The relationship between the United States and Panama? Who owns the Panama Canal?

The Panama Canal is owned and managed by the Republic of Panama.

/kloc-in the 0 th and 9 th centuries, the isthmus of Panama was under the jurisdiction of Colombia. From 183 1 to 1858, Colombia changed its name to New Granada.

1835, the United States negotiated with New Granada on the issue of canal digging, but it was fruitless at that time. This time, the United States is naturally willing to accept the old story of New Granada. 1846 65438+February 12 After a year of negotiations, the United States and New Granada concluded the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Navigation and Commerce between the United States and New Granada, also known as the Peterak-Mararino Treaty, with a total of 36 articles and a validity period of 20 years. Article 35 stipulates that the United States has the following rights: American citizens, ships and commodities can enjoy all kinds of rights (all tax exemptions, privileges and immunities) that new Granada citizens can enjoy in its territory, and American passengers, mail and commodities passing through the isthmus of Panama should also receive the same preferential treatment. In the future, when building any transportation facilities in Panama, the right of passage or transit should be freely open to the American government and citizens, and the new Granada government shall not charge American citizens a toll higher than that of the new Granada citizens, nor shall it charge American citizens a fee. 1903165438+1October 18. The United States and Panama signed the Special Agreement between the United States and Panama on Building a Navigation Canal Connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, which is referred to as the Treaty between the United States and Malaysia or the Treaty of John Buno varia. According to the treaty, the United States guaranteed Panama's independence, Panama gave the canal area with a width of 10 mile and an area of 1432 square kilometers to the United States for permanent possession and control, and some islands in panama bay were also given to the United States for use. The United States paid Panama $654,380,000 in one lump sum, starting with $65,438+0,965,438+03, and paying $250,000 annually. Article 5 stipulates that the United States has a permanent monopoly on all the property of Panama Canal and Railway Company, Article 8 stipulates that all the property and rights of French Canal Company and Railway Company must be transferred to the United States, and Article 24 stipulates that no matter what happens to Panama's future political situation, it will not affect the power granted to the United States by this treaty. The most important point in the treaty is that the United States has the right to intervene in Panama City and Cologne City to maintain public order. If Latin America is the backyard of the United States, then Panama is the gate. The United States stationed heavily in the Canal Zone, and successively established the 14 military base or fortress, and established the "Caribbean Command", which was later expanded to the "Southern Command" to be responsible for the operations of the three armed forces in the western hemisphere outside the United States. The US military bases in the Panama Canal include Fort Clayton Army Base, Fort Amador, Rodman Naval Base, Howard Air Force Base and Albuquerque Air Force Base on the Pacific coast, as well as Galeta Island Naval Electronic Communication Center, Sherman Fort Army Jungle Combat Training Center and Cocosolo Air Force Base on the Atlantic coast. During the Cold War, 65,000 American soldiers and thousands of civilians were deployed in the Canal Zone, with the highest density in the world. With regard to the relationship between the United States and Panama, 1927, 10/0.2, a Panamanian diplomat made the following self-deprecating remarks in The New York Times: "When you throw an egg at a stone, it breaks; In other words, when you hit an egg with a stone, the egg breaks; Beauty, elegance, Panama eggs; In any case, the egg is broken. " However, from another perspective, it seems that Panama should also thank the United States for its occupation and control of the canal. At the beginning of the 20th century, Panama, a small country, survived the cannibalism, and the American factor was undoubtedly decisive. In the eyes of Panamanian elites, American control is more or less "enlightened and reasonable". The Panamanian people have experienced a long and arduous struggle. 1973 At the special meeting of the UN Security Council held in Panama City in March, many Latin American countries and other third world countries firmly supported the just position of the Panamanian people. In the same year, the Summit of Heads of Government of Non-Aligned Countries and the Bogota meeting of Latin American countries also expressed their firm support for the Panamanian government and people's claim to the sovereignty of the Canal Zone. 1974, the United States finally had to agree to "quickly end" its jurisdiction over the canal. 1On September 7, 977, Panama and the United States signed the new Panama Canal Treaty and the Panama Canal Permanent Neutrality and Operation Treaty in Washington. The new treaty came into force on 1979+00. It stipulates that the US-Pakistan Treaty of 1903 shall be abolished, and the canal committee composed of government officials of the two countries shall be responsible for the management and leadership of the canal. The two countries are committed to maintaining and defending the canal, while the United States bears the main responsibility. Panama is responsible for customs, immigration, postal services and judicial management in the Canal Zone. When the new treaty expires in 1999 12 3 1, Panama will fully undertake the management and protection of the canal. The Treaty on the Permanent Neutrality and Operation of the Panama Canal stipulates that after the new Panama Canal Treaty comes into effect, Panama and the United States will ensure the permanent neutrality of the Panama Canal, ensure its safety in peacetime and wartime, and open it to ships from all countries.