In what year was Yang Opera included in the intangible cultural heritage?

The Third List of National Intangible Cultural Heritage in Hunan Province

The specific date of the formation of Yang Opera can't be found in ancient books. According to the memories of the old artists of Yangxi, there was a formed Yangxi about 200 years ago. There are two versions of the name of Yang Opera. One is performed by farmers and farmers in Yangchun. Artists are mostly rural farmers, who have been performing in rural areas for a long time, so they are called "Yang Opera". There is also a saying that Nuo opera and Yang opera are of the same level, and Nuo opera is performed to entertain ghosts and gods, so it is called "Yin opera". Obviously, Yang Opera also has performances to reward the gods, but singing Yang Opera in front of the court is mainly to entertain people, so it is called "Yang Opera".

Yang Opera is the first of local operas in Zhangjiajie, especially Sangzhi and Yongding.

Tujia Yang Opera in Zhangjiajie is mainly spread in Zhangjiajie and its surrounding areas. Zhangjiajie is a prefecture-level city in Hunan Province, located in the hinterland of Wuling Mountain in northwest Hunan, in the middle and upper reaches of Lishui River, with an area of 9,563 square kilometers and a population of10.6 million, of which Tujia people account for 77% of the total population. Zhangjiajie belongs to the Golden Triangle at the junction of Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou provinces. Wulingyuan Scenic Area, a world natural heritage, is located in this city, with unique tourism resources. Aviation, railways, highways and three-dimensional transportation are very convenient.

Zhangjiajie was once the hub of the ancient roads of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou. Since the Western Han Dynasty, many cultures have coexisted and blended here. For thousands of years, the witchcraft and Chu sounds on both sides of the Lishui River have flourished and become a spectacular sight. Yang opera was born under this influence, and it has a history of more than 300 years since the middle of Qing Dynasty. Tujia Yang Opera is a treasure of local operas, which has become a rare opera in the whole province and even the whole country, and is a masterpiece of Zhangjiajie national culture.

Zhangjiajie Yangxi was once brilliant in the border region of Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou because of its singing characteristics of "hanging gourd with golden thread". In the urban and rural areas of Zhangjiajie, the core of Tujia Yangxi, there are more than 30 professional and amateur Yangxi theatrical troupes, which are packed everywhere. Therefore, Yang Opera has become the link of national identity, the essence of Tujia traditional culture and the masterpiece of tourism culture, and has academic value in anthropology, ethnology, folklore, history, sociology and art.