Jieyang Ancient County is one of the oldest counties in Guangdong Province, with a long history of more than 2,000 years. The Rongjiang River Basin in its territory was once the regional center of ancient eastern Guangdong and southern Fujian, and also the birthplace of Chaoshan culture. Professor Zong Yirao said: "The oldest thing that can be collected from the tides is due to the defense of the Qin Dynasty." . It was first seen in the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (2 14 BC). After Pai and Zhao Tuo Nanping, Nanhai, Guilin and Xiang counties were set up, and Jieyang garrison was set up in Chaoshan area of Nanhai county, Meizhou city and parts of southern Fujian. This is the bud of Chaoshan organizational system. After Qin Pingnan went to Vietnam, it was proved to be effective to establish counties and counties, and to strengthen his effective rule by taking measures such as guarding the troops and securing the border and resettling the border people. Qin was stationed in the army, which is credible, but it was soon replaced by Jieyang County in South Vietnam. The earliest Lingjie County should be Ling Jie Township, which closed its throat in Lantian, Ling Jie. According to Tang Weichangming's "Jing Yue Ji", "Qin moved Zhongxian people to three southern counties, making them live together with Baiyue", we know that Jieyang garrison was established in Qin Dynasty, and Wanqin people moved to live together with Yue people. At the same time, it is also easy to infer that the surrounding Jieyang garrison established by the Qin Dynasty will certainly not be completely free of local aborigines. The garrison in Jieyang may even be in a place where the Yue people are concentrated, so that the garrison set up by the Qin government can play the role of "reconciling Han and Yue". It is worth noting that in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, in order to defend Vietnam, Wei Tuo continued to implement the policy of appeasement and unity of "gathering hundreds of Vietnamese", calling himself the "barbarian emperor", and when he proclaimed South Vietnam as emperor, he also appointed Vietnamese Lv Jia as prime minister to stabilize South Vietnam. Lv Jia, a Vietnamese, served as Prime Minister, indicating that the local indigenous people and Han people lived in peace during this period, and there was no ethnic conflict known to modern people. It also shows that Vietnamese did not disappear after Qin and Han dynasties, but accelerated the integration with Han nationality. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Yue nationality in eastern Guangdong still existed and evolved into a slang nationality. According to the Records of Old Tang Dynasty (56 volumes), Tang Dynasty (87 volumes), Biography of Lin and Records of Wu Zhou, in the fifth year of martial arts in the early Tang Dynasty (AD 622), Yang Shiliu, with the encouragement of Tang envoys, took Lin back to Chaozhou (today's Zhisuo) and (today's Zhisuo). Lin sent his brother and pharmacist Poyang Wang to besiege with 20,000 troops, and Yang Shiluo "smashed it". Yang Shilue, the leader of the Li nationality, was born in Guanquanfei Road, Lantian County, Haiyang County, Yi 'an County. After Yang Shiluo was relegated to the Tang Dynasty, he was appointed as the general manager of Zhou Xun. Become the first governor in history. During his tenure, he promoted the further integration of ethnic minorities in Chaozhou, Zhou Xun and other places with the Han nationality in the Central Plains, which laid the foundation for Han Yu to govern Chaozhou later. Today, the people of eastern Guangdong commemorate his achievements in pacifying southern Xinjiang. The road is called Pingnan Road and the park is called Pingnan Park. He also built a shrine and memorial archway for him, and inscribed "Flying Spring and Jade Dew" to commemorate his birthplace and his wife Fu Shi. There is an old saying in Meizhou that "there is yang, antiquity and cloth before Meizhou", which shows the status of slang yang. Thus, at the end of Sui Dynasty and the beginning of Tang Dynasty, the Li nationality was powerful. At one time, the whole area of Korea and the United States was completely under the control of Li Shuai who opposed Sui Dynasty and surrendered to Tang Dynasty, and only listened to Li Shuai's orders. It took five years before and after Qin Shihuang and paid a huge price. After the pacification of South Vietnam, various special measures were taken to consolidate Qin's rule over South Vietnam and prevent Fujian and Vietnam from attacking. At the end of the Qin dynasty, the governors rebelled and went to Nanhai county to comfort those who were going to die. He analyzed the military politics of the world and Lingnan, thought Lingnan could be a country, and advised Zhao Tuo to stand on its own two feet. After Ren Tao's death, Zhao Tuo established a separatist regime in Lingnan according to his words and deeds. In 204 BC, he established his own Nanyue State and appointed Shi Ding as the Jieyang Order, so there was a county system here. Although South Vietnam was ruled by the Qin Dynasty, Fujian and Vietnam in the East constantly coveted South Vietnam. In the 12th year of Emperor Gaozu (BC 195), in order to weaken the power of Fujian and Vietnam, the central government of the Western Han Dynasty separated Fujian and Vietnam into a corner in the south, and made Nanwuhou, the weaver girl, the king of the South China Sea, a small ethnic country. This "weaving" is the ethnic group of the king of Fujian and Yue, which is not peaceful for its owner. The South China Sea was also defeated in the war with the government forces of the Western Han Dynasty, and Russia gave up its territory for Zhao Yue (South Guangdong). During the Wang Mang period of Han Dynasty, Jieyang County was renamed Nanhai Pavilion. 6? The article 1 water says that "the water from the southeast is injected into the South China Sea from the inside" and "Notes on Water Classics and Waves" also notes: "The water calendar is Jieyang County. Wang Mang's Nanhai Pavilion. This "Nanhai Pavilion" is obviously related to the inheritance of the name of the South China Sea established during the reign of Emperor Gaozu. Some scholars believe that the capital of the South China Sea is now Wuping County, Fujian Province, but the territory of the South China Sea is actually inherited from the area defended by Qin Jieyang, so it should be in eastern Guangdong. Some scholars believe that the whole Chaoshan area is in the south of Ling Jie, so the ancient Jieyang county administration may be in Chaoshan Plain. However, in fact, Meizhou is also in the north of the sea, and the old city of the South China Sea may also be in Meizhou. In the sixth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (1 1 1), in August, when Sun Zhaohu of Zhao Tuo was the king of South Guangdong, the king of Fujian and Vietnam won to send troops to attack South Vietnam, and Han Wanghui sent troops out to discuss Fujian and Guangdong. Before the soldiers arrived, Min Yue's younger brother Yushan should surrender. It can be seen that it is necessary to focus on the strategic position of Fujian and Ling Jie in Qinnanhai County on the Guangdong-Fujian Passage, and to guard against the attack of Fujian and Vietnam. Ding Yuan, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, pacified South Vietnam in six years and established Jieyang County in the former Jieyang area. Chaoshan area belongs to Nanhai County, and began to have a political system directly under the Central Plains Dynasty, which lasted until Jieyang was established in Yi 'an County in Jin Jiu (4 13). In the first year of Xianhe in Jincheng (326), it was divided into Dongguan County and Jieyang County in Nanhai County. In the sixth year of Xianhe (33 1), Jieyang County was divided into four counties: Haiyang, Chaoyang, Haining and Sui 'an. In the 9th year of Emperor Yi Xi of Jin 'an (4 13), it was divided into Dongguan County, and Yi 'an County was established in the former Jieyang County, and Haiyang County was under its jurisdiction (now five counties including Chaoan, Raoping, Rongcheng, Jiedong, Jiexi and Chenghai). ), Chaoyang County (now Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai, etc. ) and Zhao Yi (Zhao Zhao). During the Southern Qi Dynasty, Yi 'an County added a county in Chengxiang, and * * * governed six counties. In the 10th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (590), Yi 'an County was merged, and Yi 'an County was only located in the original county. The following year, Yi 'an County was changed to Chaozhou. In the third year of Song Xuanhe (1 12 1), Yongning, Yande and Chongyi in Gehaiyang County were located in Jieyang County, and the county was located in Huang Liu Village (now Fengshun Liu Liu Town). In the second year of Shaoxing (1 132), Jieyang county was abolished and the whole territory was merged into Haiyang. In the same year, Chaoyang County was also incorporated into Haiyang. So far, Chaozhou has only one county's territorial sea. In the tenth year of Shaoxing (1 140), Jieyang county resumed its organizational system, and the county administration was initially located in Bai Ji Village (now Yuhu Jinggang). Later, it moved to Yujiao Village (now Rongcheng), and Chaozhou was renamed Chaozhou Road in Yuan Dynasty, belonging to Jieyang County. What we are talking about today is the history of Jieyang before the Jin Dynasty, that is, the history of Chaomei today. There are few documents about this period, especially the society in Jieyang area in the pre-Qin period. We can only understand it with the help of archaeological data. Since the 1930s, generations of archaeologists and cultural workers have done a lot of archaeological exploration and excavation in this ancient Jieyang area in eastern Guangdong, and found a large number of archaeological and cultural sites and remains. Through these materials, we can get a glimpse of the social features of ancient Jieyang. Before the Western Han Dynasty, most areas in Chaoshan were "vast in the sea and vast in the sky, with water racing against the sky". In the early Western Han Dynasty, the Chaoshan site was only Chenghai Guishan, which was occupied by Han people like an island. However, in today's North Valley of Rongjiang in Jieyang, there are relatively dense remains of indigenous Vietnamese. By the middle and late Han Dynasty, the influence of Han culture seemed to have penetrated into the south river basin of Rongjiang River in the mainland, and the wooden tomb of Baolianzhai Mountain in Baita, Jieyang showed the cultural features of Lingbei. The tomb of the Chinese Yue people around the pine and cypress in Puningli Lake shows that in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the influence of Chinese culture was further promoted to the upper reaches of the Rongjiang South River. Although the architectural sites of the Han Dynasty were found in Guishan, Chenghai, the location of Guishan was a hill protruding from the sea more than 2,000 years ago. Without a brief terrain, it is impossible to become the political center of ancient Jieyang with an area of tens of thousands of square kilometers. According to Gu Zuyu's Reading History in Qing Dynasty, "Jieyang Old County is in the northwest of the county and south of Ling Jie. Han Zhijun, in the name of Ling Jie. " "Jieyang Mountain is 150 miles northwest of the county seat ... and Ling Jie is also a day. ..... Shilu stayed at home to uncover the ridge, or thought it was this mountain. " Combined with the route of Qin attacking Baiyue and Hanping South Vietnam and the geographical situation of Jieyang in Qin and Han Dynasties. The author thinks that the old town of Jieyang should be located in ancient Jieyang county, and it is more likely to go north. Is this written by Professor Tsung i Jao in Chaozhou Annals? 6? It is also mentioned in 1 History: "In the Qin and Han Dynasties, under Yixi and north of coastal alluvial land, it was generally called Bohai Sea, while Jieyang Mountain was as far away as Jiangxi, so Shilu stayed at home, crossed Guilin, and Wuyang was an official in Xiangxi. When you know Jieyang County in the Han Dynasty, its political center should be in the north of Chaojun County, while the coast is famous for its wasteland. " There are 24 graves in Chiling, Shang Ping, 4 kilometers away from the river slope of Jiexi County. Two bronze cymbals, a bronze spear and knife, jade and geometric printed pottery have been unearthed, and there are ancient kiln sites near the town. But Hepo is in the southwest of Jieyang today, Hepodi belongs to the eastern border of Boluo County, and Jieyang garrison is separated from Longchuan County, not Boluo County. Therefore, the inference of ancient Jieyang in Hepo has no reference value at all. There are forty clouds in "Pictured Guangdong": "Feiquanling, 90 miles southwest of the city (now Feng Liang Town), belongs to Ling Jie. The mountain is the most dangerous, and the road and the water in the soup pit are all out." "Fengshun County Records" says: "Lantian Pass in Nantuo Township, stone tablet flying spring path, is the southernmost pass of Qin Zhen guarding Jieyang Ridge. The Han and Six Dynasties was the strategic gateway of north-south traffic, and Shimaying was built. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, the connection between Bo Niu Ling and Wuning Post Office Road in Pantian was opened, which was a waste. " There are ancient city ruins as evidence. An ancient city site was found in the west of Ling Jie Township, with an area of about 30,000 square meters and a wall circumference of about 1.000 meters. There are buildings such as the main city, the sub-city and the city, and there are still ancient city wall foundations and residual walls with lime-sand structure. When building water conservancy projects after liberation, weapons, tin pots, etc. Collected at the city site, a batch of firebricks with a length of 30cm, a width of 65438cm and a thickness of 6cm were dug up at the soil consolidation place of1.78m. There is also a saying in Lantian Capital that "there is no soup pit market, there is Mashan Village first". This Mashan village is not far from the Xicheng management area, so it can be seen that the vicinity of Xicheng is the area of Tangkeng Town with the oldest building history in this city. In the early Song Dynasty, Jieyang County had already moved away, and the traffic road moved eastward to Bo Niu Ling. Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty, Huang Gongdu and Yang Wanli in the Song Dynasty all took the thin post road, and the thin "military camp" was the place to protect this official road, so there was no need to build such a large building under Lantian Pass after the Song Dynasty. Moreover, this ancient city has the layout of the main city, the attached city and the city, which is likely to be the ruins of the old city in Jieyang. "Xicheng" may be the place name taken by Jieyang County after the abolition of Jieyang County and the establishment of Haiyang County in the Jin Dynasty. The county moved eastward and returned to the lake. There was a bronze crop certificate in Qin and Han Dynasties. In recent years, Qin and Han bronzes have been unearthed near the site of Xicheng ancient city: First, the bronze sword of Qin Dynasty. 1in the winter of 984, when Li and others were in Neiling Village, Fucheng, they found a bronze sword of Qin Dynasty, which was 36 cm long and 7 cm long, with a hollow cone shape and three hoops. The body of the sword is prismatic, and the surface of the sword is reticulate and heavy. This sword was unearthed in Jiexi, Jieyang, indicating that Qin Jun has activities in many places on the southern edge of Jienan. The other bronze ware is Han bronze tile, which is19.5cm long,10cm wide and 0.3cm thick. On the front, the words "bronze tiles written in the main hall of Han Dynasty" are engraved, and on the back, the words "eternal treasure for thousands of years" and "great luck in reading" are engraved. These are all powerful physical evidences to prove that this place was once the military and political center of Qin and Han Dynasties. Fengshun is not only the seat of Jieyang County in ancient times, but also the birthplace of She nationality and the second hometown of She nationality in reality. Zhong Weiqi, a scholar of She nationality, believes that Phoenix Mountain in Guangdong is the birthplace of She nationality. She nationality once arrived in eastern Guangdong for the second time. The first time was 1095 BC. The Duke of Zhou enfeoffed Qi Long's 4 1 generation grandson in Fenghuangshan, Fengdu County, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, and established a vassal state. In BC 195, the She nationality entered Guangdong for the second time, and merged with the ancestors of the She nationality who had moved to Fenghuang Mountain before, becoming one of the five major ethnic groups in southern Manchuria.
According to the Xue Chao Forum, it is still a long time before the She people arrived in eastern Guangdong, presumably at least 4,000 years ago. "The master of eastern Guangdong, in the three generations (Xia, Shang and Zhou), Dongyi people (Huaihai area) moved in; During the Qin and Han dynasties, it was the Fujian and South Vietnamese who had mixed teeth. The Southern Dynasties were dominated by Li and Liao, supplemented by Sui and Tang Dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty, the She nationality wrestled with Chen Yuanguang, eventually retreated into the mountains and moved northward in large numbers. This statement of "Phoenix Mountain in Fengdu County, Chaozhou City" is often referred to as Phoenix Mountain in Chaozhou for short, omitting the word Fengdu County, because people mistakenly think that there has never been a county named Fengdu in Chaozhou. Fengdu County in Chongqing can't be called "Chaozhou". In fact, Fengdu County here actually refers to Fengshun County. Fengshun County was the capital of Haiyang County in Zheng Feng before it was established in the third year of Qing Dynasty (1738). The so-called Fengdu County in Chaozhou, this "Fengdu County", is not only the abbreviation of the early popular Fengzhengdu, but also the mistake caused by people's inaccurate understanding of the county name of this new county after the establishment of Fengshun County.
There are many proverbs circulating in Chaoshan area, which record the history of Chaoshan area in simple terms and are often highly credible. In fact, one of them is "Without Jieyang City, Chaqiao Township comes first": "Without Jieyang City, Chaqiao Township comes first", which is the record of Huayang, the ancestor of Chaqiao in Chaoshan. Yang's genealogy of Chaqiao Township, Xianqiao Town, Jieyang County records that "Chaqiao Township was in Xining for seven years in the Northern Song Dynasty (1074)" has been more than 900 years. Yang Hui, the ancestor of Yang, was born in 1032 and died in116. At the age of 26, he was a scholar of Chinese Academy of Sciences. He worked as an official in Kaifeng, an academician in imperial academy, a consultant, an imperial envoy and a doctor in Zhongshun. In the second year of Zong Shenxi Ning (1069), Wang Anshi participated in the discussion of politics and discussed the implementation of the new law. Huayang strongly opposed it, repeatedly talked about the disadvantages of the new law, called for the restoration of the old law, offended the emperor, and was exiled. As a result, Chaqiao Township was established, which was several decades earlier than Jieyang County, which was built in Rongcheng in the tenth year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 140).
Jieyang County, established in Shaoxing for ten years in the Southern Song Dynasty, became a county magistrate with pride and became the successor of Jieyang in Qin and Han Dynasties. Economic development has promoted the development of local urban and rural areas. Since the establishment of the county government, Rongcheng has gradually become the political, economic and cultural center of the county, and has successively established the inner and outer city walls of the county department, Gong Xue and the Forbidden City, as well as a number of ancient temples and temples such as Shuangfeng and Fenghua. More than a dozen long-span stone bridges, such as Mianhu Bridge, Deqiao Bridge, Shenpu Bridge and Xianqiao Bridge built in the Song Dynasty, show that the construction technology at that time has reached a considerable level. In the 10th year of Shaoxing in Song Dynasty (1 140), at the beginning of the establishment of Jieyang County, Gong Xue was established, which was the beginning of the official county school in Jieyang County. In addition, the academies and bookstores set up by Xiang Xian also make Jieyang people more and more eager to learn. More and more people take part in and take part in the imperial examinations. According to Qianlong's Records of Jieyang County, in the Song Dynasty, Jieyang was recommended or promoted as a scholar in the three subjects of "moral integrity, excellent academic performance and meticulous service", with as many as 19 people. In addition, there are a number of gold-winning literati in Huai Yu. Among them, Chen was called "Guangnan Master" because of his outstanding performance in official management and writing. In his later years, he opened an academy to give lectures in Huang Qishan, which opened the wind of "scholars learning for knowledge" in Jieyang. Zheng Guohan and Dali scholar Zhu are scholars on the same list. After becoming an official, they built Lantian Bookstore in Feiquanling, Tangkeng, and Zhu personally gave lectures. Wang Zhonghang devoted his whole life to promoting learning and worshipping culture, and the Chaozhou Scroll (also known as Chaozhou Ji) edited by him is the earliest historical record of Chaozhou. There is also a "transcendental interest", and Gao Shiwu, who made friends with the second Soviet Union (Su Shi and Su Zhe), is one of the eight sages in Chaoshan. Jieyang was also called "Zou Lu by the Sea" in the Song Dynasty because of its increasingly prosperous writing style and numerous celebrities. Throughout the historical development process of ancient Jieyang County, it has a long history. Jieyang County, established in the Southern Song Dynasty, was not the seat of ancient Jieyang County, but it did not leave much culture praised by later generations, so that people even forgot the position of Jieyang in the Qin and Han Dynasties. It was also in Jieyang County ten years after Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty that the culture was developed and the population was prosperous, and the culture of Jieyang County was born, which was "the wind of Zou and Lu, the legacy of Han and Zhao, and the generations have not been replaced". Therefore, Rongcheng District is worthy of being a famous historical and cultural city in Guangdong Province.