song qingling's former residence

In the early 1990s, Professor Zhou Gu, a famous American historian and director of China Institute of Modern History, visited the mainland for the first time after more than half a century. During his stay in Shanghai, he met with his classmates and younger brothers who studied at National Chengchi University in his early years, and showed that during his tenure at the Embassy of the Republic of China in the United States in the late 1950s, he was involved in cleaning up the property in the museum, and found a group of overseas passports used by China students studying in the United States in the late Qing Dynasty in a package of files to be scrapped. One of them, 1907 (thirty-three years of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty), whose Chinese name was "Soong Ching Ling", signed Soong Ching Ling's study passport in English. These passports are all affixed with the photo of the holder, but the photo on Song Qinglin's passport has been removed. Zhou Yin didn't know who this "Song Qinglin" was, so he took out all his passports and kept them for future study. It was not until the 1960s that Zhou studied Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary history and the historical materials of the Soviet Union and the Third International that he realized that this "Soong Ching Ling", who later became Mrs. Sun Yat-sen, was the original name of Soong Ching Ling as a teenager.

This study abroad passport of Soong Ching Ling in her early years clearly records all the historical materials of her life, study and study abroad in her adolescence. According to the regulations of the government at that time, China people had to go abroad at "Tianjin Customs Road (Tianjin Customs)", "Jiangnan Customs Road (now Jianghai Customs)" and "Guangzhou Customs Road (Guangdong Customs)" according to their respective locations. The passport issued at that time had a large page (equivalent to today's 16 journal), and the inside page of the passport to the United States had a preface. The original text is as follows:

The Qing Dynasty instructed Daorui, a customs official in the south of the Yangtze River, to supervise the issuance of passports: Soong Ching Ling, a native of China, was indeed from China, not the working class. It was first stipulated in the sixth section of the Regulations on Restricting Chinese Workers, which was revised by the U.S. House of Representatives on July 5, 1984 and May 6, 1982. Please take a passport to America. People who get permission in this way are really not in the forbidden contract. To this end, a Chinese and English passport was printed, and the American Consul General in Shanghai was asked to check it clearly and stamp it to confirm that he was allowed to live in the United States. The name, age, figure and place of origin of all license holders are printed on the back, so please ask the US Customs to check and release them. If you need a passport, so do you. (The original text is punctuated, and the author added. At that time, the U.S. government was setting off an anti-China wave, banning Chinese workers from entering the country, and the U.S. Congress passed the anti-China bill "Regulations on Restricting Chinese Workers", so this "preface" was printed on the passport that went abroad to the United States at that time. )

According to Professor Zhou, the scientific name of Soong Ching Ling was Soong Ching Ling Lin when she was a teenager. She used this name during her study in the United States until she accompanied Sun Yat-sen to engage in anti-Qing revolutionary activities in Japan. Later, Zhou donated this extremely precious cultural relic to "Shanghai Sun Yat-sen's former residence, Soong Ching Ling's former residence and cemetery management committee" (now collected by Soong Ching Ling's former residence).

By the mid-1990s, according to the contents recorded in my passport, I found that it was significantly different from the narrative of various biographies of Soong Ching Ling published in China, and I wrote a long textual research. Now, I want to make a simple supplement to the theory of three names changing.

First, Soong Ching Ling was originally named Soong Ching Lin, and the official documents at that time were recorded in addition to the passport. In the thirty-third year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1907), Duan, then governor of Liangjiang, reported to the Qing government that these overseas students had been assigned to the United States that year. At the memorial hall, "... one of them, Soong Ching Ling, was sent to another suitable school" (see Duan's release), because Song was underage and the only woman when she was studying abroad. Later, after a year of language tutoring, Song entered Weiss Women's College of Arts and Sciences. Today, a textbook with the names of "Soong Ching Ling" and "Song Meilin" on the title page is displayed in the Cultural Relics Museum of the former residence of the Song Dynasty in Shanghai, which is obviously used by the two sisters. At the beginning of the 20th century, when Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching Ling were engaged in revolutionary activities in Japan, the Tokyo police were monitoring the activities of the main figures of the Kuomintang. In the official document "A Secret Record of Sun Yat-sen's Activities in Japan and Sun Wen Movement" submitted to the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Soong Ching Ling was recorded.

2. 1962 The Chinese History Museum collected the 19 15 Pledge of Soong Ching Ling and Sun Yat-sen's marriage in Japan (signed and sealed by the Japanese lawyer who married him, but Song's signature was "Soong Ching Ling" but not stamped) and sent it to Song himself for identification. Song wrote "This is an original" at the end of the original volume. "The secretary returned the original according to Song's instructions, and replied ... Vice Chairman Song (then Vice Chairman the National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)) used the word Lin in the wedding vows because it was easy to write. I went to Japan from America at that time, so I didn't have a stamp cover. The marriage between Sun and Song was strongly opposed by the Song family in advance, and Song was forced to run away from home and go to Japan. At the time of marriage, in order to prevent unexpected changes in the future, the two sides made an oath, and Song signed "Song Qinglin" on the wedding oath. This name is short-lived. In addition, there seems to be no other public or private written records.

The early "forest" rankings of the Song sisters were Ailin, Qinglin and Merrill Lynch. Because Song's father immigrated to the United States when he was young, he graduated from a seminary after being trained by the church, and was sent to China by the church to preach. His life and study in America as a teenager should be in the 1960s of 19. At that time, American President Lincoln led the victory of liberating slaves in the civil war, and Song's father greatly admired it, so his three daughters all commemorated it with the ranking of "Lin" (Song's father died, and there was a portrait of Lincoln and a book for the people in his pocket. As an adult, Fu Song decided that Lin was not in line with the traditional naming habits of women in China, so she changed Lin to Lin. The three sisters were renamed Irene, Lin Qing and Mei Lin respectively. When Soong Ching Ling married Sun Yat-sen, she signed "Soong Ching Ling" on the pledge, and this time it was renamed as 1965438.

Third, according to the ranking of "age", the Song sisters changed their names for the third time at the suggestion of their close friend Shen Yugui (Shen Yuan was the editor-in-chief of the popular journal World Bulletin sponsored by the Christian church in the late Qing Dynasty, mainly introducing the new knowledge of modern western science and civilization under the pen name of Master), and the time was around 1926. Since then, the three sisters have been completely named "Aileen and Qingling".

After Soong Ching Ling got married, she took the Japanese name "Zhongshan Qiongying". This is because Sun Yixian used two Japanese names "Zhongshan Qiao" and "Zhongshan Qiongying" when she was carrying out revolutionary activities in Japan in the late Qing Dynasty, that is, the wife of Zhongshan Qiao. Soong Ching Ling used this name to correspond with Japanese friends such as Mrs. Zhuang Ji's Maywood. Today, a stamp engraved with the word "Qiong Ying" is still preserved in the Shanghai Museum of Cultural Relics of Song's Former Residence. In all China's biographical literature works about Soong Ching Ling, the changes and applications of these names are not recorded.

Actually, Fu Song's name was also changed by Shen Yugui. Song's father, surnamed Han, is a famous teacher. Because of his poor family, he immigrated to the United States from Wenchang, Hainan in his childhood and changed his surname to uncle. After graduating from the theological seminary, the post-church training was sent to preach and run industries, with abundant capital, and supported Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary cause from time to time economically. Because of his friendship with Shen Yugui, a fellow sect, he often followed suit (at that time, The Bulletin of the World was printed in the printing house opened by Song Fu), and Shen suggested changing its name to Yao Rujia's book.