How was Tongwancheng built, and why did the Northern Wei Emperor Wu Tai lament its luxury and glitz?

In the autumn of 39 1, on the way from Inner Mongolia to northern Shaanxi, Daxia country? Helian Bobo (Han Liu Quxiu), the founding emperor, is a descendant of modu chanyu. Why did Liu Quyi, who was only 1 1 years old at that time, end up in such an embarrassing situation?

Helian Bobo's father, Liu, had been stationed in Dailai City (the former site was in Baichengtai Village, Balasu Township, Yuyang District, Yulin City). In 39 1 year, Liu led tens of thousands of people to attack the Northern Wei Dynasty. Wei Taizu Tuoba GUI led an army to battle, defeated Empress Liu and attacked his territory. Liu and his son fled hastily, and their infighting men killed Liu. The third son, Liu Quyi, escaped from the tiger's mouth and went to Xue cadre, where he lived for four years. Without appreciating Helian Bobo, I married my daughter to him.

In 406 AD, Helian Bobo, who tried to make a comeback to restore the Xiongnu regime, killed his father-in-law and led his army north to Wantong City. He was attracted by the scenery and important military position here and couldn't help admiring it. It's beautiful, wide and clean. I have been to many places, but I have never seen the beauty of Jose. ? So, here, start building this desert? Titanic? . It is said that when building a city wall, an iron cone must be tied to every section of the city wall. If you can't get in, there will be prizes. If you go in, kill the craftsman, then tear it down and rebuild it, and build people into the wall. Whether such cruelty is true remains to be verified.

According to the local people, Wantong City is made of a kind of concrete, so the whole city is white and solid (also called by the local people? Baichengzi? Reason). This kind of concrete is still widely used in modern buildings. The Huns who lived in tents for generations did not have such developed construction technology at that time. In other words, the construction of Tongwan City was directly participated by Han intellectuals and craftsmen. Not only the construction needs very strict procedures, but also the luxury after completion is beyond the imagination of ordinary people.

It is said that after the completion of Wantong City, its luxury and grandeur even made Wu Tai, the emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty who later broke the city, sigh. So luxurious and flashy, how can you not die? The real ancient city was built after nearly 65,438 people worked for five years. ?

27-year-old Helian Bobo, after a year of building the city and the army's rest, claimed to be the King Da Khan here, named the country Xia, established the Kingdom of Daxia, and took the compound surname He Lian. The world is prosperous in Chang 'an, and men themselves want to be emperors. 4 17,? Summer? In the tenth year after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Helian Bobo, who was not satisfied with being a little emperor in a small town on the Loess Plateau, led his army south to capture Xianyang and then eastward to occupy Chang 'an.

In 4 18, Helian Bobo led a great army into Chang 'an, went to the altar of Chang 'an Shop, and realized his dream, but he still took Tongwan City as his capital. At this time of summer, territory? There are Qinling Mountains in the south, Pujin in the east, Qin Long in the west, and something thinner than a river in the north? , that is, occupying today's northern Shaanxi, Guanzhong, eastern Gansu and Inner Mongolia Hetao area, is one of the largest local governments in the north.

In 425 AD, Helian Bobo, the leader of Xiongnu, died of illness in Wantong. He almost devoted his life to the war. Two years later, Wu Tai, the emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, led the army to attack the summer again, and captured Tongyuancheng in one fell swoop. After the Northern Wei Dynasty captured Wantong City, it captured 500,000 horses from the city alone, and captured the people of Xia Dynasty 1 10,000 people, with countless treasure vessels and tens of millions of cattle and sheep. This shows how rich this area was at that time.

Tongwan City was reduced to Tongwan Town, which was second only to a county, by the Wei regime that was later occupied, completely ending the glorious history of Beijing. Later, with the frequent contact with the Central Plains Dynasty, the Huns living here gradually evolved, some of them merged with the Han nationality, and some of them traveled as far away as Central Asia and Europe. In the 6th century AD, the Huns, who once had a great influence in the history of China, gradually drifted away from the historical horizon.

In military geography, the Huns have left, but the strategic value of Tongwan City has not diminished. In the 11th year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (487), it was re-established as Zhou Xia (later as Huazheng County). In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, especially? An Shi rebellion? Later, due to the war and deforestation, the grassland ecology in Saibei deteriorated, and the lush water plants in the past gradually lost here, and the grassland began to desert. Seeing the wind and sand turn, you don't grow grass all year round? 、? The vast desert is wide and far away from Liancheng? Tang poetry depicts the bleak scene of Tongwancheng at this time.

From the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms to the early Song Dynasty, Saibei became the most cruel battlefield in northern China. The fierce struggle between ethnic groups has reached the highest level in history, and the frequency and cruelty of wars have also jumped to the highest scale. At this time, Tongwancheng is surrounded by deserts. Although it is ruled by counties, it is in jeopardy. First, the natural desert buried its fragile historical body, and then history? Desert? It began to alienate and dilute it. It was more like a maid-in-waiting who lost her beauty and was gradually forgotten in the bustle. This kind of forgetting takes a long time.

For more than five centuries after Xia's subjugation, it has been the political, economic and military center of gravity in the southern part of Ordos Plateau, and has been guarding it? Grassland Silk Road? One of the traffic centers in the east and west. Occupied by the Tangut, it established a country here and became an important base to compete with the early Northern Song Dynasty.

In 994, the rulers of the Song Dynasty adopted an immigration policy for the remaining residents of Tongwancheng. They were forcibly moved to Sene, and Tongwan City was completely destroyed and turned into ruins. Perhaps some residents of Xiongnu descent left, and Tongwan City completely lost the essence traces left by Xiongnu. However, the Tangut discovered its military value and historical value, making it the military center of the Tangut.

Xixia people restored what they always wanted to continue in Tongwan City? Summer? After the title, Li, who was clever, absorbed the tragedy of Xiongnu. He aimed at the west that was ignored by the Song Dynasty, and this nation began to enter Ningxia. The departure of the Tangut completely evacuated the last drop of fresh blood in this ancient city.

In the ancient city, the city walls in the sunset are more worn and vicissitudes. After more than 65,438+0,500 years of wind and rain, most of the city walls and tall turrets are still well preserved.