What was the center of cultural exchange between China and the West in Ming Dynasty?

The center of cultural exchange between China and the West in Ming Dynasty was Guangzhou.

/kloc-in the 6th century, after the opening of the new seaway, the Portuguese occupied Malacca in 15 1 1, and they were more eager for contact with China. 15 13 the Portuguese king sent a mission to China and landed in Guangzhou, hoping to establish diplomatic relations with the Ming government.

Later, after several naval battles, Portugal was defeated. Ming Wuzong agreed that the Portuguese should set up foreign firms and build houses in Macao, and allowed them to come to Guangzhou for the winter every year. This is the first time that western countries have officially landed in China and contacted China.

At the end of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Shunshui (1600 ~ 1682) traveled eastward, which promoted the spread of Confucianism and the formation of water fights. The unique articles exchanged between China and Japan through frequent trade are extremely rich and colorful. The war of aggression launched by Toyotomi Hideyoshi unexpectedly provided channels for cultural exchanges between China, Japan and South Korea in some aspects.

In the South China Sea, kings from the Philippines, Malaya and Indonesia led courtiers to China in the Ming Dynasty, and a large number of China people moved to these areas, which was not available in the previous generation. Zheng He's seven voyages to the Western Seas and his arrival on the east coast of Africa were a major event in Sino-foreign trade and cultural exchanges (see Zheng He's voyages to the Western Seas).

European Jesuits came to the East to spread Catholicism, but at the same time they also brought scientific knowledge such as western astronomy and calendar, as well as surveying and mapping, machinery and other technologies. 1620, French Jesuit Genig (1577 ~ 1628) collected more than 7,000 works in western Europe, which provided a new source of knowledge for China. Matteo Ricci not only taught western scientific knowledge, but also introduced China's Confucianism to the west.

Extended data:

Cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries reached the Ming Dynasty. From the perspective of orientation, Japan, Korea in the East, countries in South Asia and Southeast Asia, and countries in the West as far away as Western Europe, official or private, have all had contacts, far exceeding the past. Political envoys, commerce, study, missionary work, immigration and even war all played a role. The exchanges in the Ming Dynasty involved many aspects of spiritual culture and material culture, and both China and foreign countries benefited a lot.

North Korea and Vietnam have long used Chinese characters as a tool for recording and expressing, and later began to create marks to express their own languages. Their symbol is the result of cultural exchange with China. North Korea issued the letter "Proverbs" in 1446, which is still in use today. The founder referred to China's phonology, and also referred to Ming scholars in the process of creation.

At the turn of the century 13 and 14, Vietnam used Chinese characters as materials and created its own word "Zinan" by using their word-forming methods, which was used until it was replaced by Latin letters.

At the same time, North Korea and Viet Nam still write history books in Chinese, and China literature is still loved by scholars from both countries. The four famous sentences in the Korean classical literary work Chunxiang Biography are from the poems of the Ming Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, there were frequent exchanges between Zen monks in China and Japan, and some of them served as heads of envoys. Sesshū Tōyō (1420 ~ 1506) entered Ming Dynasty to learn painting, and his works achieved great success.

Baidu encyclopedia-cultural exchange between China and foreign countries

Baidu Encyclopedia-Ming Dynasty (Chinese historical dynasty)