Historical evolution of shenzhen and its geography.

Historical evolution of Shenzhen: 1. The origin of place names

The place name "Shenzhen" first appeared in historical records in 14 10 (the eighth year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty), which was built in the early years of Qing Dynasty.

The local dialect usually calls the ridge ditch "town" or "surge".

Shenzhen is named for its dense Shui Ze and deep ditch beside the village.

Shenzhen is also called Pengcheng.

What is Pengcheng? In Nan 'ao Town, more than 50 kilometers east of Shenzhen, there is a place called Pengcheng. Its gate is like Deshengmen in Beijing, but it is much smaller.

The city wall has been eroded by wind and rain, and it is a dilapidated scene; Although this tower is not as magnificent as Shanhaiguan, it is still full of ancient flavor.

When I entered the city gate, I saw the road paved with bluestone slabs. The bungalows on both sides are brick and wood structures, and the rafters exposed from the eaves are corrupt and look quite old.

Local residents call this place the Queen Mother, also known as Dapeng, and this city is called Pengcheng.

"Pengcheng" got its name.

Once upon a time, someone put the name Pengcheng on Shenzhen.

Especially since the establishment of the Special Economic Zone, Shenzhen has undergone historic changes, and its comprehensive economic strength ranks among the top cities in China. This is a city full of vitality, bright development prospects and unlimited potential.

The territory of Shenzhen is like Dapeng flying high, fighting the wind and waves, roaming the sky and going forward bravely.

Therefore, Pengcheng is truly famous.

2. Baiyue tribe

Archaeological results (prehistoric-2 14 BC) show that as early as the middle Neolithic age more than 6700 years ago, indigenous ancestors flourished on the land of Shenzhen.

The urban history of Shenzhen has been 1673 years.

During the Xia and Shang Dynasties, Shenzhen was a foothold of Baiyue tribe's voyage to the West.

The people living in the dune valley along the coast of Shenzhen are the Nanyue tribe, a branch of Baiyue tribe.

They make a living by fishing and sailing, and seldom cultivate the land.

3. A county was established in Qin Huang.

(2 14 BC-33 1) After Qin Shihuang unified China, Nanhai, Guilin and Xiang Jun counties were set up in Lingnan in 214 BC, and moved to develop 500,000 people.

Shenzhen, which belonged to Nanhai County at that time, was integrated into the Central Plains culture.

4. Set up a county in the Eastern Jin Dynasty

(AD 33 1- 1573) The earliest predecessor of Shenzhen was Baoan County.

As a county organization, security began in 33 1 year (six years in Xianhe, Eastern Jin Dynasty).

Dongguan County, located in six counties under the jurisdiction of the imperial court, probably covers today's Shenzhen, Dongguan and Hong Kong.

The county is in Baoan County (Nantou).

In 590 AD (the tenth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty), Dongguan County was abolished, and Baoan County was changed to Nanhai County, which is now in the south of Shenzhen.

In 757 AD (the second year of Tang Zhide), Bao 'an County was renamed Dongguan County, and the county magistrate moved to Dongguan to set up Tunjun Town in Nantou.

During the Song Dynasty, Shenzhen was the trade hub of the southern sea route in 394 (the twenty-seventh year of Ming Hongwu). Today, Dongguan Defending Thousand Houses and Dapeng Defending Thousand Houses were established in Shenzhen.

In A.D. 1565, Nantou Water Village (one of the six largest water villages in Guangdong) was established in Nanshan Peninsula. It is a huge military organization, a "guardian outside Humen, a barrier to the provincial capital", and its jurisdiction and containment range extends to Chaoshan in the east, Shangxiachuan in the west and the ocean in the south.

In the early Ming Dynasty, China's fleet went to Nanyang, and before sailing, they all went to the Tianhou Palace in Chiwan, Shenzhen to offer sacrifices and pray.

Nantou, an ancient city with a history of more than 600 years, was an important political and economic center in southern Guangdong and a political center in Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Macao before the end of Qing Dynasty.

5. Xin 'an Ancient City

(AD1573-1841) The predecessor of Shenzhen was once named Xin 'an County.

In A.D. 1573 (the first year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty), the imperial court expanded the base area for defending thousands of households in Dongguan, established Xin 'an County, and established a county to govern Nantou, including today's Shenzhen and Hong Kong.

The economy is dominated by salt, tea, spices and rice.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, * * * carried out a 50-mile "border shift" in coastal provinces.

Two-thirds of the land in Xin 'an County was once included in Dongguan County.

Xin 'an County was restored in 1669 (the eighth year of Qing Emperor Kangxi) and 1684 (the twenty-third year of Qing Emperor Kangxi).

6. County boundary division

(A.D. 1842- 1898) A.D. 1842 (twenty-four years of Qing Daoguang) On July 24th, China and Britain signed the unequal treaty treaty of nanking, and Hong Kong Island was occupied by Britain.

1860 (the tenth year of Xianfeng in Qing dynasty) 65438+ 10, Kowloon Peninsula was forced to be ceded to Britain due to the Beijing Treaty.

A.D. 1 April 2, 20081898 (the 24th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty), Qing * * * signed the Special Article on Expanding the Border of Hong Kong with Britain, and leased the New Territories to Britain for 99 years.

So far, of the 3,076 square kilometers of land originally belonging to Xin 'an County,1055,438+0 square kilometers are not within its jurisdiction, and Shenzhen and Hong Kong have been divided and ruled since then.

7. Rename Baoan

(A.D. 19 13- 1979) In A.D. 19 13 (in the third year of the Republic of China), Xin 'an County in Guangdong Province was renamed Bao 'an County, and the county administration was still in Nantou.

8. County government migration

(A.D. 1938- 1953) During the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, Nantou fell and Baoan County was temporarily moved to Dongguan County.

1953, because Shenzhen is connected with the Guangzhou-Kowloon Railway, with a large population and prosperous industry and commerce, Zhidong in Baoan County moved to the Shenzhen market, which is 0/0 km away from Nantou/kloc.

9. Shenzhen urban construction

(A.D. 1979) 1979 In March, the Central Committee and Guangdong Province decided to change Baoan County into Shenzhen City, under the dual leadership of Guangdong Province and Huiyang District; 165438+ 10 In October, * * Guangdong Provincial Committee decided to change Shenzhen into a provincial capital city.

1980 in may, the central authorities and the State Council officially designated Shenzhen as the first "special economic zone" in China; In August this year, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) approved the establishment of a special economic zone in Shenzhen.

1981March, Shenzhen was upgraded to a sub-provincial city.

1988165438+10. In October, the State Council approved Shenzhen as a city under separate state planning, and granted it the economic management authority equivalent to the provincial level.

1In February, 1992, the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) granted the Shenzhen Municipal People's Congress, its Standing Committee and the municipal government the power to formulate local regulations.

At the beginning of the establishment of the city, it governed six districts, namely Shenzhen, Nantou, Songgang, Longhua, Kwai Chung and Longgang.

1June, 979, Luohu District was established.

1July, 980, Luohu District was included in Sha Tau Kok District.

198 1 year1October, the organizational system of Baoan county was restored, covering 1577 square kilometers outside the special zone.

From1September 1983 to1August 1984, the special zone established five administrative regions: Luohu, Shangbu, Nantou, Shatoujiao and Shekou.

1990 5438+0 in June, the administrative region in the special zone was abolished and three districts, Futian, Luohu and Nanshan, were established.

1993 1 month, Baoan county was abolished and Baoan district and Longgang district were established.

1June 1997 Yantian District was separated from Luohu District.

In 2004, it became a rural city.

Postal code: 5 18000, area code: 0755.

Geographical climate of Shenzhen: Shenzhen is located in the south-central coastal area of Guangdong Province, northeast of the Pearl River Estuary.

The east-west length is 8 1.4 km, and the north-south width is 10.8 km (the shortest point). Dapeng Bay in the east, the Pearl River Estuary in the west, Hong Kong in the south, Kowloon Peninsula in the south, a river in the New Territories of Hong Kong. It is called "the back garden of Hong Kong".

The total area of this city is 2020 square kilometers.

With a population of more than 5 million, most of them come from other places, so Shenzhen is called "immigrant city".

A special zone management line with a total length of 129.7 km has been built between Shenzhen Special Zone and non-Special Zone, and border checkpoints have been set up at seven highway intersections entering and leaving the Special Zone.

Shenzhen Special Economic Zone was established in 1980. It starts from Beizaijiao in Dapeng Bay in the east, reaches Xingfu Village in the Pearl River Estuary in the west, connects Hong Kong New Territories in the south, and connects Wutongshan and Yang Tai Mountains in the north, with a total area of 327.5 square kilometers, including Luohu District, Futian District and Nanshan District. It is the largest special economic zone in China except Hainan Province.

Shenzhen has a subtropical maritime climate, with an annual average temperature of 22.3C, a maximum temperature of 38.7C and a minimum temperature of 0.2C.

The annual average rainfall is1924.7mm. ..

The dominant wind direction throughout the year is southeast wind, with an average annual sunshine of 2060 hours and annual solar radiation of 5225 MJ/m2.

It is affected by tropical cyclones (typhoons) 4-5 times a year on average.