Hong, a hundred surnames.

Hong, the surname of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, is popular in Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan Province. Hong Hu, a native of Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty, moved to Xianyou, Fujian; In the Song Dynasty, Hong Zhong went to Fujian again. It is said that Hong Hao's grandson moved to Guangdong. Heavenly Kings of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Hong Xiuquan, Wang Xiaomei, Hong, Queen Mother of the West Hong Rengan, Hong Renfa, Hong Renda and Wang; The young kings of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Tianguifu Hong, Wang Ying Hong Quanfu and Hong Heyuan, were all from Huaxian County (now Huadu) in Guangdong Province. After the failure of the uprising, they fled to Nanyang and the United States.

Probe into the origin of Hong surname

Hong (h? Ng) Surnames come from:

Origin one

Originated from Xuanyuan, originated from Huangdi, and was named after the ancestors. According to the historical book "The History of Taoism", what was the imperial name of the ancient Yellow Emperor? Di Hong? Among its descendants, those who take the name of the ancestor emperor as their surname are called Hongshi.

In ancient times, Hong? 、? Hong? The word "Tong Jia" was synonymous with "Tong Jia", and was later mistakenly called "Shihong", which was passed down from generation to generation.

Liu Yuan 2

Originated from Jiang's family, the * * * worker after the ancient Yan Emperor Shennong belongs to the official name of the ancestor. According to the historical records Yuan He Xing Bian and Shang Shu, * * * * Gong is a descendant of the ancient Emperor Yan, and he managed the world's water conservancy in the Yellow Emperor's period and was honored as the water god. Description in history books:? * * * Work, snake face, Zhu Fa? It is a beautiful depiction of the apotheosis of workers. The activity center of Gugong clan is in the middle reaches of the big river (Yellow River) and the Yishui and Luohe river basins. According to ancient records, during the reign of Emperor Zhuan Xu, * * * began to compete with Zhuan Xu for the world, but failed. Legend has it that in a rage, * * * workers pushed down the mountains supporting heaven and earth in the northwest, causing the sky to fall and triggering the flood era, so they were expelled from the Central Plains.

* * * Gong's name is to prevent future generations from forgetting that he is a water god? ***? Add to the side? Hey? Put it aside, okay? Hong? The word "Hong" was left to future generations as a surname, so some of its descendants took it as their surname and passed it down from generation to generation. There are many people in the Hong family who respect * * * as the ancestor of Hong.

Liu Yuan 3

Originated from Ji surname

(1) People from the ancient Hongdong Kingdom in the Western Zhou Dynasty belong to the country name. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Wuwang and Ji Fa named his brother and Zhou Wenwang's illegitimate son Boqiao (Ji Gui) as Hou in Yeung Yi (now Changye and Hong Tong, Shaanxi Province), known as Yang Gui in history, and established Yang Houguo. Because of Yanghou, Hongdong (now Fancun, Quting Town, Hongdong, Shanxi) was built as the capital, and later called Hongdong Kingdom.

Among the descendants of the marquis of Yang, there is a surname named Hong, which has been passed down from generation to generation.

(2) As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, the second son of Zheng Wugong, the monarch of the State of Zheng, was named after his ancestors. * * * Uncle Duan is the second son of Ji DuDu. His mother Wujiang was frightened when her son Ji was born. From then on, she disliked the birth of her son and preferred her second son, Ji Shu. Therefore, she repeatedly asked Zheng Wugong Ji Shu to be a prince. Although Ji Shu was partly handsome, Zheng Wugong did not agree to change the crown prince. Zhou Pingwang Ji 1927 (Zheng Wugong 27 years, 744 BC), Zheng Wugong died, Ji Yusheng succeeded Zheng Zhuanggong. Duan fled to the small town * * * (now Huixian County, Henan Province) with sporadic followers, and had no capital to compete with his brother for the world. Zheng Zhuanggong spared the rebellious brother, let him live in * * *, and later died in Sri Lanka. History calls him Uncle Duan.

Among the descendants of Uncle * * *, there are those who take the ancestral surname as their surname, those with the surname of * * *, those with the surname of Jing and those with the surname of Duan. The descendants of the * * * family later avoided disaster? Hey? The radical was renamed Hong and passed down from generation to generation.

(3) From the Spring and Autumn Period, Dr. Lu was named after his father to celebrate his father. Qing Fu, whose real name is Ji * * * Zhong, is Lu Zhuang's younger brother. He often had an affair with Qi Huangong's daughter, Princess Ai Jiang, and relied on his father's influence to establish Qingfu as a monarch in private.

Among the descendants of Qingfu, there is a surname named * * * Zhong. After Qingfu was killed, they changed more to avoid a war. ***? For what? Hong? According to the single surname Hong, it has been passed down from generation to generation.

Origin four

People from ancient * * * countries belong to the name of the country. According to the history book Tongzhi? According to the genealogy, at the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, people surnamed Ji were made count in * * * (now Huixian County, Henan Province), called * * * Bo, and founded the country of * * *.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, * * * was destroyed by Wei. After the national subjugation, there are descendants and nationals of the * * * royal family who take the country name as their surname, plus? Water? The radical character is Hong, which has been passed down from generation to generation.

Origin five

Originated from the official position, from Hongzan, an official of the Northern Qi Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, belongs to the official title. Hongzan, also known as Hongzan, was a distinguished guest in the Qin Dynasty and a code of conduct in the Han Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Hongzan was changed to an official of the crack temple. During the Northern Qi regime in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was changed to Hongzan, who was the official of cracking the temple. Crack hon temple chief is crack hon temple qing, deputy chief is crack hon temple. Hongzan was in charge of propaganda and praise, and was renamed Hongzan in the Tang Dynasty according to the general meaning. This official was based in crack hon temple in later dynasties, and it was not until the late Ming dynasty that he was changed to assistant minister of rites.

Among Hongzan's descendants, there are those who take their ancestors' official titles as their surnames, which are called Hongshi in provincial language and passed down from generation to generation.

Liu Yuan

Originated from changing surname, which is taboo. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the northern Wei Wendi was named TaBaHong, and the northern Wei Emperor Xiaowen was named Justin. At that time, the macro (Hong) family in the north changed to homophonic Chinese characters to avoid taboo? Hong? Stone. According to the history book "A Study of Hundred Family Names", Zhang Yuhong's family (now Nanchang, Jiangxi) and Changzhou Hongshi's family (now Changzhou, Jiangsu) were taboo princes and Tang Lihong, and were renamed homophones? Hong? Stone.

According to the history book "The Origin of Surnames", there are two clans, Liu Hongchang and Liu, who changed their homophones to avoid their father Zhao? Hong? Stone.

Origin seven

Originated from Mongols, it belongs to Chinese culture and changed its surname to surname. According to Records of the History of Qing Dynasty? Team strategy? Mongolian Eight Banners Surname "records:

(1). The Mongolians, namely the Honggeruote family, also known as the Huangguoluote family and the Huangwuluote family, live in Hexigten Banner (now Hexigten Banner, Inner Mongolia). Later, Manchu was introduced as the surname, and Manchu was Hongelot Hara. After the middle of Qing Dynasty, the surnames of Duoguan Han nationality were Hong and Huang.

⑵. Mongolian Wulan people live in Hulunbeier (now Hulunbeier League, Inner Mongolia) and Heilongjiang River Basin. Later, Manchu was taken as the surname, and Manchu was Ulan Hara, which means Chinese? Red? . After the middle of Qing Dynasty, the surnames of the Han nationality in Duoguan were Hong and Hong.

(3) The Mongolian Li Hongji family, also known as the Li Hongyi family, originated from the Mongols' Hongji Prickly Department in the Yuan Dynasty and lived in Wula (now Yongji, Jilin) and Yilanfeir Taha Village (now Fuyu Taha Village, Heilongjiang). Later, Manchu was taken as the surname, and Manchu was Hongjirihara. After the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Han surname was called Hong.

Yuanliuba

Originated from the Hui nationality, it belongs to sinicization and changed its surname to surname. Hongshi, a Hui nationality, was a Hui nationality who entered the Central Plains during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties. In order to follow the custom of China people, he borrowed Chinese characters with similar pronunciation as his surname. According to the document "Lin Qing Hong Family Tree", the ancestor of the Huihe Hong family was a minister of the Yuan Dynasty. Shan Siding? His descendant, Hong Badan, is the ancestor of the Hui people's Hong family. Was the ancient western region (now Uzbekistan) red? Shan Siding? Umar (say? Chams-Eddine? Omar, Said chams Al-Din? Umar), in Genghis Khan's Western Expedition, led more than a thousand riders to meet the surrender, and then followed the Great Khan's Western Expedition, making great contributions. Later, after returning to the Central Plains, he became a financial official in the Yuan Dynasty, and later became a political official in Pingzhang, Yunnan Province. Hong Badan is a descendant of Shan Siding, who once taught as a great imam of the Hui nationality. His descendants are famous for homophonic Chinese characters. Hong? For the Han surname, it is passed down from generation to generation. Whether Hong Badan is the grandson of Shan Siding needs further detailed textual research. His place of survival and reproduction in Linqing, Shandong Province is called Hongguanying (now under the jurisdiction of Laoguanzhai, Linxi County, Hebei Province), which is very famous.

The descendants of Humbadan built the Muslim North Temple, which is known in history? Hong jiasi? It was built with the donation of silver from Hongshi family of Hui nationality in Linqing, Shandong Province, which is evidenced by the inscription of historic sites. The temple has been listed as one of the top ten mosques in China, ranking seventh, with spectacular scale and architecture.

Liu Yuan 9

Originated from Manchu, it belongs to Han culture and changed its surname to surname. According to Records of the History of Qing Dynasty? Team strategy? Manchu eight banners surname, "eight banners" records:

(1). The Manchu surname originated from Huoyu Department, the Nuzhen of Jin Dynasty, with Bu as the surname and Hala as the Manchu language, and lived in Hongyangzigou (now Rujigou, Helan Mountain, Ningxia). It is one of the oldest surnames of Manchu, and later Han surnames are Hong and Hong.

(2) The Manchu Red-fronted people, also called Red-fronted Hala in Manchu, take the land as their surname and live in Nimacha (now Ussurisk, Russia, the other side of Muling Xingkai Lake in Heilongjiang), Yehe (now Pear Tree in Jilin), Hada (now Xiaoqing River Basin in Xifeng, Liaoning), Bodun (now Songyuan, Jilin), Changbai Mountain and other places. Later, the Han surnames of Duoguan were Honge and Hubei.

(3) Hong Zhou's family of Manchu, also known as Guo Hong's family, originated from Wangjiabu, an ancient Shatuo Turk in the Tang Dynasty. In the Jin Dynasty, it was called Nuzhen Huangbu, surnamed Bu, and it was called Honggonghala in Manchu, which was Chinese. Hey? , living in Chaharcha (now the Breya River basin in Russia on the north bank of Heilongjiang), Wula, Jilin (now Yongji Wula Street in Jilin to Huifa River estuary in Lafa River basin of Shuangyang County) and other places, is one of the oldest surnames of Manchu, and the Han surnames are Hong and Huai.

(4) Manchu JJ Hpmg, whose Manchu language is Hongjiyahala, was originally Han nationality. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was taken by the Wuhuan Department of Xianbei in Liaodong and merged into Xianbei nationality. Later, it gradually evolved into Jurchen in Liaodong, living in Wula (now Yongji, Jilin) and Changbai Mountain. Later, many Han surnames were Hong, Hong and Guan.

5]. Manchu Hongluoshi, also known as Hongluoshi, Houle, Huoluoshi and Hong Ke Luoshi, is called Hongluohala in Manchu and lives in Songhua River Basin. Later, many Han surnames named He and Shi appeared.

[6]. The Manchu Hongdali family, whose Manchu language is Hongdali Hara, lives in Galaku (now the west bank of Hilden River in Xinbin, Liaoning, which is called the southeast of Fushun, Liaoning), and its Chinese surname remains to be verified.

(7) The Manchu Hongechun family, also known as Hongechun family and Hongezhuo family, is called Hongechun Hala in Manchu, and lives in Alatun, Han Yi (Alebajin, Nebuchadnezzar, Siberia, Russia), Yalan (Yalan River Basin, Russia), Suifenhe (Suifenhe upstream of China-Russia border) and Huifa (Liuhe, Huifa River and Shahe downstream of Jilin).

Being. Manchu Guo Hong Kistler, whose Manchu language is Hongguo Tshala, lives in Changbai Mountain area, and its Chinese surname remains to be verified.

Origin ten

Originated from Yugur nationality, it belongs to Han culture and changed its surname to surname.

The Hong family of Yugur nationality originated from Yugur family. In the early Ming Dynasty, in order to cater to the name of Zhu Yuanzhang, the ancestor of Ming Dynasty, the single surname of Chinese characters was changed to Hong.

Originated from the Korean nationality, it belongs to the Han family name change. In the Qing Dynasty, Koreans had the Hong family, which originated from four tribes:

(1) In the Tang Dynasty, Hong, a cultural envoy, settled in Koguryo, and was divided into thirteen schools from the twelfth generation of Sun, namely, Hong's family in Nanyang, North Korea.

(2) At the end of the 9th century, Wang Jian, the great ancestor of North Korea (reigned 9 18 ~ 943), took advantage of the decline of the Gong family of Silla King, and a Tang Dynasty man, Hong Kuifu, helped conquer this country. Because of his contribution to Haifeng County (the king of the county), he was the founding hero of Wang's North Korea, and later Haifeng County was called Hongzhou, belonging to the Hongshi family in Hongzhou, South Korea.

(3) During the reign of the Korean Emperor (PG One) (A.D. 12 13 ~ 1259), Hong Zhiqing, an envoy of the Song Dynasty, went to Korea, stayed in the National Studies Institute, and later lived in Pingshan, where he was the Hong family of Pingshan, North Yellow Sea Road.

(4) One of the courtiers in North Korea was Hong Lan, who was an ambassador in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, then stayed in North Korea as a courtier (history of rites), and later lived in Fuxi, Jilin Province, belonging to the Hongshi family.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a Korean Hong family merged into Sanwei and Manchu Eight Banners, and their surnames were brought back to China, which became the main source of the Korean Hong family today.

Origin eleven

Originated from other ethnic minorities, it belongs to Chinese culture and changed its surname to surname.

Today, there are still members of the Hong family in ethnic minorities such as Zhuang nationality and Tujia nationality. Most of their sources were changed to the Hong family name and Han family name in the policy of detention and the movement of changing the land to the stream promoted by the central authorities during the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, which was passed down from generation to generation.

The Migration and Distribution of Hong's Surname

Hong is a typical multi-ethnic, multi-source and ancient surname, ranking ninety-ninth in the current surname list, belonging to the big surname series, with a population of about 2.402 million, accounting for about 0. 15% of the total population in China.

The distribution and migration of Hong surname in history

After the formation of the surname Hong, the main activity areas were in Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and the population developed rapidly, which was related to the sinicization of the surname Hong of the Yue people in the southeast Yuanshan.

During the Song Dynasty, there were about 6.5438+0.9 million people surnamed Hong, accounting for about 0.24% of the national population. Ranked 75 th. The province with the largest number of Hong surnames is Jiangxi, accounting for about 43% of the total population of Hong surnames in China. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Fujian. These four provinces account for about 82% of the total population of Hong Kong, followed by Sichuan, Hebei, Henan and Guangdong. The whole country has formed a gathering area of Hong surname centered on Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Fujian.

During the Ming Dynasty, there were about 6.5438+0.7 million people surnamed Hong, accounting for 0.654.38+0.8% of the national population, ranking 96th. In Ming Dynasty, Zhejiang was the province with the largest surname of Hong, accounting for about 33% of the total population of Hong in China. The distribution in China is mainly concentrated in Zhejiang, Anhui and Fujian, accounting for 64% of the total population of Hong, followed by Jiangxi, Jiangsu and Hubei, where the surname of Hong is concentrated by 20%. During the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the overall distribution pattern of Hong surname changed greatly, and the population mainly migrated to the southeast coastal areas. Is Hong's surname in the center of China or in Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Fujian?

Population distribution and atlas of contemporary Hong surname

With a population of more than 2 million, Hong is the 99th surname in China, accounting for about 0. 16% of the national population. In the 600 years since the Ming Dynasty, the population of Hong increased from 6.5438+0.70 million to more than 2 million, an increase of nearly 654.38+0. 1 times, and the growth rate of Hong population was lower than that of the whole country. Since the Song Dynasty, the population growth rate of Hongjia has been declining during the period of 1000. Guangdong is the largest province with Hong surname, accounting for 14% of the total number of Hong surnames. The whole country has formed a distribution area with high surname ratio along the Yangtze River estuary and south to Hainan. In the past 600 years, the degree and direction of the flood population movement are not much different from those in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and they continue to emigrate from southeast to west and south. The schematic diagram of the distribution frequency of Hong surname in the crowd (see Figure 99) shows that it is found in Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangxi, most of Jiangsu and Anhui, eastern Hubei, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Qiong,

In most parts of Guangdong, southern Guangxi, eastern Yunnan, central Chongqing, northern Heilongjiang, central Jilin and northeastern Inner Mongolia, the proportion of Hong surname is above 0.22%, and the central region can reach 1.5%. This area accounts for about 65,438+06% of the total land area, and about 73% of the Hong people live in this area. In northern Jiangsu and Anhui, Lubu, western Guangdong, most of Sichuan, Chongqing and Guizhou, western Yunnan, southwestern Shaanxi, most of Liaoji and Hei, and eastern Inner Mongolia, the local population ratio is between 0. 1 1%-0.22%, and the coverage area accounts for 23.6% of the total land area. About 2 1% people surnamed Hong live in this area.