/kloc-American immigration tide in the 0/9th century, only a hundred years after its establishment, how to attract talents from all over the world?

If you open the Nobel Prize representing the highest academic level in the world, you will find that Americans seem to occupy half of the country, with 376 people. Presumably, before this, no one expected that this country, which was established just over 300 years ago, would not only become the only superpower in the world today, but also be a gathering place of top technology and academics. Are Americans born better than others? The answer is obviously not. When we look back at those talents who have made outstanding contributions to the United States, we will find that they are not native Americans at all (they settled in North America before the founding of the People's Republic of China). Most of them are high-end talents who immigrated to the United States in19th century and early 20th century, such as Einstein, nikola tesla, Drew Carnegie, Google founder sergey brin and cellist Yo-Yo Ma. The nine Americans who won the Nobel Prize in 2016th year are actually immigrants. So what exactly caused these top talents to flock to the United States? Is it the change of the world situation or the charm of the United States itself? When we analyze these factors, we may get some "powerful" experience from them. First of all, there is no denying that the whole world situation at that time really tended to the United States, which is what we call external factors. For example, Albert Einstein, the greatest physicist in modern history, was originally a German Jew, but he was characterized as "treason" by Germany because he signed the anti-fascist declaration drafted by Barbiser in 1927. This behavior of the German authorities not only led Einstein to become an American citizen resolutely in 1940, but even never set foot on his homeland again in his later life. This is the mid-20th century, that is, the anti-Semitic movement in Europe during World War II. In fact, as early as 19' s, Jews in Europe (especially in Eastern Europe) set off a wave of emigration to the United States in order to escape the anti-Semitic persecution of Russia and its neighbors, with a total number of more than 2 million. According to the records, at that time, the Jewish community registration office in new york needed more than 1500 pages just to compile the list of Jewish communities and institutions in this city. In other words, the war in Europe is the most objective factor that prompted a large number of people to emigrate to the United States to seek safety. In addition, non-Jewish Europeans also immigrated to the United States through various channels in the 1920s and 1930s, totaling three times. The first time was 1820 to18605 million; The second time is 1860 to 1890, * * *100000 people; The third time was from 1890 to 1930, reaching the peak of 22 million people. Just as Jews had to leave their homes because of the anti-Semitic movement, these European immigrants also had objective conditions to leave their homes and cross the sea. First of all, although Europe regained peace after the Napoleonic Wars, the demobilization of a large number of troops made unemployment sharp; Coupled with the rapid development of the industrial revolution, the whole of Europe has overcapacity, and a large number of unemployed people have also caused extreme social instability. For this reason, Engels said: The industrial revolution completely turned workers into simple extremes and deprived them of their last remaining freedom of independent activities. However, he forced them to think and fight for their due position. That is to say, although the rise of the industrial revolution greatly expanded the national strength of European countries, at the same time, social contradictions began to intensify and workers resisted seriously. For example,/kloc-In the early 9th century, "Luther Movement" and * * * Movement broke out in Britain for the purpose of destroying machines. German revolution in Germany; The February Revolution in France; Everyone thinks that machines take away their jobs and force them to become puppets of repetitive work. However, under the violent suppression of capitalists, these labor movements ended in failure one after another, and finally forced the working class to immigrate to the United States in droves. To sum up, under objective conditions, immigration to the United States can be summed up as avoiding war and looking for a new starting point in life. Of course, there is another unavoidable condition, and that is poverty. One of the most prominent examples is the immigration tide from China to the United States in the late Qing Dynasty. 1840 After the Opium War, the influence of the Qing Dynasty became weaker and weaker. In particular, in 1868, China and the United States signed the "Pu 'anchen Treaty", which stipulated that the Qing Dynasty and the United States were eager for people to go to various countries or wished to stay permanently or come and go at any time, and they could do whatever they wanted and could not be prohibited. Coupled with the discovery of gold mines in California at that time, a large number of Chinese went to mine gold, of which Guangdong was the most. According to the statistics of Oriental Magazine 1907, the number of Chinese workers in the United States at this time has exceeded 200,000, mainly concentrated in mining and railway repair. However, as mentioned at the beginning, it is certainly possible for ordinary people to immigrate to the United States to build the United States, but it seems unrealistic to ask them to contribute to the top technology in the United States. Among the outstanding immigrant talents in modern American history, they are not descendants of ordinary people who immigrated to the United States, but intellectuals who have made considerable achievements in their own country. For example, when nikola tesla joined American citizenship at 189 1, he admitted that he cherished American citizenship more than all his inventions. You know, Tesla became famous at this time, and it was definitely not because of poverty or refuge that he came to the United States. So what are the subjective conditions for these top intellectuals to form an immigration tide? As early as 1783, when Britain and the United States signed the Treaty of Paris and Washington became the first president of the United States, the United States became the first country in the world to advocate democracy, freedom and equality based on the separation of powers. At that time, the United States was actually formed according to the political system constructed by European enlightenment thought. Everything they do is to prevent the emergence of autocracy, limit centralization and balance power. To know that Washington announced the dissolution of the army as soon as he took office, in order to prevent the army from centralizing power, it is conceivable how much the entire American people hated authoritarian centralization at that time. These measures made the United States a beacon for enlightened intellectuals in Europe. Although we will talk about American democracy in a derogatory way now, you should think about the whole world environment at that time. At this time, China is at the turning point of prosperity, France is on the eve of the outbreak of the Great Revolution, and the whole of Europe is on the eve of the bourgeoisie's opposition to the feudal social system. At this time, the United States was born, which naturally attracted people with democratic ideals. In addition, the United States is vast and sparsely populated, and has the same roots as Europe. With the vigorous development of the western development, countless civilians, working classes and even unsuccessful nobles and intellectuals in Europe have taken the United States as a new starting point. At the same time, we can't ignore that because the United States is an immigrant country, there is no geographical discrimination against European whites (only whites). Anyone can get a lot of financial support here. For example, Tesla was supported by George Westinghouse, a capitalist and entrepreneur, which gave it enough capital to defeat Edison and win the most famous "power war" in the history of science. It can be seen from this that objective factors are indispensable to the development of the United States, but the subjective factors of the United States itself are the biggest reason why a large number of intellectuals and capitalists are willing to leave their homeland and settle in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century. And this situation will form a crowd effect, leading to more and more top talents pouring into a country, thus pushing up its strength in all aspects. Naturalization is never a bad thing.