go to Mars, thus saving the fuel needed for launching from the earth into space. This plan looks very thoughtful, but it also has a fatal problem, that is, its budget is conservatively estimated at $450 billion. At that time, no country could get so much money.

Here, the author puts forward two new ideas to solve this fuel paradox: one is to use the resources of Mars to produce fuel and logistics supplies for the return trip locally on Mars; Second, the flight modes of * combined point navigation * and * atmospheric capture * are adopted to save fuel. 95% of the air on Mars is carbon dioxide. Adding a small amount of hydrogen can produce the fuel needed by the rocket. Through experiments, the author found that 6 tons of hydrogen is enough to generate 80 tons of fuel needed to travel to and from the earth, which makes the trip to Mars much easier. When the earth, the sun and Mars are on the same straight line, and the sun is in the middle, the distance between the earth and Mars is the farthest, and this position is called the conjunction position. Launching the spacecraft from this position can get extra speed, which is also the most fuel-efficient method. Atmospheric capture means that the spacecraft uses the Martian atmosphere to decelerate without using additional fuel, which can further save fuel and reduce weight.

It takes 180 days to rendezvous with Mars, and astronauts need to stay on Mars for 500 days, but even this new plan is only one twentieth of the traditional plan. When astronauts land on Mars, they can use solar energy to generate electricity. 40% of the soil on Mars is made of silicon dioxide. With these materials, astronauts can build domes on Mars to grow crops. Because of the high concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of Mars, crops can be more productive than on the earth, so Mars may become an important food base for human beings in the future.

Twenty years have passed since the first edition of this book, and science and technology are changing with each passing day. Many technologies that were only conceived at that time have become a reality today. With the rocket launch of space exploration technology company again and again, the dream of Mars in the whole human society has been ignited again.

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