Most rural houses in Turpan, Xinjiang, China have thick walls and small windows.

Always review the outline of the geographical ending of grade eight

Chapter has a vast territory,

1. From the eastern and western hemispheres, she is located in the eastern hemisphere, and from the northern and southern hemispheres, she is located in the northern hemisphere.

2. From the position of land and sea, the west coast is located in the east-central part of Asia Pacific.

3. From latitude, most of them are mid-latitude, belonging to the north temperate zone, and a small part is in the southern tropical zone, not cold? .

4. What is the land area of China? It covers an area of about 9.6 million square kilometers, ranking third in the world, second only to Russia and Canada.

5, China's land-based national boundaries, as long as more than 2, kilometers, with 15 neighboring countries.

6, China's mainland coastline is more than 18, kilometers long, and the six countries facing China across the sea, namely, Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia and Indonesia

7, extend from the north to the south Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the edge of the South China Sea in China.

8, Changlu Salt Field, the largest Bohai Salt Field in China, the East China Sea, and Zhoushan Fishing Field, the largest fishing ground in China.

countries with nine administrative regions are basically divided into provinces, counties and townships.

1, ***34 provincial administrative regions, including 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities directly under the central government and 2 special administrative regions.

on the 11th, China had a total population of 129.5 million, which is characterized by a large population base and rapid population growth.

12, in order to make the population increase, the same social, economic development, resources and environmental conditions, in order to adapt to our government's implementation of a set of family planning as a basic national policy.

13. The population distribution in China is uneven, and the population density in the east, especially in the southeast coast, is smaller, but in the west.

14, China's population demarcation line, Tengchong City, Heihe City, Heilongjiang Province.

15, the most populous province in China and the largest province in Xinjiang.

On 16th, among the 56 ethnic groups in China, the Han population was the largest minority in the most densely populated village.

on 17th, Korea was distributed all over the country, mostly in the east and the middle, and ethnic minorities were mainly distributed in the southwest, northwest and northeast.

18 people, distributed in a small community with large mixed characteristics.

2 The system of regional autonomy for ethnic minorities in China has established autonomous institutions, autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures, autonomous counties, ethnic townships and towns.

Chapter II Natural Environment

21 Mountains, plateaus, basins, eastern plains and hills in the western part of China. Topographic features: high in the west and low in the east, with enhanced distribution.

On the 22nd, the first step of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was located in the southwest, with an average elevation of 4, meters, which was called the roof of the world.

On 23rd, the dividing line of the first and second steps is the dividing line of Kunlun Mountain, Qilian Mountain, Hengduan Mountain, Daxing 'anling Mountain, Taihang Mountain, Wushan Mountain and Xuefeng Mountain.

24. Four plateaus: Loess Plateau, Inner Mongolia Plateau, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Yun? The plains of the four basins in your plateau, Sichuan Basin, Qaidam Basin, Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin, are: Northeast Plain, Northern China Plain and Yangtze River Basin.

25, the loess plateau with loose texture, serious lack of local vegetation coverage, soil erosion, criss-crossing gullies, the flat surface of Inner Mongolia Plateau, the extensive functional glaciers of the endless Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the bumpy surface of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.

26 Common natural disasters, mountain collapses, landslides and mudslides.

27. Pay special attention to the ecological environment when driving to the mountains.

On 28th, mountainous areas, including mountains, rugged highlands and hills, accounted for about 2/3 of the country's land area.

29. In winter, the temperature difference between the north and the south of China is large, and in summer, the temperature is generally high in most places.

3, the ℃ isotherm in January is roughly distributed along the Qinling-Huaihe line.

31st, the coldest winter in Mohe and the hottest place in Turpan in summer.

32, Chongqing, Wuhan and Nanjing, are known as the "three furnaces" in China.

33, divided by temperature, the main index of active accumulated temperature.

34, China is divided into five temperate zones, temperate zone, warm temperate zone, subtropical zone and tropical zone from north to south. It also has a high reputation and a vast plateau climate zone.

35, the annual total precipitation in China shows a downward trend, from the southeast coast to the northwest inland.

Tuokexun 36 in Turpan Basin, which is the most popular in Taiwan Province and has the least precipitation.

37, the contrast between local rainfall and evaporation reflects the humid climate.

38, the division of dry and wet areas is based on the degree of climate dryness and wetness in four dry and wet areas, semi-humid areas, semi-arid areas and semi-arid areas.

39, the main reasons for the large temperature difference are the north-south latitude of China, the winter wind

4, the dividing line between monsoon area and non-monsoon area, Daxing 'anling, Yinshan, Helan Mountain, bayan har and Gangdise Mountain.

42 monsoon rains's hot climate is the biggest advantage, but it will bring some cold waves, floods, droughts, typhoons and other bad weather.

43, the largest river in the Tarim River basin in China, where does the river mainly come from? From Queensland Dragon? Mountains and Tianshan mountains melt with ice and snow. The flowing river, the Yangtze River, mainly comes from the river? From natural precipitation.

44, the longest time in the world, the first man-made river dug was the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.

45, which flows into the Bohai Sea, bayan har, the birthplace of the Yellow River.

46, with the reputation of being bordered by the south of the Yangtze River, is the Ningxia Plain.

47, the boundary of the Yellow River estuary, the middle and lower reaches of the boundary.

48 The lower reaches of the Yellow River gradually rise and become an "overground river".

49, most of the sediment in the middle reaches of the Yellow River flows because the terrain flows through the Loess Plateau.

5 The Yangtze River, which originated in the Tanggula Mountains, enters the East China Sea. It is the longest and largest amount of water in China, and the rivers in the most extensive drainage area, the hydropower treasure house and the "golden waterway" say.

51, boundary, middle reaches, Yichang in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and boundary hukou in the middle reaches and lower reaches.

52. The hydropower resources of the Yangtze River are mainly concentrated in the upper reaches. Yibin is navigable in all seasons.

53, the Jingjiang reach, which is known as the "nine bends and ileum", has been treated and rectified.

54, the central plain and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the main tributaries above Yichang, Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake and the Hanjiang River in the north are the three main sources.

chapter natural resources

55, renewable resources, if used reasonably, and pay attention to protection and cultivation, will be able to realize the sustainable utilization of non-renewable resources, and we should cherish and save the use.

56, China's natural resources are characterized by rich total amount and less per capita.

57. According to the land use situation and land resources, it is divided into cultivated land, woodland, grassland and construction land.

58, China's per capita land resources are small, and the proportion of various land resources is reasonable, mainly the conflict between cultivated land, woodland and land, especially the reserve land resources and cultivated land, which is especially difficult to use.

59. The cultivated land and woodland in China are mainly distributed in the humid monsoon climate in the east, and the grassland is mainly distributed in the inland areas of the west, with an average annual rainfall of less than 4 mm.

6, man-made destruction, soil erosion, desertification, indiscriminate occupation of cultivated land resources.

61, the basic national policy of land resources, cherish and rationally use every inch of land and effectively protect cultivated land.

62, on the earth, water and ocean water account for 97% of the fresh water resources, accounting for 2.5%

63, the fresh water resources on the earth, the vast majority of polar and alpine glaciers, and most of the rest are deep groundwater. Rivers, lakes and shallow groundwater, which are freshwater resources used by human beings.

64, China's total water resources are lower than Brazil, Russia, Canada, the United States and Indonesia, ranking 16th in the world, and only 1/4 of the world average per capita.

65, from the time distribution, summer rainfall is concentrated in winter and spring, with little precipitation. Seasonal variation of annual runoff and effective supervision of dam with water measures;

66, from the south to the north of China, the water shortage is the most serious, especially in the north and northwest, which further aggravates the spatial distribution of water shortage in the north. An effective way to solve the imbalance of regional distribution of water resources is an inter-basin water transfer.

67. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project is to transfer the water from the Yangtze River to North China and Northwest China, which are seriously short of water.

68, China has a serious shortage of water resources, so it is particularly important to save water.

China's economic development, chapter 2

69, transportation is the "Depth Charge" of economic development.

7, the four famous "rice" in China, the history of Wuxi, Wuhu, Jiujiang and Changsha.

71. In all kinds of transportation lines, railway transportation is the most important means of transportation in China. In the province's Qinghai-Tibet Railway, Qinghai-Tibet Railway.

72. The quantity of precious stones or urgently needed commodities is not large, which is mainly controlled by air carriers.

73 Perishable or perishable articles are transported by road.

74, bulk cargo is bulky, and long-distance transportation, water transportation and railway transportation are generally selected.

75, agricultural production departments and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery.

76. Agriculture supports the national economy and the construction and development of basic industries in China.

There are 77 extensive natural grasslands in the western region, four pastoral areas in China, pastoral areas in Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Tibet.

78. Forestry is concentrated in the northeast, southwest and southeast. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the Asia-Pacific region of freshwater fishery in China.

The announcement of p>79 grain crops, rice and wheat, introduced the model of rice in the south and wheat in the north.

8, forming two major production fields of Yangtze rape Huanghuai peanut oil production.

81 sugar crops showed significant sweet distribution characteristics in northern Gansu.

82, cotton production is mainly concentrated in the north, forming three major cotton areas in southern Xinjiang, Yellow River and Yangtze River basins.

83 Industry is the leading industry of the national economy.

84, the open test area in Zhongguancun, Beijing is one of the earliest high-tech.

85, the main characteristics of high-tech industries. Proportion of professional, major scientific and technical personnel. 2。 Sales revenue accounts for a considerable proportion of research and development costs. Products are updated quickly.

86 "leading" industries of high-tech electronics and information.

87, a high-tech industry in China, relies more on major cities to open up China, showing the characteristics of large dispersion and centralized distribution.

88, according to the development of local agriculture, on the one hand, we should consider the differences of natural environment, on the other hand, we should consider the constraints of social and economic conditions.

1. What are the geographical advantages of China? P3

2, do you know the living customs of ethnic minorities? P17

3. What are the effects of topography, climate, river flow and traffic? P23

What measures should be taken to control the flood of the Yellow River in the middle and lower reaches?

our climate?

6, the mountain with favorable conditions and unfavorable conditions? P3

7 different temperatures and our production and life? P34

What are the effects of 8 different dry and wet areas on our production and life? P37

9, evaluate land resources, favorable conditions and unfavorable conditions? P67

1 Problems in China and Countermeasures for Agricultural Development? P15

on 11th, what are the geographical conditions for the eastern coastal developed areas to actively develop export agriculture? P17

12, the characteristics of high-tech industries? P113