Will similar geological changes (earthquakes, etc.) occur? ) and reservoirs cause damage to cultural relics, tombs and ancient buildings? Why not dig and relocate?

This is divided into two aspects. One is unpredictable geological disasters, and the other is large-scale infrastructure projects that change geological landforms. There is no doubt that both have an impact on cultural relics. Everyone agrees to fully estimate the possible harm of various disasters to cultural relics and historic sites, but from the perspective of priority, it is obvious that inevitability is more urgent than "possibility", and it is actually impossible to do so, and there is far from enough energy to take care of those cultural relics and historic sites that may have hidden dangers of geological disasters. Cultural relics are also divided into two categories. One is movable cultural relics, and the state-owned ones are mainly kept in museums, cultural management offices and cultural relics warehouses. This category can be moved according to actual needs, and cultural relics are not affected. One is immovable cultural relics ("cultural relics"), including ancient cultural sites on the ground and underground, ancient tombs, ancient buildings, cave temples, stone carvings, modern historical sites and memorial buildings, historical and cultural blocks (villages and towns) that should be protected by the state, and original attached cultural relics. In principle, this kind of cultural relics must be protected in situ. Only when irresistible natural disasters occur or because of the needs of major national construction projects, relocation protection becomes the only effective way to protect them. Specific legal basis, such as the Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics: Article 20 The site selection of construction projects should avoid immovable cultural relics as much as possible; If it is unavoidable due to special circumstances, the cultural relics protection unit shall, as far as possible, implement in-situ protection. ..... The expenses required for site protection, relocation and demolition specified in this article shall be included in the construction project budget by the construction unit. Article 29 When carrying out a large-scale capital construction project, the construction unit shall report in advance to the cultural relics administrative department of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government to organize units engaged in archaeological excavation to conduct archaeological investigation and exploration of places where cultural relics may be buried within the scope of the project. Thirty-first where archaeological investigation, exploration and excavation are needed for capital construction and production and construction, the required expenses shall be included in the construction project budget by the construction unit. Specific examples of cultural relics protection: for example, the Wenchuan earthquake caused two world cultural heritages in Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi provinces, 145 national key cultural relics protection units, 285 provincial cultural relics protection units, 1000 municipal cultural relics protection units and a large number of cultural relics protection points to be damaged to varying degrees, and 152 museums, cultural management offices and cultural relics warehouses were damaged, among which the precious ones were. Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi provinces listed 294 post-disaster cultural heritage rescue and protection projects in the National Special Plan for the Construction of Public Service Facilities for Post-Wenchuan Earthquake Recovery and Reconstruction, which had been basically completed by the end of 20 12. For another example, there are countless cultural relics and historical sites in the flooded area that need to be protected in the Three Gorges construction. 1996 "planning for the protection of cultural relics and historic sites in the flooded and relocated areas of the three Gorges project" involves 1282 sites of cultural relics and historic sites in the three Gorges reservoir area, with planned cultural relics protection measures175 sites and planned cultural relics protection projects 1467 sites, with estimated expenditure1947 sites. The State Council Three Gorges Construction Committee finally approved 1087 protection projects, including 723 underground excavation projects (506 in Chongqing and 2 17 in Hubei). Among the 25 million square meters of underground cultural relics in the whole reservoir area, the planned excavation area is 6.5438+0.9 million square meters, accounting for only 8% of the total, and the remaining 92% of the cultural relics have to be abandoned. There are 364 ground cultural relics protection projects (246 in Chongqing, Hubei 1 18). Among them, 62 items are in-situ protection, 133 items are relocation protection, and 169 items are only extracted data. There are still more cultural relics that have not been included in the protection plan (the number and protection level of cultural relics have been deeply understood with the development of the discipline. When the Three Gorges cultural relics protection plan was formulated, only three batches were published by the national cultural relics protection units, and now it has been published to the sixth batch. If there are actually more cultural relics with higher value according to the later standards). From the official launch of 1997 to the end of 2002, the state has arranged more than 300 million yuan for the protection of cultural relics in the Three Gorges, which is not only extremely unreasonable, but also comes from the resettlement fee of 40 billion yuan. According to international practice, cultural relics protection accounts for 3%-5% of the total investment of infrastructure projects. When the National People's Congress approved the construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the total project budget had reached 654.38+02 billion, which should be 4 billion to 5 billion according to this calculation. Even in the case of extremely urgent funds, the Three Gorges Project has created an unprecedented large-scale rescue archaeological excavation in the world archaeological history. According to the normal work flow, it will take at least 50 years or even longer, but the Three Gorges Project will be impounded in 2003 and completed in 2009, and time waits for no one. Cultural relics workers from more than 70 cultural relics research institutes and universities across the country went to the Three Gorges reservoir area for cultural relics excavation and protection. More than 7,000 experts, scholars and professional technicians directly participated in the work, covering cultural relics, archaeology, architecture, geology, surveying and mapping, hydrology, water conservancy, shipping, transportation and other industries and disciplines, and more than 654.38 million migrant workers engaged in cultural relics excavation and protection projects.