Under what circumstances did Japan and China sign Lushun and Dalian?

1900, Russian troops invaded three northeastern provinces of China for five years on the grounds of "protecting the Middle East Railway". 1904, with the consent of the Qing government, Japan sent troops to the northeast and launched the "Russo-Japanese War".

After a year and a half of fighting, Japan defeated Russia. After the Japanese army drove the Russian troops out of the northeast of China, Japan returned 99% of the land in the northeast to the Great Qing Dynasty. 1905, Japan met with the Qing government. After more than a month of negotiations in Beijing, the Qing government and Japan signed the "Positive Agreement on the Meeting in the Three Northeast Provinces" and its annexes. In this annex, the Qing government ceded the following major sovereignty to Japan as a condition for Japan to withdraw its troops from the northeast, and in Japan's case, it was regarded as a political reward for sending troops to fight against Russia:

1, ceding two leased lands in Lushun and Dalian;

2. Transfer the management right of forest products and mineral products along the Nanman Railway;

3. Allow Japan to station troops on both sides of Nanman Railway.

According to this treaty, Japan began to send people to take over the Nanman Railway, Lushun and Dalian, and stationed troops on both sides of the Nanman Railway. This army, known as "Kwantung Army", was stationed on the grounds of "protecting overseas Chinese in Japan" according to the "Three Northeast Provinces Conference" and the attached agreement.

Before the "September 18th Incident", the Japanese Kwantung Army had been stationed in the northeast of China for twenty-six years, and during these twenty-six years, the Kwantung Army basically kept peace with the Chinese in JiaHe Zhang in the northeast. This fact is also contrary to our youth's historical cognition, but it is also a fact. This is the brief process of losing the sovereignty of Lushun, Dalian, Nanman Railway and Forestry, and it is also the origin of "Kwantung Army". Afterwards, the vast majority of China people accused the Qing government of "traitorous".

But in fact, when the whole Northeast was occupied by Russia, the Qing government had only the following choices:

Option 1: let Russia occupy and work hard, hoping to fight a decisive battle with Russia one day and recover the Northeast. (Comment: This option is not infeasible, but far away)

Option two, agree with the Japanese to drive away the Russian army, but do not compensate Japan. (Comment: Japan lost100000 lives in the war. It is unrealistic to expect it not to get paid. )

Option 3: agree that the Japanese army will drive away the Russian army, but do not negotiate with Japan afterwards, so that Japan can replace Russia and occupy the whole Northeast. (Comment: This option is meaningless, just another aggressor)

Option 4: allow the Japanese army to drive away the Russian army, recover the whole northeast afterwards, and then cede a small part of land and sovereignty in return for Japan. (Comment: This is the real history)

Under the calm thinking, we can find that the history that has actually happened is the best plan that the Qing government can choose at that time, and it is also the best choice that accords with the maximization of the national interests of the Qing dynasty at that time under the historical conditions of what is done is done. The other three options are worse than this.

This is why the Qing government is willing to sign the "Positive Agreement on Meeting the Three Eastern Provinces" and attach an agreement to cede a small part of its sovereignty to Japan. Because, at that time, it was the only way, and there was no better way. In the 20th century, the big fight between China and Japan was rooted in this treaty, and Japan started to "run Manchuria" based on the immigration of Lushun, Dalian and Nanman railways.

However, the Japanese colonial behavior of "running Manchuria" had a fierce conflict with the sudden rise of nationalism in China. A lot of historical data show that since the Northern Expedition, the National Government has shouted radical nationalist slogans of "recovering all sovereignty in Northeast China" and "abolishing all unequal treaties", especially the success of forcibly recovering the British Concession in Hankou, which has made the national government's morale even higher, and running all the way is on the way forward. Unexpectedly, in the northeast, the national government met the hard nail of Japan. Then something happened. The national government thinks these treaties are unequal and must be abolished. Japan, on the other hand, took the Russo-Japanese War 26 years ago as an example and accused China of ingratitude and treachery.

The history of bad Sino-Japanese relations is intensified step by step from this argument that "chickens talk with ducks". Is it morally right for the National Government to "save the country with an iron fist"? Of course. However, under the specific historical conditions at that time, was this in line with the "maximization of interests" of the country?

Not necessarily. This is what we usually say: "Different people have different opinions. Wise men see wisdom. " My attitude in writing history is "only telling facts, not being reasonable". Who is right and who is wrong. Readers can judge for themselves. I'm only responsible for restoring the facts. This is the main historical background and reason of the September 18th Incident.

Of course, it is unrealistic for me to fully list and demonstrate the historical materials in this short introduction. Otherwise, I wouldn't have to spend two years writing a book with 200,000 words. My book Why the Japanese Invaded China: From the Sino-Japanese War to the July 7th Incident tells all this in great detail.

Of course, some people don't study, they just curse. This is what he wants to be happy. Let him go.

Westerners have a saying: telling the truth is never wrong. It means: as long as you tell the truth, you will always be right.

reference data

Dangdang: /23389453.html