What is the era of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms? What countries and figures are there?

after the demise of the Tang dynasty, the history of China once again entered the era of great separatism. In the vast areas of the north, the result of the warlords' scuffle was the emergence of three powerful dynasties, namely, Houliang, Houtang, Houjin, Houhan and HouFriday. At the same time, there have been nine smaller separatist regimes in southern China, namely, Wu, Nantang, wuyue, Chu, Qianshu, Houshu, Nanhan, Nanping and Fujian. There are northern Han forces in the Hedong area in the north. History says: "Five Dynasties and Ten Countries". In addition, there were some coexisting regimes in the border areas during this period, mainly including: Liao (Qidan) in the northeast, Gaochang in the northwest, and regimes established by Tubo, Dali and other ethnic minorities in the southwest.

The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, generally speaking, lasted 53 years from the destruction of the Tang Dynasty in Zhu Wen in 97 to the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty in 96. In fact, six of the ten countries perished after 96, and the Northern Han Dynasty was the last, and it was 979 when it was destroyed.

The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms was a period of great chaos and destruction. There were tyrants on the top and cruel officials on the bottom. The rulers of the big and small competed fiercely, and the soldiers were constantly fighting, which greatly affected the social economy and culture. However, this period was also a period of unification and stability. After Zhou Shizong Chai Rong, many reform measures were taken and the Northern Expedition War was launched, which laid the foundation for the unification of the Northern Song Dynasty. Other aspects, such as gunpowder, the development of printing, and the emergence of words, have also achieved something. (Representatives of the Five Dynasties and the Ten Years: Houliang, Houtang, Houjin, Houhan, Houzhou, Wu, Nantang, wuyue, Chu, Beihan, Nanhan, Qianshu, Houshu, Nanping, Fujian)

At the end of the Five Dynasties, the separatist forces in the buffer regions further developed. After the demise of the Tang Dynasty, there appeared in the Central Plains successively the following dynasties: the Later Liang Dynasty, the Later Tang Dynasty, the Later Jin Dynasty, the Later Han Dynasty and the Later Friday Dynasty, which were called "Five Dynasties" in history. The Five Dynasties existed for 53 years, and * * * changed the eight surnames and fourteen kings.

Zhu Quanzhong (formerly known as Zhu Wen), a traitor to the peasant uprising army and an envoy of Tang Xuanwu at the end of the Tang Dynasty, wiped out many separatist forces. After initially unifying the Yellow River Basin, Tang Aidi was abolished to stand on its own feet in 97, and its capital was Kaifeng, which was called "Houliang" in history. After the establishment of the Houliang, Zhu Quanzhong, the Emperor Taizu of Liang, and Li Keyong, the warlord of Hedong and the aristocrat of Shatuo, continued to fight for hegemony, and the arrogant situation of the local buffer regions did not change much. In 912, after Zhu Quanzhong was killed by his son, the political situation became even more chaotic, and the result was destroyed by the later Tang Dynasty. The back beam ruled for 17 years.

in p>923, Li Cunxu (Zhuang Zong), the son of Li Keyong, a Shatuo, destroyed Liang, changed his country name to Tang, and established Luoyang as its capital, which was called "the later Tang Dynasty" in history. In 926, there was a mutiny in Weizhou (southeast of Daming, Hebei), Zhuang Zong died in Liuyan, and Li Siyuan, Li Keyong's adopted son, entered Luoyang as emperor (Mingzong). Tang Mingzong reformed some of Zhuang Zongshi's malpractices. During his seven years in office, the war was reduced, agriculture was harvested frequently, and the people got a short respite. After the death of Ming zong, it was soon destroyed by the later Jin Dynasty because of the internal attack and killing of the supreme ruling group. The late Tang dynasty ruled for 14 years.

in p>936, Shi Jingtang, our envoy to Hedong, overthrew the Later Tang Dynasty with the help of the Khitan soldiers, established a political power, and moved the capital to Kaifeng, which was called "Later Jin" in history. In the Five Dynasties, the national strength of the later Jin Dynasty was the weakest. In order to repay the Khitan for borrowing troops to destroy the Tang Dynasty, Shi Jingtang actually served the Khitan monarch as a father, calling himself the "son emperor" and cutting sixteen prefectures as a reward. When it was spread to the emperor, it was destroyed by Qidan's invasion because it was unwilling to surrender to Qidan again. At the beginning of 947, Liao soldiers invaded Kaifeng and later died. Twelve years after Jin Dynasty.

after the Liao soldiers invaded Kaifeng, Liu Zhiyuan (Shatuo), our envoy from the eastern part of the Late Jin Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor (emperor) in Jinyang (Taiyuan), and still used the title of Tianfu in the Late Jin Dynasty to win over the old ministers of the Late Jin Dynasty. When Liao troops retreated to the north, he quickly entered Luoyang and Kaifeng, and established his capital in Kaifeng, which was known as the "Hou Han" in history. Emperor Gaozu died after being an emperor for 11 months. After his nephew Liu Chengyou (Yin Di) succeeded to the throne, he avoided killing ministers. Guo Wei was forced to rise up against Han in our time, and Yin Di was killed. After only four years of rule, the later Han Dynasty perished.

Guo Wei was founded in 951, and its capital is still in Kaifeng, which is called "Hou Zhou" in history. He died after three years in office, and his adopted son Chai Rong succeeded to the throne for Sejong, whose national power was the strongest in the Five Dynasties. Sejong paid attention to the development of production, reorganized the army, and made expeditions to the south and the north, hoping to unify the whole country. Unfortunately, he failed to complete it and died in the army. His son, Emperor Gong, acceded to the throne at the age of seven, and was appointed by the Queen Mother. This situation of orphans and widows could not last long. After that, Zhao Kuangyin, the general of the later imperial court, launched a mutiny in Chen Qiao, and the Song Dynasty was established after the destruction of the Zhou Dynasty, and the Five Dynasties ended.

ten kingdoms

during the five dynasties, there were ten separatist regimes in the south and Hedong areas, which were called "ten kingdoms" in history.

Yang Xingmi, the founder of Wu, was promoted to Huainan as our envoy by the Tang Dynasty in suppressing peasant uprising and warlord scuffle. In 92, Tang Zhaozong made him King of Wu and made Yangzhou its capital. When Yang Pu was in power, Prime Minister Xu Wen and others made Yang Pu the son of heaven, with the title of Wu.

But by this time, Yang's power had already fallen. In 937, Xu Zhi-patent, Xu Wen's adopted son, abolished Yang Pu's independence, with the name of Tang and its capital of Jinling, and changed its name to Li Bian, which was called "Southern Tang" in history. Li Yu, the late ruler, was destroyed by the Northern Song Dynasty.

Wang Jian, the secretariat of Tangbizhou (Sichuan leading river), has successively annexed Xichuan, Dongchuan and Hanzhong since 894. After the establishment of the Liang Dynasty, he proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, with the title of Shu, which was called "Qian Shu" in history. The son Wang Yan succeeded to the throne and was famous for his extravagance, debauchery and stripping people. In 925, after the Tang Dynasty, Zhuangzong sent troops to destroy the former Shu, and Meng Zhixiang (Li Keyong's niece-in-law) was appointed as the deputy ambassador of Jiannan Xichuan Festival.

in p>926, Meng Zhixiang entered Chengdu, rectified official administration, reduced exorbitant taxes and captured Dongchuan. In 934, he proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu, with the title of Shu, which was called "Houshu" in history. When Meng Zhixiang died, Meng Chang succeeded to the throne and captured Fengzhou, with the same territory as the former Shu. But Meng Chang, like Wang Yan, was cruel and extravagant. In 965, it was destroyed by the Northern Song Dynasty.

Qian Liu, the founder of wuyue, was appointed as our envoy to Zhenhai by Tang Zhaozong in 893. Soon, due to the meritorious service of the Yuezhou warlord Dong Chang, he was promoted to our time in Zhenhai and Zhendong. In 97, Hou Liang named him King Wu Yue, both of whom lived in Hangzhou and owned the land of Zhejiang. There are few wars, developed production and prosperous economy in this area. Qian's regime spread to Qian Chu and fell to the Northern Song Dynasty in 978.

at the end of the Tang dynasty, Ma Yin divided Hunan. In 97, Hou Liang made him King of Chu, both in Tanzhou (Changsha). In 927, the later Tang Dynasty named him King of Chu. Ma Yin died, various schools of thought contended for each other, and the political situation was chaotic. In 951, he was attacked and destroyed by the Southern Tang Dynasty. However, shortly after the Southern Tang Dynasty destroyed Chu, Chu defeated the Southern Tang Army with liuyan and continued to occupy Hunan. After liuyan was killed by his men, Zhou Xingfeng and his son Zhou Baoquan ruled Hunan successively. In 963, it was destroyed by the Northern Song Dynasty.

in p>893, Wang Shenzhi was stationed in Fuzhou with his brother Wang Chao, and in 897, he succeeded Wang Chao as our envoy for the mighty army. In 99, Hou Liang made him the king of Fujian, according to which there were springs, pavilions and other places. After Wang Shenzhi's death, all the people who succeeded him were tyrants, and civil strife continued. In 945, they were conquered by the Southern Tang Dynasty.

in p>95, Liu yin was appointed as our ambassador for the Tang Jing navy. In 97, Hou Liang made him king of Dapeng County. After Liu Li, a hidden brother, succeeded to the throne, he expanded his sphere of influence. In 917, he became emperor and became the capital of Guangzhou. The following year, he changed his name to Han, which was called "Southern Han". The monarchs in the Southern Han Dynasty were extremely extravagant, ruled brutally, and the class contradictions in the territory were very sharp. They were destroyed by the Northern Song Dynasty in 971.

In p>97, Gao Jixing was appointed as our envoy in Jingnan by the Back Beam. In 924, after the Tang Dynasty, he was named King Nanping, all in Jiangling, only Jingzhou, and only returned to Xiazhou in Tang Mingzong, making him the weakest of the ten countries. He died in the Northern Song Dynasty in 963.

The Northern Han Dynasty was built by Liu Chong, the ancestor of the later Han Dynasty. In 951, Guo Wei replaced Han. Liu Chong proclaimed himself emperor in Taiyuan according to the land on the east of the river, and still took Han as his country name, which was called "Northern Han" in history. In the Northern Han Dynasty, "the soil is barren and the people are poor, and the military is served at home, while the Khitan is served abroad, and the people are struggling", and the social contradictions are very acute. He died in the Northern Song Dynasty in 979.