Information on Cai Yan's impersonation of Prince Zhu San in the 16th year of Kangxi.

/kloc-in the spring of 0/644, the peasant uprising army led by Li Zicheng arrived in Beijing from Xi 'an via Shaanxi. Desperate, Emperor Chongzhen forced Queen Zhou to hang herself in Kunning Palace. He also hacked Yuan Guifei and his daughter Princess Changping to death with his sword, and ordered his three sons: Prince Ci Cong, third son Wang Ci can and fourth son Wang Yong Ci Huan to go to his grandfather Zhou Kui's home. After the arrangement, he hanged himself on an ancient locust tree at the eastern foot of the coal mountain. At that time, Prince Xuan Ci 16 years old, Wang Cican 13 years old and Wang Yonghuan 12 years old. After Li Zicheng entered Beijing, he didn't kill three children. Instead, the prince was named "King of the Song Dynasty" and a general named Du took care of him. Wu Sangui lured the Qing soldiers into the customs, and Li Zicheng led the peasant army to fight Wu Bing and the Qing soldiers, lost the battle, and then quickly left Beijing. Even in this case, the third prince of Emperor Chongzhen was not killed. After the Qing army occupied Beijing, Prince Xuan Ci was presented to the Qing court by his grandfather Zhou Kui. The Qing court killed the prince on the pretext that he was a fake. And all the people who proved that the prince was not fake 15 were killed, and all the people who said that the prince was fake survived. 1644 In June, Ming officials made Axe King Emperor in Nanjing, and changed the title to Hong Guang. At this time, a prince defected to Nanjing, which caused the infighting of the Nanjing regime. It is said that this prince is a fake and a "spy" sent by the Qing Dynasty, with the purpose of causing civil strife in Nanjing and overthrowing the Hong Guang regime at an early date.

After the peasant uprising army led by Li Zicheng left Beijing, Ci Huan fled to Henan with Mao, the general under Li Zicheng. They sold their war horses, bought cultivated land and prepared to farm for a living. However, due to the tight news that the Qing army arrested the insurgents, General Mao had to leave Cihuan and flee south. Ci Huan was only 13 years old at that time, and wandered from southeast Henan to Fengyang, Anhui, the hometown of his ancestor Zhu Yuanzhang. There was a squire named Wang in Fengyang in Ming Dynasty, who was an admonition officer. When he learned about Wang Yong's life experience, he took him in and made him pretend to be his own child and changed his name to Shiyuan Wang to study with his own children. When Cihuan was eighteen or nineteen years old, King Taigong died, so he left Fengyang and went to Jiangnan. Because he was helpless, he went to a small temple to become a monk and drag out an ignoble existence. Later, he wandered to an ancient temple in Yuyao, Zhejiang Province to settle down. One day, a squire named Hu came to this temple. In a chat with Ci Huan, he found that Ci Huan was good at reading and quite talented. He said, "If a child has such a gift, why is it empty?" So he took him to his home, changed his clothes and hat, studied while plowing, and later married his daughter. Cihuan lives here, mainly teaching for a living. A few years later, he was introduced by a friend to teach at the home of Zhang and others in Shandong, and later changed his name to Zhang Yongguan. He was cautious and afraid of exposure, so when he was in Shandong, he met Li Fangyuan and others for more than 20 years. The Li family only knew that he was Mr. Zhang Lao, a famous man in eastern Zhejiang, but they didn't even know that his name was Wang Shiyuan when he was in Zhejiang. Of course, he didn't know his name was Zhu Cihuan. He was the prince of the first dynasty.

After the Qing Dynasty made Beijing its capital, Hong Guang, longwu, Lu Jianguo, Shaowu, Li Yong and other southern regimes resisted the Qing Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty. The adherents of the Ming Dynasty had these regimes as banners to resist the Qing Dynasty, so naturally they didn't have to look for the prince who was hiding from the common people. Until 166 1, the last anti-Qing regime in Nanming was wiped out by Wu Sangui, and the Qing Dynasty also entered the Kangxi era. People who miss the Ming Dynasty played the banner of "Prince Zhu San". The so-called Prince Zhu San is just a general term for people who miss the descendants of the Ming Dynasty during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, and does not necessarily refer to anyone. It is called Prince Zhu San, because three princes lived in the last years of Chongzhen. According to Qing Shi Lu, Donghua Lu and other books, the Kangxi Dynasty cracked many cases related to Prince Zhu San. For example, on December 22nd, the 12th year of Kangxi, Yang Qilong corrected the anti-Qing Dynasty in Beijing in the name of "Prince Zhu San" and established the Guangde title, but it failed immediately. After the failure, Yang absconded. Until the 19th year of Kangxi, there was another man who claimed to be Prince Zhu San in Hanzhong and Xing 'an, Shaanxi Province, secretly carrying out anti-Qing activities. But the Qing court failed to capture this person.

On the night of March 20th, 16th year of Kangxi, Cai Mao, a native of Zhangzhou, led tens of thousands of "White-headed Army" uprising under the banner of "Prince Zhu San", and then moved to the valleys of Nanjing, Changtai and Tongan counties.

In June of the 16th year of Kangxi, someone lied about the ming prince Uprising in Zhecheng County, Henan Province.

In August of the eighteenth year of Kangxi, General Dingyuan Pingkou and Ann Wang Qin, who were ordered to pacify San Francisco, captured the legendary ming prince alive in Fengmuling, Wugang Prefecture, Hunan Province. /kloc-in October/February, Yue Le ordered the prince of the Ming Dynasty to be sent to the capital and killed.

In the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi, Emperor Kangxi made a southern tour and returned from Hangzhou. After passing through the Ming Tombs in Nanjing, Emperor Kangxi said to the university students, "Go and visit the descendants of the Ming Dynasty and give them a title so that they can leave their sacrifices on earth." This is the beginning of an open search for descendants and official positions of the Ming Dynasty. During the Shunzhi period, the Qing soldiers tried their best to deal with the Nanming regime, but they had no time to take care of the princes who fled the people. During the reign of Kangxi, the regime of Nanming fell one after another, and the adherents joined the princes of the Ming Dynasty, constantly launching an uprising in the name of "Prince Zhu San". The Qing court also began to step up the search. Therefore, the imperial edict of Kangxi at that time was nothing more than creating news in the sea, or luring the Ming people into a trap to facilitate their elimination. So, it took five months, and the courtiers repeated their orders: "The Ming Dynasty has been dead for a long time, and future generations are unknown. Although there is a visit today, it is really rare. " Later, Kangxi made three expeditions to the south to pay homage to the Ming tombs, but he never mentioned paying homage and making an appointment again.

Around the forty-fourth year of Kangxi, a monk from Taicang, Jiangsu, and Zhang and Zhang Nianer from Dalan Mountain, Zhejiang, launched an uprising under the banner of "Prince Zhu San", and they were active in Taicang, Jiangsu, Shengxian, Cixi and Shangyu in Zhejiang. On the one hand, the Qing court carried out armed repression, on the other hand, it searched for Prince Zhu San from Zhejiang and Jiangsu to Shandong and Hebei, and from south to north. The Qing court stepped up its efforts because "bandits called Zhu San a lot" and "Ci Huan" had been hiding everywhere for 44 years. Some outsiders know about the illegal acts, others don't, but they never have wild thoughts. 1in July, 944, his family moved to Changxing county, Huzhou prefecture. When the Qing court interrogated the uprising leader, Zhang also said, "I don't know Zhu." "I don't know him because I use his name to give people a handle." In November of the 45th year of Kangxi, the wife, daughter and daughter-in-law of Prince Zhu San in Changxing County, Huzhou Prefecture, Zhejiang Province all hanged themselves before being arrested in the raid, and their three sons and one grandson were arrested. Only Ci Huan and two other sons fled to Shandong to teach at the squire's house for a living.

On February 15th, forty-seven years of Kangxi, Emperor Kangxi sent Mu Dan, assistant minister of the Ministry of Finance, to Zhejiang to cooperate with local governors to suppress it. When he left, the emperor said, "Make a decision, don't be weak" and "Prince Zhu San and his sons will catch up soon". Many innocent people were involved in this search from south to north. On the third day of April in the forty-seventh year of Kangxi, the prince who taught grain in Wenshang County, Shandong Province was finally caught, that is, "Teacher Wang" and his two sons. After questioning Assistant Minister Mu Dan, Governor Ding Liang of Fujian and Zhejiang, Governor Shao Mubu of Liangjiang, Governor Wang Ran of Zhejiang, Governor Yu Zhun of Jiangsu and Governor Wang Shichen of Zhejiang, no problems were found. At this time, Kangxi issued a letter saying: "Although Zhu has no intention of rebellion, he has no intention of rebellion. He should plan a big move." "Take Zhu to Beijing and ask about Buddhism."

At the beginning of October in the forty-seventh year of Kangxi, Prince Zhu San, that is, Wang Shiyuan and his son, was sent to Beijing. The Qing court put Zhu San Ling Chi to death and beheaded his fifth son on the grounds of "calling the old eunuchs to be strangers" and "pretending to be ignorant". Sixty-five years have passed since the demise of the Ming Dynasty to the forty-seventh year of Kangxi. When Wang Cihuan died in the Ming Dynasty, he was only 12 years old. By the forty-seventh year of Kangxi, he was 76 years old, white-haired and aging. Even if he had an old eunuch, he would be about the same age as Cihuan at best. How can he tell the authenticity of a teenager 65 years ago? The uprising in the name of "Prince Zhu San" in the early Qing Dynasty caused a sensation in the world for 60 years. Although the 76-year-old man lives by teaching in order to avoid disaster and remain anonymous, there is no illegal act. When an uprising was launched in his name, he hid in hiding and did not participate in any anti-Qing activities. However, just hearing his name and life experience will make the Qing rulers feel uncomfortable. As a result, innocent old people were executed that year, and the whole family, old and young, were killed.

Who is Prince Zhu San? According to the Kangxi Zhu Pi Memorial, Prince Zhu San was named Zhu Cihuan, the fourth son of Chongzhen. Zhu San is honest and conscientious. In case anyone wants to do something out of line, they can only hide in the east and hide in the west. According to the ethics at that time, he thanked the Qing court for three advantages: the so-called killing thieves and revenging Xue Jun's father; The descendants of the first dynasty did not kill; The emperor bowed to the grave first. But Kangxi was merciless. He decided that Zhu San had ulterior motives and tried to put him to death that year. His five sons were beheaded. The approval of the punishment department in this case said: "Although Zhu has no intention of rebellion, he has no intention of rebellion. He should plan to avoid it to avoid confusion. "

However, among the people, many people called Prince Zhu San anti-Qing during the Kangxi period. In the 12th year of Kangxi (1673), Yang Qilong took advantage of the sharp contradiction between the Eight Banners slave owners and the main tenant farmers, calling himself "Prince Zhu San", and organized a team of more than 1,000 people, mainly the Eight Banners slave owners and tenant farmers, to cooperate with the rebellion in Wu Sangui. In the 16th year of Kangxi (1677), Cai Mao, a native of Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, also called himself "Prince Zhu San" and launched a sea war with Zheng Jing of Taiwan Province Province. In the forty-sixth year of Kangxi (1707), the leaves of Cixi gathered together with Dong Chunyuan and Dong Caiqi under the banner of "Prince Zhu San"; In the 60th year of Kangxi (172 1), Zhu Yigui of Taiwan Province Province launched the biggest uprising in Kangxi Dynasty. Zhu Yigui claimed to be a descendant of the Ming Dynasty, and his son was called "Prince Zhu San". "Prince Zhu San" was haunted because of this, and was regarded as a "confidant" by Kangxi, who told him that "harboring a head, once found, will be punished as a henchman", and was later captured in Wenshang County, Shandong Province. According to historical records, at the same time as Ye Uprising, Zhang (,) and Zhang Nianer () also started an uprising in Simingshan village in Ningshao area of eastern Zhejiang. At that time, the prince lived in the south and was sent to a squire named Wang in Fengyang, renamed Wang Shiyuan. Later, I went to Yuyao County (now near Hushan) and became a son-in-law at home. The locals call him Mr. Wang. Zhang Nian, the first-class hero, invited him to come out of the mountain several times, made him king and named him Daming Tiande under the banner of "Prince Zhu San".

Siming Mountain in eastern Zhejiang spans three houses with a circumference of 800 Li. Since the first year of Xian Tong in Tang Dynasty (1860), Liu Congjian, a long-term general of Qiu Fu, led 500 strong men. After self-defense in danger, there have been frequent shanzhai in past dynasties. The Zhang brothers stood by the mountain, and the uprising army grew rapidly, building a government, killing Qing soldiers, breaking Ningbo and spreading to Cixi, Shengxian and Shangyu counties. Because of the appearance of "Prince Zhu San", Kangxi paid special attention to it and ordered her confidant Suzhou Weaving Xu Li to inquire about the news and report it in time. In the forty-seventh year of Kangxi (1708), the imperial edict of the Qing court to Mu Dan, assistant minister of the Ministry of Finance, said that "it is worse than ordinary thieves, and the crime of feeling is abhorrent", which made Mu Dan quickly suppress with local officers and men, and it was not long before he made a decision. Zhu San must be taken alive, and he must see the living and the dead. The army besieged Simingshan village, and Zhang Nian and others retreated to the Yang Jue Hall in Dalinshan to fight to the death with the Qing army. Yang Jue Hall, located on the south side of Dalin Mountain at an altitude of about 400 meters, is a rebel base. Legend has it that Prince Zhu San died here with his eyes open. Before he died, he shouted "Give me back my Daming", which shocked Shan Ye and made him sad, echoing in the mountains for a long time. Legend has it that the blood of the rebels flowed everywhere, making the bamboo in Dalinshan dyed purple. The purple bamboo in Dalinshan Mountain is the witness of history. Some documents also describe that in order to win the hearts of the people, the Qing court transported the body of Prince Zhu San to Beijing for reburial. Thousands of dead rebels concentrated in a depression in Dalinshan, covered with mud, so the "mass grave" still exists. There are many poems praising Prince Zhu San here.

After the TV series Kangxi Dynasty was broadcast at home and abroad, the ratings were very high. The film not only describes three major events, namely, Ping San Francisco, Qing Cao Yun and the beginning of river work, but also vividly describes the life-long struggle with Prince Zhu San. Therefore, it has become a hot topic where Zhu San died in the Yang Jue Temple in Dalinshan. Overseas people wrote an article, suggesting that relevant departments set up memorial stone tablets of "Prince Zhu San's martyrdom" and "mass graves" to develop tourism resources.

Meng Sen, a historian, pointed out in the article Postscript of the martyrdom of Emperor Ming Lie that the so-called "Prince Zhu San was a general term for people of Ming origin during the reign of Kangxi", and later Yongzheng also said something similar in A Lost Sense of Justice. Although the story of Prince Zhu San is widely circulated in Dalin Mountain and Yang Jue Hall, it is difficult to unify the legend with the official records, so there is always no sufficient basis for the monument. The story of Dalinshan and Yang Xuantang, as a place where the Qing forest gathered in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, has certain regional cultural value, so it is recorded in words to continue the regional humanistic memory.