Yuxian immigrants

Emperor Wu's resistance to Xiongnu was a very influential event in the Western Han Dynasty.

Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was an outstanding politician in the history of China. He successfully resisted the invasion of Xiongnu slave owners and nobles and further consolidated the emerging feudal regime in the early Han Dynasty.

Xiongnu is an ancient nomadic people in northern China. In the early Han Dynasty, a slave country was established and the country became strong. The East defeated the East Lake, and the West drove away the Dayue family who lived in present-day Gansu. The North surrendered to the Dingling people, while the South often invaded the border of the Han Dynasty, sometimes reaching only 350 kilometers away from the capital of the Han Dynasty, which seriously threatened the feudal regime of the Han Dynasty.

In 200 BC, Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang personally led 320,000 troops to fight against Xiongnu, but was besieged by 400,000 troops of Xiongnu in Deng Bai (now southeast of Datong City, Shanxi Province) for 7 days and 7 nights. Since then, in order to fully deal with the internal feudal separatist forces, Liu Bang temporarily adopted a policy of "pro-marriage" to the Xiongnu. Marry the imperial clan women to Xiongnu leaders and send a certain amount of gold, silk, floc, rice and wine every year for people to buy and sell. After several generations of emperors, although they once paid attention to reforming the border defense system and reclaiming wasteland, they failed to completely solve this problem.

In BC 14 1 year, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty 16 years old ascended the throne. At this time, the Han dynasty has been established for more than 60 years, the feudal regime has been consolidated, and the economy has also gained strength. Therefore, he has the conditions to confront the Huns and fundamentally remove the threat from the mainland.

In BC 133, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty called his ministers to discuss the policy towards Xiongnu. Wang Hui (official name, responsible for external liaison) said: "I heard that Daiguo in the Warring States period was a small country and could still fight Xiongnu. Now your majesty is mighty and the country is unified, but the Huns are invading and stealing because they are not afraid of us. I think we should fight the Huns. " Han Anguo, an ancient counselor, repeatedly opposed it. He said: "Gaudi was besieged when he hit the Xiongnu. He didn't eat for seven days, so he had to kiss. So far, he has been safe for five generations.

It's best not to call. "Wang Huiyan refuted Han Anguo's argument and suggested that we take the method of luring the enemy in depth to" ambush ". Emperor Wu of Han supported Wang Hui in the war of resistance. The Hungarian-Chinese war began here.

From 133 BC to 1 19 BC, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent troops to fight against the Huns many times. There are three decisive battles: Henan Campaign, Hexi Campaign and Mobei Campaign.

In BC 127, Xiongnu nobles invaded Shanggu (now Huailai County, Hebei Province) and Yuyang with 20,000 cavalry. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent general Wei Qing to ride out of the cloud at a rate of 30,000 (now Tuoketuo County, Inner Mongolia) and west to Longxi (now eastern Gansu Province) to recover the Hetao area and sweep away the military strongholds invaded by Xiongnu. Wei Qing took a circuitous attack and outflanked from the rear, driving away the Loufan King and the Aries King of Xiongnu in one fell swoop, thus removing the threat of Chang 'an.

Therefore, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up Shuofang County and Wuyuan County there, resettled 65,438+10,000 people, rebuilt the Old Great Wall of Qin Dynasty, and sent troops to station. Wei Qing was promoted to Changping Hou. In 124 BC, Wei Qing led the cavalry to drive away the Xiongnu right Wang Xian, captured the Xiongnu princes 10 and returned home in triumph. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty promoted Wei Qing as a general and became the commander-in-chief of the whole army.

In the second year, in the battle with the Huns, a general Huo Qubing, aged 18, emerged. He is Wei Qing's nephew. Once, he took the lead and led 800 cavalry into the Xiongnu camp for hundreds of miles, winning a great victory. On this basis, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made him the top scholar and built him a rich house for him to see. Huo Qubing said: "The Huns are not extinct, and there is no home!" Show strong patriotic enthusiasm.

The Hexi Campaign began in March 12 1 BC. Huo Qubing led 65438+100000 cavalry, set out from Longxi, fought tarquin at the foot of Gaolan Mountain, pursued more than 500 kilometers and crossed Yanqi Mountain (now Shandan County, Gansu Province). In summer, Huo Qubing led tens of thousands of cavalry, marched 1000 kilometers, and reached the foot of Qilian Mountain, which dealt a heavy blow to Xiongnu nobles. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty successively set up four counties in Hexi region, namely Wuwei, Jiuquan, Zhangye and Dunhuang, and 65,438+10,000 immigrants settled in agricultural reclamation. The recovery of Hexi Corridor relieved the threat of the Han Dynasty to the western regions and opened up the road of communication between the Han Dynasty and the western regions.

The Mobei campaign was the largest in BC 1 19. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Wei Qing and Huo Qubing to lead 65,438+10,000 cavalry and hundreds of thousands of infantry, respectively, from Dingxiang County (now southeast of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia) and Dai Jun County (now Yuxian, Hebei Province) to * * * crusade against Xiongnu Khan (Xiongnu leader) in Mobei. Wei Qing crossed the desert (Gobi desert) for more than 1000 miles to the north and reached Kanyan Mountain (now Hang 'ai Mountain), killing 19000 people. Huo Qubing went deep into 1000 km, pursued Xiongnu Zuobing to Xushan (now Mount Kent) of the Wolf, and captured more than 74,000 enemies. In this campaign, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty also organized 6.5438+0.4 million war horses to accompany him, and sent 6.5438+0 million troops to transport grain and grass, which ensured the main material supply.

The Battle of Mobei dealt a fatal blow to the Huns, and there was a situation that the Huns were far away and there was no Wang Ting in Mobei. From then on, the Huns moved north to Mobei. From Shuofang in the north of Han Dynasty to Lingju in the west (now Yongdeng in Gansu Province), 600,000 officers and men were stationed in the fields to strengthen their defense.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty won the war against Xiongnu, which made the country more unified. The "indulgence of cattle and horses, accumulation of livestock and wild spread" inside and outside the Great Wall have created extremely favorable conditions for economic and cultural development.