A brief introduction to Wang Shu, a virtuous minister and Neo-Confucian scholar of the Ming Dynasty. Where is Wang Shu’s tomb located today?

Character’s life and outstanding political achievements

Wang Shu passed the Jinshi examination in the 13th year of the reign of Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty (1448) and was selected as a Shujishi. Later, he was appointed Zuo Pingshi of Dali and promoted to deputy Zuo Temple. The six matters concerning inappropriate punishments stated in the imperial edict were all discussed and implemented by the imperial court. Later, he was transferred to the magistrate of Yangzhou. He distributed grain to relieve the hungry people without waiting for a reply from the court, and established Zizheng Academy to cultivate scholars.

In the fourth year of Tianshun (1460), Wang Shu was promoted to Jiangxi Right Chief Envoy due to his outstanding political achievements. During his tenure, he quelled the rebellion in Ganzhou. After Zhu Jianshen, Emperor Xianzong of the Ming Dynasty, came to the throne, he issued an edict and ordered his ministers to strictly assess the officials from all over the world. He dismissed thirteen people including Hou Chen, the envoy to the left of Henan Province, and replaced Hou Chen with Wang Shu.

In the first year of Chenghua (1465), the first Jingxiang refugee uprising broke out. The imperial court promoted Wang Shu to the right deputy capital censor to appease and deal with the refugee problem. When Wang Shu's mother passed away, the imperial court issued an edict allowing him to attend the funeral for only two months before returning to work. Wang Shu declined but was not allowed. Together with Shangshu Bai Gui, he put down the uprising of the bandit Liu Tong and defeated his party member Shi Long. He strictly restrained his subordinates from killing people indiscriminately, and the refugees returned to their own homes. He was also transferred to the governor of Henan. Due to his merit, he was promoted to the left deputy capital censor, and soon he was promoted to the right minister of the Nanjing Ministry of punishment. He resigned due to the death of his father. After the mourning period expired, he assumed his original position as governor of the river. Dredge Gaoyou, Shaobo and other lakes, repair the sluice gates of Lei Gong, Shang and Xia Jucheng, and Chen Gong reservoirs. At that time, due to the occurrence of disasters, the imperial court sought ways to eliminate disasters. Xianzong exempted Shandong from taxes for one year, and areas around the capital also had many tax exemptions. Soon, Wang Shu was appointed as Zuo Shilang of Nanjing Household Department. Wei Xing You Wai

In the twelfth year of Chenghua (1476), the great scholar Shang Ren and others believed that Yunnan was thousands of miles away from the capital, and controlled the barbarians in the west and Jiaozhi in the south, while the guarding eunuchs could be greedy for money. They discussed sending prestigious ministers as governors to guard Yunnan, so Wang Shu was appointed as the censor of the left deputy capital and went there. After arriving in Yunnan, he was promoted to the censor of the right capital. At first, Qian Neng sent commander Guo Jing to the capital to report that Annan's bandit soldiers had entered the Yunnan border without permission. Emperor Xianzong immediately ordered Guo Jing to send an edict to warn and restrain them. According to the old system, envoys to Annan had to go from Guangxi, but Guo Jing went directly from Yunnan to Annan. The money can be entrusted to Guo Jing to give to Li Hao, the king of Annan, jade belts, precious ribbons, python clothes, and other rare things. Li Hao sent his generals to escort Guo Jing back, intending to open a passage from Annan to Yunnan. Guo Jing was afraid of trouble later, so he pretended to go ahead to inform the gatekeeper, so he escaped and came back. He threatened that the Annan bandits were coming and the gatekeeper was destroyed. Duke Mu Cong of Guizhou sent someone to inform General Annan, and Annan's army returned. However, the ministers were afraid of Qian's power, so they concealed it and did not report it to the court. Qian Neng sent Guo Jing and commanded Lu An, Su Ben and others many times to collude with chieftains such as Gan Ya and Meng Mi to accept their countless gold treasures. Wang Shu investigated these situations. He sent cavalry to arrest Guo Jing, but Guo Jing committed suicide out of fear of his crime. Wang Shu then impeached Qian Neng for having liaison with foreign countries, and he should be executed according to the crime. Xianzong issued an edict to send Pan Fan, a doctor in the Ministry of Punishment, to deal with the matter. Qian Neng was in the middle again and presented yellow parrots to Xianzong in a post car. Wang Shu asked for a ban on bribery and exposed all the crimes of greed, greed and cruelty. He said: "In the past, Cochin was trapped due to improper appointment of guard officials. Now this matter is very harmful. How can your majesty care about it?" Qian Neng was very frightened and hurriedly asked the favored people around Xianzong to ask Xianzong to recall Wang Shu. At that time, Shang Ren, Xiang Zhong and other upright people were dismissed due to disagreements with Wang Zhi. The court then appointed Wang Shu to be in charge of the Nanjing Metropolitan Procuratorate, assisting the guards in handling confidential affairs. The impeachment of Qian Neng was immediately resolved, and Pan Fan Because he reported the fact that the investigation money could be used to collect bribes, Xianzong ignored it.

Wang Shu served in Yunnan for nine months, and his reputation spread far and wide. From Mu Cong, the Duke of Guizhou, he carefully obeyed government orders. Wang Shu went to court twenty times in one year, and his reputation for integrity shocked the world. At that time, Annan State accepted a traitor named Wang from Jiangxi as the mastermind, secretly sent spies into Lin'an, and forged weapons in Mengzi City, preparing for an opportunity to attack Yunnan. Wang Shu asked for two more deputy envoys to strengthen the border defense, but their plot failed.

Repeatedly admonished

A few months after Wang Shu arrived in Nanjing, he was promoted to Shangshu of the Ministry of War in Nanjing, where he still assisted in the defense and handled confidential affairs. When selecting his subordinates, he strictly prohibited intercession from acquaintances, and those who had sex with him were unhappy. After Qian Neng came back, he repeatedly slandered him in front of Xianzong. Xianzong was not satisfied with Wang Shu's many outspoken attempts to persuade him, so he ordered Wang Shu, who was also the right deputy censor of the capital, to patrol Nanji. According to the old system, half of the rent was levied on official land in Tianyang, Zhenjiang, Taiping, Ningguo, and Guangde, and all rent on private land was exempted. Later, most of the private land belonged to wealthy families, while official land was a drag on the poor. Wang Shu decided to reduce the loss of official land and slightly increase the burden on civilian land. At that time, Changzhou had extra levied grain and rice, so he reported to the imperial court to make up for the shortfall of summer field tax with 60,000 shi of rice, and to make up for the salt tax of other prefectures with 6 million shi, which was both public and private. There was a flood in the area under his jurisdiction, so he waived more than 600,000 dan of autumn grain. We provided relief and loans everywhere and saved more than two million people. Every year, Jiangnan delivers more than 170,000 shi of white cooked japonica rice to the inner government, and more than 44,000 shi of rough japonica rice to various government departments. Many people go bankrupt as a result, while Guanglu Temple supplies all to cooks and craftsmen. In addition, the eunuchs imposed exorbitant taxes, and the officials responsible for collecting tributes from various places all exacted excessive amounts. People weaving silk and gathering flowers and catching birds were constantly on the road. Wang Shu stated his harm to the court one after another, but his opinions were not accepted.

The eunuch Wang Jing and his fellow demons, thousands of Wang Chen, went south to collect medicines and rare treasures. They harassed and disturbed them wherever they went, and many county magistrates were insulted. Wang Jing and his entourage arrived in Suzhou and summoned all living beings to write demon books, which aroused great excitement among all living beings. Wang Jingzhuo warned all students to disobey orders. Wang Shu hurriedly wrote: "It is a time of disaster, and we should send envoys to provide relief. Instead, Wang Jing demanded arrogant treasures. In the past, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty hinted that Liangzhou would offer a famous eagle, and Emperor Ming of the Tang Dynasty ordered Yizhou to weave a half-armed robe and offer a pipa pole. Li Daliang and Su F refused to obey the imperial edict on things like plectrums and teeth. Although I am not as good as them, I admire people like Li Daliang." Then he listed all the crimes of Wang Jing and others. Wang Jing also falsely accused Wang Shu and was involved in the arrest of Sun Ren, the prefect of Changzhou. Wang Shu wrote a letter to save Sun Ren and impeached Wang Jing three times. When the eunuch Shang Ming also exposed Wang Jing's crimes, Emperor Xianzong arrested Wang Jing and others and imprisoned him, punished nineteen of his party members to guard the border and exiled them to the army. He also beheaded Wang Jing in public in the market and sent his head to Nanjing.

In the 20th year of Chenghua (1484), Xianzong appointed Wang Shu as Minister of War in Nanjing. At this time, Qian Neng was also guarding Nanjing and said to people: "Your Majesty, you are a person from the heaven. I only serve you respectfully." Wang Shu treated him honestly, and Qian Neng finally restrained himself a lot. At that time, Lin Jun was imprisoned, and Wang Shu wrote: "There is only one altar in heaven and earth, and only one temple for ancestors, but Buddha has more than a thousand temples. To build one temple, hundreds of families immigrated, and it cost the treasury hundreds of thousands of taels of silver. This is very inappropriate. Lin Jun is right, he should not be convicted." Xianzong was not happy after seeing the memorial.

Wang Shu calmly stated the matter without evasion. He responded to imperial edicts to state political affairs twenty-one times and made suggestions thirty-nine times. He tried his best to prevent the powerful and favored ministers from misbehaving. People all over the world admired him. Whenever political affairs encountered unreasonable situations, someone must say: "Why don't you, prince?" What do you say?" Or just say: "The prince's memorial will be here soon." After the incident, Wang Shu's memorial did arrive. The ballad at that time said: "Twelve departments in the two capitals (referring to the six departments in Beijing and Nanjing), there is only one king Shu." The powerful and favored ministers hated him very much, and Xianzong was also quite bored with him. Forced to become an official

In the 22nd year of Chenghua (1486), Xianzong appointed ministers. Wang Shu's remonstrances became more profound, and Xianzong became increasingly unhappy. Wang Shu had previously been promoted to the post of Prince Shaobao. When Ma Xian, the Minister of War in Nanjing, asked to resign, Xianzong suddenly attached to the approval document that Wang Shu would retire as Prince Shaobao. Officials in the government and the public were horrified when they learned this. Wang Shu served as governor many times, from minister to minister, all of whom stayed in Nanjing. Because he likes to speak out, he finally cannot stay in the court.

After he returned to his hometown, his reputation became even higher, and court officials continued to recommend him. Wang Chun, the head of the Ministry of Industry, compared Wang Shu to Ji An in the Western Han Dynasty, and even received a stick and was demoted to Sinan Prefecture. official. Resume the post

It was not until Emperor Xiaozong of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu T'ang, came to the throne that he accepted the recommendation of the court officials and summoned Wang Shu to the court to serve as Minister of the Ministry of Personnel. Soon after, he was promoted to the post of crown prince and Taibao.

The queen has only been in office for three years now, and Zhang Luan has already been granted the title of earl. This sudden request would have an impact on Your Majesty's morality and should not be approved. "Gao Lu, who had experience in general administration, was Zhang Luan's brother-in-law, and he was promoted to the office of counselor. Wang Shu said: "The official positions in the world are reserved for the talented and learned people in the world. Don't appoint noble relatives for selfish reasons, which will cause adverse effects. "A decree was sent from the palace to ask Xu Shengchao, the imperial physician, to serve as the court judge in turn. Wang Shu requested that he be selected from among the officials with the highest performance evaluations. His opinion was not accepted. Du Chang, the scholar in the Wenhua Palace, and others used their connections to increase their salaries, and the imperial physician Wang Yu himself requested to be promoted to an official position, but Wang Shu argued hard and gave up. At that time, Liu Ji had been dismissed and Qiu F entered the cabinet. At first, Qiu F was appointed to the Ministry of Rites. Shangshu was in charge of Zhan Shifu, and he was the crown prince's Taibao together with Wang Shu. Wang Shu was the leader of the six ministers, and when Qiu F entered the cabinet, Wang Shu was not humble in his position as Minister of Civil Affairs, so Qiu F was not happy. Among the officials in the world, more than ninety people were demoted by him and retained by Qiu Fang. Wang Shu repeatedly argued that he could not achieve his goal, so he tried to remove himself from the official position, but did not get the approval of Emperor Xiaozong. Wentai once went to Qiu F's house to seek promotion to an official position, but was later blocked by Wang Shu. When Wang Shu resigned from office and lived in his hometown, he asked Qiu F to write his biography and print it. It was said that Wang Shu was trying to gain reputation for himself and slander the emperor. The emperor knew that the crime was serious. Liu Wentai was moved after hearing this, so he drafted a memorial himself and asked Wu Zhen, the dismissed imperial censor, to polish it. He attacked Wang Shu for disturbing the official selection rules and included it in his biography. Since Yi Yin and Duke Zhou kept the official memorials, they all said that the palace would not respond to them, so as to cause the emperor to refuse to remonstrate and show no etiquette as a minister. Wang Shu thought that this memorial came from Qiu F. The imperial edict was explained in the memorial: "I wrote the biography in the 20th year of Chenghua (1484), and resigned at home in the 22nd year (1486). It was not because I had any objections to the late emperor. Moreover, what is recorded in the biography is to show the late emperor's virtue of accepting advice, how can it be called to highlight his faults? Liu Wentai is a scoundrel, and this must be planned by someone who is good at writing articles and has a conspiracy. "Xiaozong sent Liu Wentai to Jinyi Prison. After interrogation, the truth was obtained. The relevant departments requested the arrest of Qiu F, and Wang Shu and Wu Zhen confronted him in court. Xiaozong was dissatisfied with Wang Shu, so he demoted Liu Wentai to the imperial doctor and blamed Wang Shu for seeking fame. , burned the carved boards, regardless of Qiu F's crime. Wang Shu asked for treatment for the second time, but when he couldn't get approval, he strongly asked to leave his job. The court officials therefore looked down upon Qiu F. When Qiu F died, Liu Wentai went to pay his respects. Qiu F's wife yelled at him to go out. She said: "Because of you, the relationship between the husband and the prince is not good, and he is guilty of injustice." What's the point of mourning for your reputation? ”

After Zhu Houzhao, Emperor Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty, came to the throne, he sent officials to send an edict to express condolences to Wang Shu, rewarded him with sheep, wine, more food and slaves, and told Wang Shu to speak frankly without concealing anything. Wang Shu made many statements. It was an important political matter, and Wu Zong gave good words and praises. He passed away

In April of the third year of Zhengde (1508), Wang Shu died at the age of ninety-three. Wang Shu usually ate more than ordinary people. On the day of his death, Wang Shu was sitting alone behind closed doors. Suddenly there was a sound like thunder, and white air filled the air. When his family came to see him, they found that he had closed his eyes. The obituary was sent to the palace, and Wu Zong stopped for him. On the same day, Wang Shu Tejin, Zuo Zhuguo, and Taishi were given the posthumous title Duanyi. Summary of character evaluation

Wang Shu impeached powerful officials and favored ministers, never shying away from governor of Yunnan. At that time, he dared to impeach the guarding eunuch Qian Neng; when he was in Nanjing, he opposed donating rare treasures to the emperor and safeguarded local interests; he took charge of the civil service and advocated limiting imperial power and improving the supervisory system and political system. In his later years, he returned to his hometown and devoted himself to the study of Neo-Confucianism. The founder of the "Sanyuan School"; supported his youngest son Wang Chengyu in establishing Hongdao Academy and cultivated many talents for the northwest provinces.

He has been an official inside and outside the court for more than 40 years, and he is upright and honest. He has recommended Geng Yu, Peng Shao, He Qiaoxin, Zhou Jing, Li Min, Zhang Yue, Ni Yue, Liu Daxia, Dai Shan, Zhang Mao, etc. were all famous officials at that time. He respected those sages who were still in power, for fear of being promoted slowly. .

During the nearly twenty years of Emperor Xiaozong's reign, there were many upright officials in the court who performed their duties in a very orderly manner. They were known as the "Hongzhi Zhongxing". This was all due to Wang Shu. Historical evaluation

There is a rumor at that time: among the twelve tribes in the two capitals, there is only one king, Shu.

Qian Neng: The prince is a heavenly being and I am just a man of honor.

Zou Zhi: Wang Shu, the minister of the Ministry of War in Nanjing, is an official. He is loyal and capable of important tasks.

Wang Xuan: He first served as a minister in the Ministry of Civil Affairs. His integrity and integrity were not as good as those of Wang Ao, and his loyalty and uprightness were not as good as those of Wang Shu. It is better to be honest and have nothing than Geng Yu.

Tang Shu: ① The strange weapon Weihuan can be used to handle world affairs. One campaign was to conquer Hunan, three were to be governors, and two were to remain in charge. Everything he says is inappropriate, he knows everything he can do, his power is enough to defeat the enemy, his integrity is enough to excite greed, and his kindness is enough to relieve poverty. The Jinshen family in Cai Cai is a typical residence where a stone shrine was built. At that time, the king took advantage of the transmission to obtain treasure money, which could be used as tribute to birds. Guo Zhi privately traded with barbarians, and the public was impeached and punished. When the performance of the memorial failed to prove, he drove to rescue Lin Jun, Li Xing, and Zhou Chu, and added five government officials to persuade him to receive rice. When I arrived at Quan's Mansion in the evening, I was immediately noticed by people, and they were all led to set up a place for political affairs, so as to be adjacent to the rule of Emperor Xiao. ② The legacy of the vigilance of the public is passed down from childhood to old age. The spirit of hard work is passed down from the children to the grandchildren. The vigorous and heroic spirit comes from the family and the country, and the world is still full of feathers and drums, which is still within the reach of the past. For example, if a person's illness is caused by medicine and stone, but the meat in the body is cured by the medicine, the Qi will be strong.

Xiang Dushou: Duke Duanyi was loyal to the Xian Temple. He did not worry about being close to others, and accepted all the comments he made. And Binghengjian, suppressing impatience and rewarding Tian, ??deposing Youzhi Ming, supporting and recommending all the virtuous people, and laying out three things, which are traces of his chastity, purity, straightforwardness and understanding. There are not many Xiwenjun in reality.

Wang Shizhen: ① During the time of Xiaomiao, the most famous ministers...were not as famous as the three gentlemen of Duke Duanyi of Sanyuan, Gongwensheng of Ma Duansu of Junyang, and Gongxuan of Huarong Liu Zhong of Daxia. Duanyi's direct advice moved the world, but it was not difficult for Xiaozong but not Xianzong. Xiaozong was a benevolent master; however, it ended in discord. Isn't it the so-called humiliation of serving a king? Duan Su has made several updates at home and abroad, and his power is unyielding and unyielding, and he is the winner with his talent. Loyalty and benevolence are the foundation, Dao and the law are observed, fish and water are in the water at night, secrets are not Du Yu, the common people have the style of three generations. The words of knee-making are rarely passed down by anyone. I feel that the Lord is holy but the ministers are insignificant. People say that Sanyuan is like Wei Xuancheng and Han Zhigui, Junyang combines with Yao and Song Dynasty but is inferior to them, and Huarong is like Li Taichu and Sima Junshi. ② Forgive Zhang Cha's reputation, Da Xia's weak Cha Cha, and Wen Sheng Lian Cha's skills. Isn't this the case?

Xu Xian: a famous official in the dynasty, who has been in office for a long time and enjoys a long life. Duke Wenjing of Wei has ninety-eight years, Duke Duanyi of Wang has ninety-three years of burial, Hu Zhongan has nine tombs, Ma Duansu has been promoted, Han Zhongding has been promoted, Wu Wenke Gongne and Zhang Wenyi Gongmao were both eighty-six. Wang Wenduan Gongzhi, Wang Zhongsu Gong'ao, Wang Zhongyi Gongji, Lin Wen'an Gonghan, Liu Zhongxuan Gong of Daxia, Xie Wenzhenggong moved, all eighty-four. Now, it is easy to get a man who has both fame, position, wealth and longevity.

Tan Qian: My husband is a wise man with a firm attitude and is meticulous in his words and actions. However, if he criticizes and hears about it in Taiwan, it is definitely not trustworthy.

He Qiaoyuan: In the dynasty, the princes and princes were responsible for the safety and chaos for fifty years, and those who retired to serve as senior citizens in the world. For another twenty or so years, the princes were not famous and the scholar-bureaucrats were idle, imitating Han and Fan. The two commanders, however, were still ridiculed by Yu at that time, because they knew how difficult it was for a scholar to do something.

Zhang Dai: ① When Wang Duanyi was in charge of the dynasty, he was always outspoken about all matters, no matter how big or small. Is this the so-called "doing things for the king"? Humiliation and insult are unavoidable, but Xiaozong received them all with dignity, and always paid tribute to him, which was almost the same for the ages. Even if Duan Yi has a probing hand, he often encounters reverse scales. How can he succeed in making such conjectures? ②Wang Duanyi is in Quan (official department), is he like a phoenix? ...The world of Linfeng looks at it and knows its auspiciousness, and the world of Jiaolong (Yu Qian) looks at it and thinks of its beauty.

Zhang Sui: Between Chenghua, Sanyuan, Hezhou, Qinxian and Fengqiu, if you live in Yueyi, if you move, you will be struck by lightning. Big things will be cut off with an axe, and small things will be accumulated in the sea. , makes those who see it fearful, and those who hear it are frightened. This person's life and death, wealth and honor are enough to move him!

Gu Yingtai: At that time, Bingjian had Wang Shu and Peng Shao.

Zhang Tingyu: Wang Shu sharpened his integrity, Ma Wen was promoted to a political system, and Liu Daxia worked hard as a general. They all have the ability to manage the country and have the righteous ambition of an animal king. He prepares for the general affairs and makes numerous remarks to record his intention and actions. He is upright and bright, upright and sharp, and has the principles of ancient ministers. After many years of experience, he enjoys a long life, a high reputation in both the government and the public, and a great reputation far and wide.

The "Poetry" praises Lao Cheng, the "Book" calls Huang Fa, and the three ministers are close. Forgive me for not knowing my distant name, just for the purpose of passing on my knowledge.

Ji Yun et al.: "History of the Ming Dynasty" ("History of the Ming Dynasty") says that he was upright, upright and strict throughout his history at home and abroad for more than 50 years. The "Collection" contains some sparse details, such as the eunuchs who guarded the eunuchs in the music, and the eunuchs who harassed people in the treatises. They are all stated bluntly and without any explanation. Another example is the handling of places and ship-moving matters, which are all planned in detail and have strategies. Others are also related to the political affairs of a certain period, which can be supported by historical records. Neo-Confucianism

Guan Xue is probably the sect of Xue, and Wang’s Sanyuan School belongs to its other school. His studies generally put emphasis on self-satisfaction, not empty talk, and emphasis on integrity. Wang believes that ancient scholars all learned by words and deeds. Therefore, those who do not seek to be full and secure, but aim to be sensitive and careful in speaking; have the right way and correct what they say and do, and do what is right and what is wrong. Those who change it. Closely integrate learning and practice. In terms of his view of nature, Wang Nu is inclined to theism and pantheism, saying that "ghosts and gods are called virtues" can grow all things, and their feelings of blessing, good, and misfortune are endless. Ghosts and gods cannot see, hear but cannot hear, and are invisible and silent. However, they take objects as their bodies and exist in everything. For example, there is a door god on a door, a kitchen god on a stove, and the owner of a tree is the habitat of ghosts and gods. Ghosts and gods will respond to their feelings, so they make people fear them and offer sacrifices. However, he also pointed out that the so-called "likeness" of offering sacrifices to ghosts and gods is "not true" and his words are inconsistent. Regarding the issue of human nature, Wang Nu believes that human nature is ordained by nature and is what humans receive. Human nature is the prevalence of natural principles. Therefore, human nature is good. Those who are logical and good are the foundation of human nature. Those who are unreasonable and evil are not human nature. the foundation. He disagreed with the statement that "pre-existing traces are human nature" and believed that existing traces already had good and evil qualities, so they could not be called human nature. When Wang talks about nature, he seems to exclude the "nature of temperament" and attributes it to the nature of pure goodness and natural principles.

He believed that the principle of nature was "very small", so he should "investigate it with all his heart". "Exerting one's heart" comes before "intelligence" and is the way to "intelligence". Therefore, he proposed that Zhu Xi's "Annotations to the Four Books" said that "intellect can do one's heart" as "not without contradiction". Regarding the relationship between "natural principles" and "human desires", Wang Nu holds an oppositional theory, believing that natural principles and human desires wax and wane with each other. If there are natural principles, no one will desire them, and if there are people who want them, there will be no natural principles. In terms of economic thought, Wang Yuan refuted the attempt to restore the well-field system and believed that the well-field law was not feasible. Wang complained that every time there was a new interpretation of Confucian classics and commentaries. It is believed that in the Analects of Confucius and Zihan, Yan Yuan sang and sighed: "Looking up will make you higher, drilling will make you stronger, looking at the front, and suddenly you will be behind." This is because Yan Yuan "states that he has no fixed opinions, which is not a part of the holy way." Gao Jian before and after." It is said that Zhu Xi's "Collected Commentary on the Four Books" is thought to be due to Yan Yuan's deep knowledge that Confucius's teachings are endless and without a cube, and he lamented that it was "not right". It is believed that "Chun Qiu" was written by Confucius based on Zuo Qiu Ming's Lu History, and not Zuo Qiu Ming's biography based on Confucius's "Chun Qiu". Wang Shu's personal works include 15 volumes of "Wang Duanyi Gong's Report", 124 volumes of "Remonstrances of Famous Officials in Past Dynasties", 2 volumes of "Wanyi Opinions", "Jie'an Qin Manuscript", etc. In the 84th year of his life, he wrote "Shiqu" Opinions" in 4 volumes, "Supplements" in 2 volumes in 1986, and Supplements in 2 volumes in 88.

"Huangming Jingshi Wenbian" also contains a volume of "Collected Works of Wang Duanyi". Family members

Wang Shu had five sons and thirteen grandsons, most of whom had both ability and political integrity and prominent official positions.

Wang Shu's youngest son Wang Chengyu, whose courtesy name was Tianyu, served as Minister of Household Affairs in Nanjing. After his death, he was given the posthumous title of Kangxi to Prince Shaobao. He is the author of "Tai Chi Movement and Stillness Illustrations". Documentary records

"Guochen Collection·Volume 2"

"Jinxian Biyi·Volume 24"

"Mingshan Zang·Volume 67" "

"Yutang Congyu"

"Records of the Imperial Court Offerings"

"History of the Ming Dynasty·Volume 182·Biography 70" Tombs

The Tomb of Wang Shu is located in Congrenbao Village, Chengguan Town, Sanyuan County, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province. In August 1991, it was announced as a key cultural relic protection unit at the county (district) level. Literary Image

Cai Dongfan's "The Romance of the Ming Dynasty"