Find some information about Edison and Einstein, including famous sayings.

Genius is 1% inspiration plus 99% sweat, but this 1% inspiration is more important than 99% sweat.

Success = efforts+correct methods+less empty talk. -Einstein

A person's value should be judged by his contribution, not by his achievements. -Einstein

Only by devoting oneself to society can one find the meaning of that short and risky life. -Einstein

I have never regarded ease and happiness as the purpose of life itself-this ethical basis, which I call the ideal of pigsty.

-Einstein

As long as you have a reasonable thing to do, your life will be particularly beautiful. -Einstein

I always feel that the vulgar goals that people strive for-property, vanity and luxurious life-are contemptible.

-Einstein

Success = efforts+correct methods+less empty talk.

-Einstein

For everything, only love is the best teacher, which far exceeds the sense of responsibility.

-Einstein

He who rashly tells the truth in small matters cannot be trusted in big matters.

-Einstein

+y+z=A

Success = efforts+correct methods+less empty talk.

X = hard work

Y = correct method

Z = less empty talk

Principle of relativity: E=m*c*c is this a famous saying?

People who ignore the truth in small things are also untrustworthy in big things. -Einstein

Regardless of the trend of the times and the fashion of society, people can always go beyond the times and society and take their own correct path by virtue of their noble qualities. -Einstein

There is only one road to the truly great realm of mankind. -Einstein

Du Shi, a person can only become a real master when he devotes himself wholeheartedly to a certain cause. Therefore, only by going all out can we master it. -Einstein

I don't have any special talent, but I like to trace back to the source. -Einstein

Without sacrifice, there will never be real progress. -Einstein

A person is really lucky to be fascinated by his work to the last breath. -Einstein

A simple and honest life is good for everyone, both physically and mentally. -Einstein

Tolerance means respecting other people's beliefs, no matter what they have. -Einstein

Push your career, let your career push you. -Einstein

In order to enable everyone to express their views without adverse consequences, everyone must have a spirit of tolerance. -Einstein

The most important tolerance is the tolerance of the state and society to individuals. -Einstein

Tolerance means respecting other people's beliefs, no matter what they have. -Einstein

In the understanding of truth, anyone who pretends to be an authority will surely collapse in God's joke! -Einstein

What is really valuable does not come from ambition or simple sense of responsibility; But from the love and focus on people and objective things. -Einstein

The true value of a person depends on the degree and significance of his liberation from himself. -Einstein

Wisdom does not come from academic qualifications, but from the lifelong unremitting pursuit of knowledge. -Einstein

Our definition of education is that human wisdom will never deviate from the goal. The so-called education is the skills left after forgetting all the contents of the school. -Einstein

The goal of a knowledge school should be to cultivate people with independent actions and independent thinking. -Einstein

I don't have any special talent, but I like to get to the bottom of it. -Einstein

I always feel that the vulgar goals that people strive for-property, vanity and luxurious life-are contemptible. -Einstein

Only by devoting oneself to society can one find the meaning of that short and risky life. -Einstein

Life Volume Sometimes a person pays the highest price for getting something for nothing. -Einstein

The true value of life does not come from ambition or simple sense of responsibility; But from the enthusiasm and focus on people and objective things. -Einstein

A person's value should be judged by his contribution, not by his achievements. -Einstein

For me, the meaning of life lies in putting yourself in others' shoes, worrying about others and enjoying their happiness. -Einstein

A person's value to society first depends on how much his feelings, thoughts and actions have played in promoting human interests. -Einstein

Only a life that lives for others is worth living. -Einstein

Everyone has a certain ideal, which determines the direction of his efforts and judgment. In this sense, I have never regarded ease and happiness as the purpose of life itself-this ethical basis I call the ideal of pigsty. -Einstein

Illuminate my path, constantly give me new courage, let me face up to the ideal of life happily, that is, truth, goodness and beauty. -Einstein

The will of people supported by indomitable beliefs is stronger than those seemingly invincible material forces. -Einstein

Faith is best supported by experience and clear thinking. -Einstein

Pursuing truth and knowledge and striving for it is one of the highest qualities of human beings-although it is often the people who make the least effort who shout this pride loudest. -Einstein

There are many people who do not pursue those material things, but pursue ideals and truth-Einstein.

A person's value should be judged by his contribution, not by his achievements. -Einstein

True happiness is optimism about life, happiness about work and excitement about career. -Einstein

For a person, all he wants is to be able to go all out and devote himself to a beautiful cause. -Einstein

Only by joining the society can we find the short and risky meaning of life. -Einstein

I remind myself hundreds of times every day that my spiritual life and material life depend on the labor of others, and I must try my best to repay what I have got and what I am still getting. -Einstein

Supported by a lofty goal, if you persist in your efforts, even if it is slow, you will certainly succeed. -Einstein

Success = efforts+correct methods+less empty talk. -Einstein

Don't hesitate to grieve for today, but regret for tomorrow. -French proverb I think that only "love" is the best teacher under any circumstances. -Einstein

Study or plant trees, which blossom in spring and bear fruit in autumn. -Einstein

In this world, in this universe, there are too many incomprehensible secrets ... let's hurry up and work! -Einstein

In this world, in this universe, there are too many incomprehensible secrets ... let's hurry up and work! -Einstein

Success = efforts+correct methods+less empty talk. -Einstein

References:

/question/78 1290 1 . html

Edison was a famous American inventor. He studied hard all his life, was good at thinking and worked hard. At the age of 75, he still signs in for work in the laboratory on time every day. For decades, he worked almost ten hours a day and read books in his study for three to five hours at night. If the average person's life activity time is used to calculate, his life span has doubled. So, on his 79th birthday, Edison proudly told people that I was 135 years old. He lived to be 84 years old and made 1 100 inventions in his life, among which the greatest contribution was to invent the phonograph and the automatic telegraph, and to experiment and improve the incandescent lamp and telephone. Edison began to study electric light in his early twenties, which lasted for 10 years. He chose thousands of different substances, such as bamboo wool, graphite, tantalum and so on. As a filament material for experiments, this is well known. Once he and his assistants worked for five days and five nights in a row. 1879 Edison made incandescent filament with carbon filament and lit it for 40 hours. Because the surface of carbon wire is porous and fragile, its strength is very low. It was soon replaced by tungsten wire.

1883, Edison discovered the phenomenon of thermionic emission, also known as "Edison effect", that is, some electrons or ions near the metal surface gained enough kinetic energy due to the irregular movement caused by high temperature, overcame the constraints of the surface and escaped from the metal. Edison effect is very important to the work of all vacuum tubes. As the emission surface, the cathode is usually coated with a layer of alkaline earth metal oxide to promote electron emission, and the high temperature is maintained by current heating.

1900, Edison invented the iron-nickel battery, which is an alkaline battery with an electromotive force of about 1.3 ~ 1.4 volts. It has a long life, but its efficiency is not high. Edison had many inventions in his life, but when someone asked him why he succeeded, he said: Some people think that I have some talents, which is not correct. Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety percent inspiration.

Albert Einstein, the greatest physicist in the 20th century, was born in Ulm, southwest Germany, on March 1879, and moved to Munich with his family a year later. Einstein's parents were Jews. His father Herman Einstein and his uncle Jacob Einstein jointly opened an electrical appliance factory to produce motors, arc lamps and electrical instruments for power stations and lighting systems. Mother Pauline, a housewife with secondary education, likes music very much and taught Einstein to play the violin when he was six years old.

Einstein was not lively when he was a child, and he couldn't speak when he was over three years old. His parents were worried that he was dumb and took him to see a doctor. Fortunately, Einstein was not dumb, but he didn't speak fluently until he was nine years old. Everything he says must be carefully thought over.

At the age of four or five, Einstein was once ill in bed, and his father gave him a compass. When he found that the compass always pointed in a fixed direction, he was very surprised and felt that there must be something hidden behind this phenomenon. He happily played with the compass for several days, pestering his father and uncle Jacob to ask a series of questions. Although he can't even say the word "magnetic" well, he stubbornly wants to know why the compass can guide the direction. This deep and lasting impression was vividly recalled by Einstein until he was 67 years old.

When Einstein was in primary school and middle school, his homework was normal. Because he is slow and doesn't like people, his teachers and classmates don't like him. The teachers who taught him Greek and Latin hated him even more. He once publicly scolded him: "Einstein, you will never be a successful person when you grow up." And I want to kick him out of school for fear that his class will affect other students.

Einstein's uncle Jacob is in charge of technical affairs in the electric appliance factory, while Einstein's father is in charge of business contact. Jacob is an engineer. He loves mathematics very much. When Einstein came to ask him questions, he always introduced his mathematics knowledge to him in very simple and popular language. Under the influence of his uncle, Einstein was enlightened by science and philosophy earlier.

My father's business is not good, but he is optimistic and kind. Inviting poor students from Munich to dinner at home every night is tantamount to helping them. One of them is a pair of Jewish brothers Max and Bernard from Lithuania. They are all medical students. They like reading books and have a wide range of interests. They were invited to eat at Einstein's house and became good friends with shy little Einstein with black hair and brown eyes.

Max can be said to be Einstein's "first teacher". He lent him some popular natural science books. When Einstein was twelve years old, Max gave him a plane geometry textbook from speke. Einstein recalled this sacred little book in his later years and said, "There are many conclusions in this book, such as that the three heights of a triangle intersect at one point. Although they are not obvious in themselves, they can be reliably proved, so any doubt seems impossible. This clarity and reliability left an indescribable impression on me. "

Einstein was also very lucky to know the main achievements and methods in the field of natural science from an excellent popular reading. Popular reading not only increased Einstein's knowledge, but also touched the curious heartstrings of young people and caused him to think deeply about the problem.

At the age of sixteen, Einstein applied for the engineering department of the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland, but failed in the entrance examination. He accepted the suggestion of Professor Weber, the president of the Federal Institute of Technology and a famous physicist in the school, and completed the middle school course in Arau, Switzerland, with a view to obtaining a middle school degree.

1896 5438+00 In June, Einstein stepped into the school gate of Zurich University of Technology and studied mathematics and physics in the normal department. He is very disgusted with the indoctrination education in school, which makes people have no time and interest to think about other problems. Fortunately, compulsory education that stifles real scientific motivation is much less in Zurich Federal Institute of Technology than in other universities. Einstein made full use of the free air in the school and devoted himself to the subject he loved. At school, he widely read the works of masters of physics such as Helmholtz and Hertz, and he was most fascinated by Maxwell's electromagnetic theory. He has the ability of self-study, the habit of analyzing problems and the ability of independent thinking.

Early work

1900, Einstein graduated from Zurich University of Technology. He was refused to stay in school because he was not enthusiastic about some courses and indifferent to the teachers. He couldn't find a job and made a living as a tutor and substitute teacher. After a year and a half of unemployment, Marcel Grossman, a classmate who cares about and understands his talent, extended a helping hand to him. Grossman managed to persuade his father to introduce Einstein to the Swiss Patent Office as a technician.

Einstein thanked Grossman for his lifelong help. In his mourning letter to Grossman, he said that when he graduated from college, he was "suddenly abandoned by everyone and faced with life at a loss." He helped me. Through him and his father, I later went to Haller (then director of the Swiss Patent Office) and entered the patent office. It's kind of like saving my life. Without him, I probably won't starve to death, but my spirit will be depressed. "

1902 February 2 1 day, Einstein obtained Swiss nationality and moved to Bern, waiting for the recruitment of the patent office. 1902 On June 23rd, Einstein was officially employed as a third-class technician by the Patent Office, whose job was to examine all kinds of technological inventions applying for patent rights. 1903 married mileva Malik, a college classmate.

From 1900 to 1904, Einstein wrote a paper every year and published it in the German journal of physics. The first two articles are about the thermodynamics of liquid level and electrolysis, trying to give chemistry a mechanical basis. Later, it was found that this road was not feasible, and the mechanical basis of thermodynamics was studied instead. 190 1 put forward some basic theories of statistical mechanics, and three papers from 1902 to 1904 all belong to this field.

1904 seriously discusses the fluctuation phenomenon predicted by statistical mechanics and finds that energy fluctuation depends on Boltzmann constant. It not only applies this result to mechanical systems and thermal phenomena, but also boldly applies it to radiation phenomena, and obtains the fluctuation formula of radiation energy, thus deducing Wien's displacement law. The study of fluctuation phenomenon made him make a major breakthrough in both radiation theory and molecular motion theory in 1905.

1905 miracle

From 65438 to 0905, Einstein created an unprecedented miracle in the history of science. This year, he wrote six papers. During the half year from March to September, he made four epoch-making contributions in three fields in his spare time besides working eight hours a day in the patent office. He published four important papers on quantum theory of light, molecular size measurement, Brownian motion theory and special relativity.

1905 In March, Einstein sent the paper he thought was correct to the editorial department of the German Journal of Physics. He said shyly to the editor, "I will be very happy if you can find room for me to publish this paper in your annual report." This "embarrassing" paper is called "a speculative view on the generation and transformation of light".

In this paper, the quantum concept put forward by Planck in 1900 is extended to the propagation of light in space, and the optical quantum hypothesis is put forward. It is considered that: for time average, light behaves as fluctuation; For instantaneous values, light appears as particles. This is the first time in history to reveal the unity of fluctuation of microscopic objects and particles, that is, wave-particle duality.

At the end of this article, he explained the photoelectric effect with the concept of optical quantum, and deduced the relationship between the maximum energy of photoelectrons and the frequency of incident light. This relationship was not confirmed by Millikan's experiment until 10 years later. 192 1 year, Einstein won the nobel prize in physics for his achievement of "the discovery of the law of photoelectric effect".

But this is really just the beginning. Albert Einstein went hand in hand in the fields of light, heat and electrophysics, and it was out of control. 1905 In April, Einstein completed a new method to determine the molecular size, and in May, he completed the movement of suspended particles in still liquid required by the theory of thermomolecular motion. These are two papers about Brownian motion. Einstein's purpose at that time was to determine the actual size of molecules by observing the irregular motion of suspended particles caused by the fluctuation of molecular motion, thus solving the problem of whether atoms exist in scientific and philosophical circles for more than half a century.

Three years later, French physicist Perrin confirmed Einstein's theoretical prediction with accurate experiments. This justifies the objective existence of atoms and molecules, which also makes ostwald, the German chemist who is most firmly opposed to the founder of atomism and energy theory, take the initiative to announce in 1908 that "the atomic hypothesis has become a scientific theory with a solid foundation".

1In June, 905, Einstein finished his long paper "On Electrodynamics of Transport Bodies" which initiated a new era in physics, and put forward the special theory of relativity completely. This is the result of Einstein's brewing and exploration in 10, which largely solved the crisis of classical physics at the end of 19, changed the space-time view of Newtonian mechanics, exposed the equivalence of matter and energy, and created a brand-new world of physics, which is the greatest revolution in the field of modern physics.

Special relativity can not only explain all phenomena that classical physics can explain, but also explain some physical phenomena that classical physics can't, and predict many new effects. The most important conclusion of the special theory of relativity is that the principle of conservation of mass has lost its independence and merged with the law of conservation of energy, so that mass and energy can be transformed into each other. Others include the slow scale of the clock, the constant speed of light, the zero rest mass of photons and so on. Classical mechanics has become the limit case of relativistic mechanics at low speed. So mechanics and electromagnetism are unified on the basis of kinematics.

1905 In September, Einstein wrote a short article, is the inertia of an object related to the energy it contains? ",as an inference of relativity. Mass-energy equivalence is the theoretical basis of nuclear physics and particle physics, and it also paved the way for the release and utilization of nuclear energy in the 1940s.

In this short period of six months, Einstein's breakthrough achievements in science can be said to be "unprecedented". Even if he gave up physics research, even if he only accomplished any of the above three achievements, Einstein would leave an extremely important mark on the history of physics development. Einstein dispelled the "dark clouds in the clear sky of physics" and ushered in a more brilliant new era of physics.

Exploration of general relativity

After the establishment of the special theory of relativity, Einstein was not satisfied and tried to extend the application of the principle of relativity to non-inertial systems. He found a breakthrough from Galileo's discovery that the acceleration of objects in the gravitational field is the same, and put forward the equivalence principle in 1907. This year, Minkowski, his university teacher and famous geometer, put forward the four-dimensional spatial representation of special relativity, which provided a useful mathematical tool for the further development of relativity. Unfortunately, Einstein didn't realize its value at that time.

The discovery of the principle of equivalence was regarded by Einstein as the happiest thought in his life, but his later work was very hard and he took a big detour. 19 1 1 year, he analyzed the rigid rotating disk and realized that Euclidean geometry in the gravitational field was not strictly effective. At the same time, it is found that Lorentz variation is not universal, and the equivalence principle is only effective in an infinitesimal region. At this time, Einstein already had the idea of general relativity, but he still lacked the necessary mathematical foundation to establish it.

19 12, Einstein returned to his alma mater in Zurich. With the help of his classmate Grossman, a professor of mathematics at his alma mater, he found a mathematical tool to establish general relativity in Riemannian geometry and tensor analysis. After a year of hard cooperation, they published an important paper "Outline of General Relativity and Gravity Theory" in 19 13, and put forward the gauge field gravity theory. This is the first time to combine gravity with scale, which makes Riemann geometry have real physical significance.

However, the gravitational field equation they got at that time was covariant only for linear transformation, and it was not covariant under any coordinate transformation required by the principle of general relativity. This is because Einstein was not familiar with tensor operation at that time, and mistakenly thought that as long as the conservation law was observed, the choice of coordinate system would be limited, and in order to maintain causality, the requirement of universal covariation would be abandoned.

The second peak of scientific achievements

The three years from 19 15 to 19 17 were the second peak of Einstein's scientific achievements, similar to 1905, and he also made historic achievements in three different fields. Except for the general theory of relativity, which is recognized as one of the greatest achievements in the history of human thought, it was finally established in 19 15. 19 16 put forward gravitational wave theory in radiation quantum, and 19 17 started modern cosmology.

19 15 After July, Einstein returned to the requirement of covariation after more than two years of detours. From June 19 15 to June 1 10, he concentrated on exploring new gravitational field equations. On June 165438+ 10/0/4,1kloc.

In the first paper, he obtained the universal covariant gravitational field equation satisfying the conservation law, but added an unnecessary restriction. In the third paper, according to the new gravitational field equation, the deflection of light passing through the surface of the sun is calculated to be 1.7 arc seconds, and the precession of Mercury's perihelion is calculated to be 43 seconds every 100 years, which completely solves a major problem in astronomy for more than 60 years.

In his paper Gravitational Field Equation on 19 1 15125 October, he gave up unnecessary restrictions on transformation groups, established a truly universal covariant gravitational field equation, and declared that general relativity was finally completed as a logical structure. 19 16 In the spring, Einstein wrote a summary paper "The Basis of General Relativity"; At the end of the same year, a popular booklet "On Special and General Relativity" came out.

19 16 In June, when Einstein was studying the approximate integral of the gravitational field equation, he found that a mechanical system would inevitably emit gravitational waves propagating at the speed of light when it changed, and thus put forward the gravitational wave theory. 1979, 24 years after Einstein's death, the existence of gravitational waves was indirectly proved.

19 17 years, Einstein used the achievements of general relativity to study the space-time structure of the universe and published a groundbreaking paper, "A Survey of the Universe Based on General Relativity". This paper analyzes the traditional concept of "the universe is infinite in space" and points out that it is incompatible with Newton's theory of gravity and general relativity. In his view, the possible way out is to regard the universe as a closed continuous area with limited space volume and infer that the universe is infinite in space with scientific arguments. This is a bold pioneering work in human history, which makes cosmology get rid of pure speculation and enter the field of modern science.

A long and difficult exploration

After the completion of the general theory of relativity, Einstein still felt dissatisfied, so he wanted to extend the general theory of relativity to include not only the gravitational field, but also the electromagnetic field. He believes that this is the third stage of the development of relativity, namely the unified field theory.

After 1925, Einstein went all out to explore the unified field theory In the first few years, he was optimistic that victory was in sight; It turned out to be a lot more difficult. He thinks that the existing mathematical tools are not enough. Exploration of 1928 to pure mathematics. He tried various methods, but he didn't get any results with real physical significance.

During the 30 years from 1925 to 1955, except for the completeness of quantum mechanics, gravitational waves and general relativity, Einstein devoted almost all his scientific creative energy to the exploration of unified field theory.

1937, with the cooperation of two assistants, he deduced the equation of motion from the gravitational field equation of general relativity, further revealing the unity of time and space, matter and motion, which was a major development of general relativity and the last major achievement Einstein made in scientific creation activities.

He never succeeded in the same theory. He never gets discouraged and always starts from scratch with confidence. Because he was far away from the mainstream of physics research at that time, he went alone to overcome the problems that could not be solved at that time. So contrary to the situation in the 1920s, he was very isolated in physics in his later years. However, he is still fearless and unswervingly follows his own path. Until the day before his death, he was still in his hospital bed preparing to continue his mathematical calculation of the unified field theory.

The style of the greatest scientist

Einstein won many awards and honorary doctorates for his achievements in science. If the average person would hang these things high. But Einstein put everything on it, including the Nobel Prize certificate, in a messy box without looking. Neifield said that he sometimes felt that Einstein might not even know what the Nobel Prize meant. It is said that on the day of receiving the award, his expression was as calm as usual, and he did not show any special happiness or excitement.

Einstein lived in Switzerland as a teenager and lived as a poor student. He doesn't ask much about material life. He was satisfied with a plate of spaghetti with a little sauce. After becoming famous, he became a professor and later immigrated to the United States to escape Nazi persecution. He has the conditions to live a good material life, but he still lives a simple and simple life like a poor student.

When Einstein came to work at the Institute of Advanced Science in Princeton, the authorities offered him a fairly high salary-annual salary 16000 US dollars, but he said, "Can you give me less money?" Give me three thousand dollars is enough. "

Einstein didn't pay attention to his clothes either. He wore a black leather coat, and for many years he didn't wear socks or a tie. His trousers sometimes wore neither belts nor suspenders. When he was discussing with others in front of the blackboard, he wrote on the blackboard and pulled his pants with his hands as if they were going to slide down. This situation is a bit funny, but his hair is long and unadorned. This is amazing for students of such an aristocratic institution as Princeton University. No wonder they want God to tell him to cut his hair.

Einstein was a thrifty man. He writes on both sides of the calculation paper, and he cuts open many envelopes sent to him as calculation draft paper to prevent them from losing their reusable value before entering the wastebasket. Einstein often sits second and third class when he goes out, and usually only eats some simple food.

1In July, 909, Einstein was invited to attend the 350th anniversary celebration of the University of Geneva and the celebration in memory of Calvin, the founder of the University, and accepted the honorary doctorate awarded by the University of Geneva. In the celebration parade, school dignitaries and government officials all wore tuxedos, top hats, or medieval rusty golden robes and flat silk hats, while Einstein wore a suit he usually wore in the street and a straw hat. Einstein was very dissatisfied with the grand banquet held in this celebration. He said to the person sitting next to him, "If Calvin were alive, he would make a lot of firewood, because such a luxurious feast would burn us all to death."

Einstein himself once said, "Comfort and happiness have never been an end for me. I call these ethical foundations the ideal of swineherd ... ". He even refused to be placed in the upper class, but lived in a different position and was angry at the special care given to him by society.

Einstein is a person who cherishes time very much. He doesn't like social activities and parties. He once sarcastically said, "This is feeding time to the zoo." He is absorbed in his studies and doesn't want to waste precious time on meaningless social conversations. He doesn't want to hear flattery and praise. He believes: "A person who benefits the whole world with great creative ideas does not need to be praised by future generations. His achievements themselves have given him higher returns. " 1929 In March, in order to avoid celebrating his 50th birthday, a few days before his birthday, he secretly went to a gardener's farmhouse in the suburbs of Berlin to live in seclusion.

As a great master of science in the physics revolution, Einstein never considered himself a superman. He realized that the road he took was an extension of the road taken by his predecessors, and the new era of science was a reasonable development based on the work of his predecessors, so he always appreciated the contributions of his predecessors with gratitude and admiration.

When talking about the establishment of the theory of relativity, he said: "Relativity can really be said to be the last stroke of Maxwell and Lorenz's great thoughts, because it tries to extend field physics to all phenomena including gravity." Einstein wrote to friends who praised his achievements several times in his letter: "I am fully aware that I have no special talents: interest, single-mindedness, tenacious work and self-criticism have enabled me to reach my ideal state."

Concerned about the fate of all mankind.

Einstein loved science as well as human beings. He didn't isolate himself from society because he was immersed in scientific research. He always cared about human civilization and progress and fought bravely for it. He said, "One can only find the meaning of a short and risky life if he devotes himself to society", and he did it himself.

1914 In April, Einstein accepted the invitation of the German scientific community and moved to Berlin. In August, World War I broke out. Although he lived in the birthplace of war and was surrounded by war advocates, he firmly showed his anti-war attitude. In September, Einstein participated in launching the anti-war group "New Motherland Alliance". Although the organization was declared illegal and a large number of its members were arrested and persecuted and went underground, Einstein resolutely participated in the secret activities of the organization.