When was Shenzhou founded?

There are always different opinions about when Shen Zhou was founded in Liao Dynasty. To sum up, there are three main viewpoints, namely, Tang Dynasty, Bohai Sea and Liao Dynasty. This question is very important to the history of Shenyang, and I'll make a brief textual research here.

The misleading theory of Wang Ji in Jin Dynasty actually comes from Wang Ji, an official in Jin Dynasty. Wang Ji, born in Yutian, Jizhou, was a scholar of Jin Tiande in two years (1 150). In the first year of Ming Chang (1 190), from February 12th to April 7th, he came to Liaodong Road Inspector, and in the form of a diary, he compiled the places he passed, the things he did and the poems he wrote into a book, A Record of Liaodong Travel. According to the book, he set off from Liaoyang on February 12th and lived in Shenyang that day. He described Shen Zhou in the following paragraph: "Shen Zhou was invaded by North Korea in the Tang Dynasty, and then the emperor ordered Li Dingdu Anton to take over Liaodong as the capital of Pingyang, and then he either ruled the old city or the new city, which is now Shen Zhou. Han Ying's Collection of Shenzhou also said:' The new city is Shenzhou.' As for the Tang calendar, it is not far away. The land of Liaodong is owned by the Maharaja of the Bohai Sea and has been passed down to the country for more than ten generations. In the Five Dynasties, the Qidan fought bloody battles with the Bohai Sea for decades, destroying its country, so the land of Liaodong entered Liao. "Ji Wang described Shen Zhou as a South Korean new town, which is obviously wrong. It is almost a foregone conclusion that the new city is in Gaoer Mountain City, Fushun.

Wang Ji's point of view comes from Han Ying's Shen Zhou Ji, but Wang Ji didn't say which dynasty Han Ying was from. However, someone found out from all over the place that there was a Han Ying, who was a calendar calculator, worked as a palace official, studied Tiantai and reformed the calendar. He believes that "Shenzhou Ji" was written by this Han Ying in the Tang Dynasty, so "Shenzhou Ji" should be built in the Tang Dynasty. In order to confirm this view, some people take the Shijinglou (commonly known as the Big Ten Faces) in front of the Forbidden City in Shenyang as evidence, saying that Shijinglou is a relic of the Tang Dynasty, with the words "the third year of Tang Kaiyuan" and "Shen Zhou" engraved on it, proving that there was Shen Zhou in the Tang Dynasty. In fact, these statements are untenable. First of all, there are many people who have the same name in history. There was a Han Ying in the Tang Dynasty. The Story of China was not necessarily written by him. Besides, The Story of Shenzhou is not included in The Whole Tang Dynasty. Secondly, many people have verified that the Shijinglou in front of the Forbidden City is not a relic of the Tang Dynasty, and there is no word "three years of Tang Kaiyuan" on it, which is a misunderstanding of "three generations of Tang Kaiyuan". This inscription should be "Enlightenment Master of Tang Kaiyuan Three Dynasties", which is the title of a monk in the Tang Dynasty. The meaning of this passage is that the inscription "Buddha's top is superior to the big compass" in the classic building is empty translation. According to textual research, "the relative age of Shijingfu in Shenyang should be in the period of Emperor Tianzuo at the end of Liao Dynasty", which was neither engraved in the Tang Dynasty, nor can it be used as evidence for the establishment of Shen Zhou in the Tang Dynasty. Shen Zhou said that nature cannot be established. Thirdly, from the analysis of the situation in Liaodong in the Tang Dynasty, it is impossible to build Shen Zhou in the Tang Dynasty. In 668 AD, after the destruction of North Korea in the Tang Dynasty, the Governor's House of Anton was established in the hometown of North Korea, which governed nine governors' houses, forty-two states and one hundred counties. Judging from the existing names, these prefectures, prefectures and counties were all built by using the old city of South Korea, and no new cities were built. Soon, the capital of Anton began to move constantly, and the actual control of the Tang Dynasty over Liaodong gradually weakened. In this situation, how could the Tang Dynasty establish a new Shen Zhou in Liaodong?

Shenyang Liao Dynasty Shijingzhuang (Dashimian)

Shenzhou was built in the Bohai Sea, and Shen Zhou has the saying of Bohai Sea, which was first seen in Liao History Geography: "Shen Zhou, Zhao Dejun, in the festival. The land of this country, the Bohai Sea built Shen Zhou, and the old county nine were all abandoned. Emperor Taizong established the Liao Army, which was later renamed the Liao Army. Initially transferred to Yongxing Palace, military affairs transferred to Tokyo deployment department. Tongzhou County and County II. " It is wrong to say that Shenyang is the hometown of Lou, and Shen Zhou is built here in Bohai. To understand this problem, it is necessary to introduce Bohai State first. Bohai Sea is a local minority regime established in the northeast of China in the Tang Dynasty. At its peak, its territory was bounded by Nihe River in the south (now Longxing River in South Hamgyong Province of North Korea), the Sea of Okhotsk in the north, the Khitan in the west, and the Sea of Japan (including today's Sakhalin Island) in the east, with "a land of five thousand miles", five capitals, fifteen prefectures and sixty-two states. The Bohai Sea was founded 200 years ago and was destroyed by Liao in 926 AD.

According to textual research, the territory of the southern Bohai Sea should start from Dapuxikou (Pokou) on the right bank of Yalu River, pass Qingyuan to the northwest, and reach Kaiyuan and the east bank of Liaohe River. Shenyang has never entered the territory of Bohai Sea, so it is impossible for Bohai Sea to build Shen Zhou in Shenyang. Lou Yu is a mistake of Lou Yu. His hometown is not in Shenyang, but in the lower reaches of Heilongjiang and east of Wusuli River. However, according to the unified records of the Yuan Dynasty, Shen Zhou did exist in the sixty-two states of Bohai Sea: "There is a Theorem House in Bohai Sea, which is in charge of Shen and Ding, commanding Theorem, Qiu Ping, Yancheng, Kiichigo, Anyi, Shenshui, Anding, Baoshan and Li Nengjiu counties." The Book of the New Tang Dynasty regards Shen Zhou as Panzhou, which "may be mistaken for similarity". Xinzhou in Bohai Sea has four counties: Shenshui, Anding, Baoshan and Li Neng. Shenshui is Guo Yi County, Shen Zhou. Judging from the name of Shenshui County, there must be a river called Shenshui nearby.

Since Shen Zhou in the Bohai Sea was not built in today's Shenyang area, why did the history of the Liao Dynasty say that Shenzhou in the Liao Dynasty was built in the Bohai Sea? What is the relationship between Liaoshen County and Shen Zhou in Bohai Sea? It turned out that after Liao Taizu destroyed the Bohai Sea, in view of the relatively advanced social development in the Bohai Sea, he adopted the method of governing according to customs and established a feudal autonomous regime-Dongdan State, which continued to be ruled by "Chinese law". Crown Prince Yelubi was named the king of the emperor, in charge of Dongdan, given the crown of the son of heaven and the title of manna. Change the capital city of Huhan to Tianfu, set up a province in the middle of Taiwan Province, with Didier as the left phase, the old phase of Bohai Sea as the right phase, Situ Dasuxian of Bohai Sea as the left phase, and Ye Lu Yu as the right phase. After all this was arranged, Baoji was able to return to the DPRK in May of the first year of Tianxian (AD 926), but suddenly died in the camp while passing through Fuyufu. In North Korea, the filial piety queen is the regent and "has the right to decide the state affairs of the army". Yelubi heard that Mao died of illness, and hurried to the camp to attend the funeral, and helped Zigong back to Beijing and Huang Lin.

Bohai Shang Jing Shicheng Dengzhuang

After the death of Taizu, Yelubei, as the eldest son and prince, should have succeeded to the throne, but his mother wanted to appoint his younger brother Yeludeguang at the request of Empress Tian. Yelubi gave in to the pressure and had to make concessions. In this way, Yelvdeguang ascended the throne of the emperor, serving as Emperor Taizong of Liao Dynasty. At this time, Dong Dan's left phase has passed away, and his right phase Ye Lu Yu has seized the power of Dong Dan. Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, and he suggested that Dongdan move south. The above table specifically analyzes the situation after the establishment of Dongdan. He believes that although the Bohai Sea has perished, its old system and social foundation have not changed. If you stay, it will be a future trouble. Therefore, it is suggested that "it will be a long-term policy to take advantage of its weakness and return it to its people", and it is especially suggested that it be moved to the "land of cold water (now Taizi River)" near Shangjing, where "the land is fertile and there are benefits of wood, iron, salt and fish", and they will "live and work in peace and contentment". Ye Lvyu's analysis is well-founded and his suggestions are practical, which is exactly what Emperor Taizong wanted. As Dongdan's southward migration can also weaken the power of Yelubei, the king of Huang Ren, which is extremely beneficial to Yeludeguang's consolidation of the throne, Emperor Taizong readily adopted Yelu Yuzhi's suggestion. In December of the third year (AD 928), King Ren Huang was still in the capital. Ye Luduang sent Ye Lu Yu to move Dongdan to Dongping (now Liaoyang City) and promote Dongping County to Nanjing.

The large-scale migration of the adherents of Bohai Sea to the south this time, in addition to "moving as many people as possible", also moved the capital to the old city of Liaodong, and the counties of Bohai Sea also moved south, and overseas Chinese were placed in various parts of Liaodong. After these Bohai counties moved south, most of them still used the old name of Bohai, and a few changed their names. According to Mr. Jin Yufu's statistics, 42 states in Bohai Sea have moved to Tokyo Road, Liaoning Province, among which 24 states still use the old name of Bohai Sea and 18 states use the new name. When the Yuan Dynasty compiled Liao History, it didn't understand this change, so it was often said that these counties were built in the Bohai Sea, or States (counties) in the Bohai Sea. In fact, these so-called counties in Bohai Sea were all moved here by a county in Bohai Sea, not originally built here. This is the case in China.

The compilation of Liao History is sloppy and contains many mistakes, which is recognized by academic circles, especially Tokyo Road in geography. The main reason is that there is no clear distinction between the establishment evolution of Tokyo Daoyuanzhou County and the establishment evolution of Bohai County's southward migration, and there is no mention of Bohai County's southward migration. Instead, the two materials are confused and pieced together, and Yuanzhou County in Liaodong is also described as "the hometown of Bohai". This mistake in Liao History has a great influence on later generations, and books such as Jin History Geography, Yuan Yi General Annals, Yuan History Geography, Liaodong Annals, and Qin Ding Manchu Origin Textual Research all repeat its mistakes. No wonder future generations are confused.

Shen Zhou was built by Liao Taizu. To sum up, it can be seen that Shen Zhou was not built in Tang Dynasty or Bohai Sea. In fact, Shen Zhou was built in the sixth year of Liao God (AD 92 1), which is clearly recorded in the chronicle of Liao Taizu. In October of this year, the defense of the new country in the late Jin Dynasty led Wang Yu to surrender his military forces to Qidan, so Yelv Baoji led an army to invade the south on a large scale. "November Guimao, Gubeikou. The soldiers were divided into more than ten cities, including Tan, Shun, Anyuan, Sanhe, Liangxiang, Shandong, Mancheng and Suicheng, to capture their people and move to the mainland. " In December of the same year, he moved to Tan and obeyed Dongping and Shen Zhou. The data source of Liao Shi Tai Zu Ancestral is reliable. At the same time, there are two counties in Shen Zhou: "Lejiao County, and Taizu captured Sanhe people in Jizhou and built Sanhe County, which was later renamed. Lingyuan County, Taizu captured the people of Zhangzhou and built Yuyang County, which was later renamed. " It can be seen that these two counties were also built by immigrants, and the original county names were also immigrant counties.

Liao Lijin sarcophagus unearthed in Shenyang

Some people think that because Shen Zhou was set 92 1 year before the extinction of Bohai Sea, and its residents came from Tanzhou and Heshun, Hebei Province, Shen Zhou should have nothing to do with the migration of Bohai Sea, and Shen Zhou was not from Shenzhou, Bohai Sea. This is actually a misunderstanding. When Shen Zhou was first built, it was not called Shen Zhou, but Shen Zhou, which was added after the Bohai Sea Shenzhou moved south. There are many such situations. As Mr. Jin Yufu pointed out: "It is not necessarily the land name obtained in the early Liao Dynasty. After the Bohai Sea was destroyed, the counties moved south, or at that time, the names of Shenyang and Liaoning began to exist. Historians didn't examine it, so they named it later, and then they got the place name, which is also the name of Liaoyang. " According to the Records of Liao History and Geography, in four years (AD 9 19), in February, Bingyin built the old city of Liaoyang, which was dominated by Han people and Bohai households, and changed Dongping County to Shouzhou. In the third year of Tianxian (AD 929), he moved to Dongdan Mansion and was promoted to Nanjing. This "Old Town of Liaoyang" was later called Liaoyang Prefecture in Tokyo, but it was not called "Old Town of Liaoyang" at this time, but only called "Old Town of Liaodong" because Nanjing was changed to Liaoyang Prefecture in Tokyo in the 13th year of Liao Tianxian (AD 939). It can be seen that this place is also a place where "the name will be named in the future". The same is true of Shen Zhou and Liaozhou.