How did the Israeli air raid on Gaza come about?

The historical origin of Israel and Arab countries! After reading it, you will know why!

In 70 AD, the Roman army occupied Jerusalem and destroyed the Jewish temple. In 135, the Jews were expelled from Palestine, and since then, they have been wandering for more than 800 years. From the day they were expelled from their homeland, the Jews never forgot to return to their homeland.

/kloc-at the end of 0/9, a large-scale anti-semitism wave appeared in Europe, and the Zionist trend of thought and movement rose accordingly. 188 1 year, Pinske, a Russian Jewish doctor, published the book "Self-liberation" and put forward the idea of establishing a Jewish nation-state. This book is regarded as the origin of Zionism. 1896, Hecl, a Hungarian Jewish lawyer, published The Jewish State, which put forward the idea of Zionism completely. In response to the slogan "Jews get out" that was everywhere in Europe at that time, he wrote: "I want to ask this question in the simplest form now: Are we going out now? Where to go? " "The sovereignty of a certain part of the earth should be granted to us, and its area is enough to meet the normal needs of a nation; The rest is up to us. " Hecl's works have aroused great repercussions among Jews, but there have always been differences among Jews about where this national homeland was built. They imagined South Africa and Argentina, seriously considered Uganda and voted for it. It was not until 1897 that the first World Zionist Congress was held in Basel, Switzerland, that it was finally defined as the cultural root in the eyes of Jews-Palestine.

This congress proposed that Jews should establish "a homeland (or country) recognized by the public and guaranteed by law". At the same time, the "World Zionist Organization" was established and began its activities. They organized Jewish immigrants to Palestine, where Arabs have lived for centuries, and established the Jewish National Fund and the Palestinian Land Development Corporation. The current Congress 1897 is considered to be the year when Jews began to put their dream of homeland into practice, and it is also considered to be the year when the Palestinian-Israeli dispute began.

From Balfour Declaration to Palestinian White Paper

During the First World War, Palestine was occupied by Britain and became a "mandated territory" of Britain after the war. 1917165438+12, British foreign secretary Belfo wrote to Rothschild, vice-chairman of the Zionist league, claiming that "Your Majesty's government is in favor of establishing a Jewish national state in Palestine and will do its utmost to promote its realization". This letter was later called the Balfour Declaration. On this basis, Jews began to immigrate to Palestine in large numbers. However, this move was strongly opposed by local Arabs in Palestine, who put pressure on Britain by means of riots and strikes to restrict Jewish immigration. The unrest lasted for three years. At the same time, Jews who had no livelihood under Nazi persecution continued to immigrate to Palestine in large numbers. By 1939, the total number of Jews living in Palestine had increased to 445,000.

During the period of 1936- 1939, Britain proposed to establish a Jewish state (much smaller in area than later designated by the United Nations) and an Arab state in Palestine, but the Arabs refused. 1939 in may, the British government was afraid of further arousing the resistance of Arab countries, so it took the initiative to show goodwill to Arab countries and put forward the so-called Palestinian white paper. The white paper proposes that in the next five years, only10.5 million Jews will be moved each year; Restrict Jews from buying Arab land, and prepare to gradually hand over Palestine to a local government with a majority of Arabs, under which Jews can exercise a high degree of autonomy. The Arab unrest has subsided, but it is obviously not an easy task to build trust between Jews and Arabs who strongly oppose it.

When the White Paper on Palestine was published, it was the day when European Jews struggled to find an oasis to live in to escape the Nazi Holocaust. In the Nazi Holocaust,13 of the Jews in the world were killed, and the total number of victims reached 6 million, leaving few Jews in Europe. Before Britain declared war on Germany, local Jews and trusteeship authorities refused to let persecuted German-Austrian Jews enter Palestine because of their adherence to the White Paper, and were on the verge of war. Violence is limited only based on hatred of German fascism. But in wartime, Jewish commandos never stopped destroying British facilities that intercepted illegal immigrants.

United Nations Resolution 18 1 and the Establishment of Israel

After World War II, hundreds of thousands of Polish Jewish prisoners liberated from Nazi concentration camps were homeless. They can't go back to their hometown, because at this time, there have been incidents of killing returning Jews in various parts of Poland; Except for a few Nordic countries, war-torn western European countries are unable to accommodate them; Even the United States, known as an immigrant country, is unwilling to open its doors. At this time, the only one who welcomes them with open arms is the Jewish community in Palestine. As Britain continued to adhere to the policy of the White Paper, the conflict between Jewish commandos and British trusteeship authorities escalated. Jews bombed roads and bridges, attacked camps where illegal immigrants were held and assassinated British officials.

This will be an unpopular war for Britain. At this time, Hitler's crime of killing 6 million Jews was gradually exposed, and international public opinion expressed sympathy for the Jews. It is really unreasonable to let those liberated Polish Jews continue to live in concentration camps. With the exposure of the secret documents of the Axis countries, Britain rejected Italy's proposal, and its decision not to approve the transfer of German and Austrian Jews to Palestine through Italy was also made public. Public opinion regarded Britain as an accomplice in the massacre of Jews. Under the pressure of international public opinion, Britain decided to get away from Palestine. 1947 February 15, Britain announced that it would hand over the hot potato of Palestine to the United Nations.

1947165438+1On 29 October, the second session of the United Nations General Assembly voted in favour of Palestinian partition with 33 votes in favor, 13 votes against (including 10 Islamic countries) and 10 abstentions. The resolution stipulates that Britain will end its mandated rule in Palestine and withdraw its troops before 1 August 9481; Two months later, two countries were established on the land of Palestine, namely, the Arab country and the Jewish country. According to the blueprint of partition resolution, the territory of Arab countries can reach 1 1203 square kilometers, accounting for about 43% of the total area of Palestine at that time. The population is 725,000 Arabs and 65,438+0,000 Jews. The land of the Jewish State is 14942 square kilometers, accounting for about 57% of the total area of Palestine. The population includes 497,000 Arabs and 598,000 Jews. The resolution also stipulated that the United Nations should establish and manage an international special regime for the city of Jerusalem. In order to be the ruling Labor Party for Israel, the Soviet Union changed the anti-Semitic attitude inherent in the Russian Empire, made great efforts for the founding of Israel, and gave diplomatic and military support to the establishment and consolidation of the State of Israel. Gromyko, Permanent Representative of the Soviet Union to the United Nations, delivered a touching speech at the United Nations General Assembly, which played an important role in the smooth adoption of resolution 18 1. However, Britain, which vowed to support the Jewish Restoration in the Balfour Declaration, abstained.

At that time, there were more than 65,438+200,000 Arabs in Palestine, accounting for more than two thirds of the total population. However, the territory of Arab countries in the partition resolution only accounts for 43% of the total area of Palestine. What makes Arabs unbearable is that the territory of Arab countries is fragmented and disconnected, and most of them are hilly and barren areas. The Jewish state is not like this. Although there are only 600,000 Jews, accounting for less than13 of the total population, their territory accounts for 57% of the total area of Palestine, and most of them are located in fertile coastal areas.

On the afternoon of May 1948, the square in front of Tel Aviv Museum of Modern Art was crowded with Jews. At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, Ben-Gurion, the "father of the founding of Israel" with a height of 1.6 meters, declared the independence of the State of Israel. Ben Gurion became Israel's first prime minister.

The news of the founding of Israel spread all over the world by radio waves, and most countries responded positively. 17 after Ben Gurion announced the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), White House Press Secretary Charlie Rose announced to reporters that the United States recognized Israel. The declaration of recognition of Israel was drafted by Americans before they knew the name of this new country. When he learned that the country was named "Israel", President Truman crossed out the word "Jewish State" in the proclamation and changed it to "Israel". 17 in may, the Soviet union announced its recognition of Israel.

The day after the founding of the People's Republic, the war broke out.

On May 1948, 15, the day after Israel announced its founding, Britain announced the end of its mandated rule over Palestine. On the same day, the armies of the Arab League countries Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and Jordan (renamed Jordan in 1950) successively entered Palestine. At the same time, the Arab League issued a statement declaring that Israel was in a state of war and the first Middle East war broke out. The history of this war is called "Palestinian War".

Different from the later Middle East war, Britain and the United States sided with Arabs in the Palestinian war because of their long-term strategic consideration of the Arab world. It was the Soviet Union that fully supported the founding of Israel. Czechoslovakia, which was under the control of the Soviet Union at that time, not only provided Israel with a lot of arms, but also provided Israel with a special airport, established an air corridor and trained the air force and paratroopers for Israel. During the war, several Jewish soldiers of the US Air Force in Europe risked being sent to a military court and stole three heavy bombers. After the airport in Czechoslovakia was filled with bombs, they took off to bomb Cairo and Damascus.

Due to the suspicion and internal discord between the Arab countries participating in the war, King Abdullah of Jordan and King Farouk of Egypt made their own calculations, which enabled Israel, which had only guerrilla strength, to take the initiative in the war. In mid-July, at the urging of Britain and the United States, Israel declared a ceasefire, but sporadic fighting continued until 1949. After the war, Palestine was divided into three parts: Israel occupied 78% of the total area of Palestine, exceeding the area of more than 5,700 square kilometers stipulated in the partition resolution; The West Bank is under the jurisdiction of Jordan; The Gaza Strip is under Egyptian jurisdiction. Nearly/kloc-0.00 million Palestinians were expelled from their homes and became refugees.

The failure of the first Middle East War made the neighboring Arab countries feel ashamed, and the revolutionary atmosphere was everywhere. 1949 In March, August and February, there were three coups in Syria. 1951July, King Abdullah and his son of Jordan were assassinated by Palestinian refugees. King Abdullah 18-year-old grandson Hussein survived because a bullet hit his grandfather's medal pinned to his chest. 1953, he succeeded to the throne of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. 1952 In July, Egyptian soldiers overthrew the Farouk dynasty, and Nasser, leader of the Freedom Officers Organization, became president in June 1956.

The armies of Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Iraq jointly attacked and the first Middle East war broke out. Of the more than 40,000 Arab troops, only 30,000 are guerrilla fighters, and there is no regular army. However, under the circumstances that the people tried their best to protect the new country, excellent guerrilla warfare also undermined the unified action of the Arab Coalition forces, forcing them to fight alone, and the selfishness of the Arab countries in seizing territory made it difficult for them to coordinate their command. The United States urgently suggested that the United Nations Security Council propose a truce, and the Soviet Union was also dissatisfied with the Arab countries' rash attack. On June 1 1, the Arab and Israeli sides agreed to cease fire for four weeks. With the timely help of Jews all over the world, the fighting capacity was quickly restored and the regular army "Israel Defense Forces" was formed. The Arab countries launched another attack on July 9, but the Israel Defense Forces have expanded to more than 60,000 people and are well equipped. In order to finally win the war. After the war, Israel not only recovered the territory allocated to it by the United Nations "partition" resolution, but also occupied most of the territory allocated to the Palestinians by the United Nations, accounting for 80% of the total area of Palestine.

The Second Middle East War, also known as Suez Canal War. Since the opening of 1869 Suez Canal, Britain has been in control for a long time, and most of the huge profits have fallen into the hands of British and French monopoly capital. 1956 On July 26th, the 4th anniversary of the victory of the Egyptian revolution led by Nasser, Nasser announced that he would take back the sovereignty of the canal and nationalize it. Unwilling Britain and France became angry from embarrassment and secretly planned to unite with Israel to regain control of the Suez Canal by force. The war broke out at the end of 1956 10, but both the United States and the Soviet Union were strongly dissatisfied with the actions of Britain and France. Under great pressure, Britain and France had to declare a cease-fire on June 6, 165438+, and completely withdrew from Egypt on February 6, 65438, thus returning to the position before the cease-fire line in the first Middle East war. Egypt finally won the war.

The third Middle East War, also called "Six? Five wars. " 1On June 5, 967, Israel launched a large-scale raid on Egypt, Syria and Jordan. After careful calculation, reconnaissance and preparation, all the 196 planes available to the Israeli army took off, and nearly 200 planes in Egypt were quickly bombed by using superb technologies such as ultra-low altitude flight. Egypt lost its air superiority and attacked with troops. The war ended quickly after six days, and it was also called the "Six-Day War" in history. Due to the chaotic tactics of Israel and the strategic and tactical mistakes of the armies of Egypt and other countries, Albania suffered heavy losses, including more than 560 planes and 820 tanks, 60,000 casualties and more than 400,000 people fled their homes. Only 6 1 chariot was lost, and more than 3 100 people were killed or injured. In order to seize 65,000 square kilometers of land in the Gaza Strip, the Egyptian Sinai Peninsula, the Syrian Golan Heights and the West Bank, the territory has tripled. 1967 The United Nations Security Council adopted resolution 242, demanding that Israel withdraw its troops from the occupied territories, but refused to implement the United Nations resolution. Although Israel has won a military victory, the opposition between Israel and Arab countries has deepened, and the hope of peace between the two sides is even more bleak.

The Fourth Middle East War is also known as the October War, Yom Kippur War and Ramadan War. After Sadat came to power, he was deeply impressed by the power of the sudden attack and decided to fight back in the same way. In order to confuse Israel, Albania successfully implemented deception tactics. 1973 10 10 On 6 October, Egypt and Syria, with the support of Palestine and other Arab countries, launched a war to recover their lost territory against Israel. During the war, the Egyptian army crossed the Suez Canal and successfully destroyed the boasted solid defense line-the "Balaf Defense Line". The leading Egyptian Air Force dispatched 240 planes from 30 airports at the same time and rushed to the Israeli position on the other side. In 20 minutes, more than 90% of Israeli military targets in Sinai Peninsula were destroyed, and Egypt lost only five planes. This achievement strongly supported the ground forces, destroying more than 400 Israeli tanks and armored vehicles before and after. The Syrian army once attacked Lake Galilee, an important fresh water supply in the north. However, Sharon, the current prime minister, gave orders at a critical moment and showed excellent command ability. He led some troops to storm and cross the Suez Canal, commanded the troops to move on, cut off the connection between the Egyptian army and the rear, opened the door to Cairo, and won the initiative in the war. At the same time, Albania was forced to stop fighting on June 25, 65438/KLOC-0 due to the intervention of superpowers and the great assistance of the United States to Israel. Albania has won some victories, but most of the occupied territories are still controlled by Israel. 1974, the un security Council adopted resolution 338, reaffirming that Israel should abide by resolution 242 and withdraw its troops from the occupied territories, but Israel refused to implement the resolution. However, the fourth Middle East War made both Arab and Israeli sides fully realize that it is impossible to destroy each other by means of war, and Arab leaders turned to realistic thinking and began to consider the road to peace. Israeli leaders have also begun to consider the idea of giving up some occupied land in exchange for peace. This paved the way for Egypt and Israel to formally sign a peace agreement and establish diplomatic relations in March 1979.

It should be pointed out that in 1982, in order to crack down on the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) operating in Lebanon, Israel mobilized a large number of troops to launch a large-scale attack on Lebanon, which severely damaged the PLO led by Arafat and dispersed it to other Arab countries. Israel occupied southern Lebanon and established the so-called "security zone" (the United Nations adopted resolution 425, demanding that Israel withdraw its troops from southern Lebanon, and in May 2005, the Barak government of Israel implemented the resolution to withdraw its troops from the security zone in southern Lebanon), which was called the Lebanon War in history, and it was also called the "Fifth Middle East War". However, the overall scale and scope of this war is far smaller than the previous four Middle East wars.

After five rounds of peace talks, it is difficult to go.

The Camp David talks between Egypt, Israel and the United States opened the first Middle East peace talks. 1978 In August, with the direct participation of American President Carter, Egyptian President Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Bei Jing held talks on the peaceful settlement of the Middle East issue at Camp David, a resort near American President Washington. After the talks, Egypt and Israel signed two documents, namely, the Outline for Achieving Peace in the Middle East and the Outline for Signing a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel, namely, the Camp David Agreement. The agreement confirmed that the basic document for resolving the Middle East issue is Security Council Resolution 242. The main contents of the former include: during the five-year transition period, Palestinian residents in the West Bank and Gaza will exercise autonomy and set up an autonomous government to take charge of security; Allow troops to be stationed in designated places; Within five years, Egypt, Israel and Jordan will discuss and decide the ownership of these two places with local representatives of the Palestinian people. The latter stipulates that the sovereignty of Sinai Peninsula belongs to Egypt, and Egypt and Israel will sign a peace treaty within three months. Within three to nine months after the signing of the peace treaty, Egypt and Israel will establish diplomatic relations by withdrawing from parts of Sinai; Within two to three years after the signing of the peace treaty, we will completely withdraw from Sinai. After the signing of the agreement, Egypt and Israel will withdraw from Sinai in stages and establish diplomatic relations. However, due to its stubborn stance, the Middle East peace program has not been implemented. Most Arab countries opposed the Camp David Agreement and Egypt was once isolated. Sadat was assassinated in 198 1 10.

From the Madrid and Oslo agreements. 199110 In October, under the auspices of the United States and the Soviet Union, the Arab-Israeli Middle East Peace Conference was held in Madrid, and then moved to Oslo, Norway, for 14 rounds of secret talks. After the mediation of US President Bill Clinton,1September, 1993, Palestine and Israel secretly reached a settlement agreement in Oslo, Norway, that is, the Oslo Agreement. In order to take care of the mediation role of the United States, Israeli Prime Minister Rabin and PLO Executive Committee Chairman Arafat signed the Declaration of Principles on Self-government in the Gaza and Jericho in Washington, which stipulated that Palestine would first implement self-government in the Gaza and Jericho, and the two sides recognized each other, which was a major breakthrough in the peace talks. 1On May 5, 1994, the long-awaited five-year Palestinian autonomy began. Although the Oslo Accords only outlined the general framework of comprehensive Palestinian-Israeli reconciliation, it opened a new starting point for peace talks after all, and the negotiation atmosphere after that was generally good. 1995, Palestine and Israel signed the Taba Agreement, which is the second stage of the Oslo Agreement, also known as the Transitional Agreement between the West Bank and the Gaza. However, in June 5438+0995165438+10, Prime Minister Rabin was assassinated at the critical moment of the Palestinian-Israeli peace talks, and the Middle East peace process suffered a heavy setback. After Benjamin Netanyahu, the leader of the hardline Likud Party, came to power in the general election in June, the Middle East peace process was deadlocked.

In 2000, the United States and Israel held Camp David talks. 1In May 1999, Barak was elected Prime Minister. He expressed his commitment to comprehensively launching the Middle East peace process. In September of the same year, Palestine and Israel signed the Sharm el-Sheikh Agreement, but the contents of the agreement were not implemented. In order to promote a breakthrough in the peace talks at a critical moment, in July 2000, Clinton, whose term of office was coming to an end, called Prime Minister Barak and Palestinian President Arafat to Camp David in an attempt to follow President Carter's example and promote a package solution to the Palestinian-Israeli issue. In order to prepare for unprecedented huge concessions, Gaza promised to return all the land in the Gaza and 96% of the land in the West Bank, and the remaining 4% also made corresponding compensation. At this critical juncture, Egypt warned Arafat that he had no right to make decisions on major issues involving Arab national interests, such as Jerusalem. Arafat was frightened by the warning and hoped to make greater concessions, but failed to sign the agreement in the end. The meeting did not reach any written agreement, but during the meeting, the parties further clarified their respective bottom lines on several major issues such as the status of Yecheng, the return of Palestinian refugees, and the border, which was conducive to the continued advancement of the negotiations. Just as the negotiations entered a critical moment, on September 28th, 2000, Sharon, leader of Likud Group, forcibly "visited" Islamic holy sites in Jerusalem, which triggered a large-scale bloody conflict. At the beginning of 200 1, Bush and Sharon came to power one after another, and the Middle East peace process took a turning point.

Peace talks on the road map plan. When the United States, Russia, Europe and the United Nations held an international conference on the Middle East in June 5438+February 2002, the "road map" plan for peace in the Middle East was finally finalized. In April 2003, the United States officially announced the contents of the plan. On June 4, 2003, the Palestinian-Israeli-American summit held a tripartite meeting in Aqaba, Jordan, and officially launched the "road map" plan. The "road map" is mainly divided into three stages: the first stage (from the date of publication to May of that year), the two sides achieved a ceasefire; Pakistan will crack down on terrorist activities and carry out comprehensive political reforms; Israel withdrew from the Palestinian territories occupied after September 1 1 2000, frozen settlement construction, dismantled the settlements established after March 5438+0, 2006, and took all necessary measures to bring the life of the Palestinian people back to normal. The second stage (from June 2003 to June 6+February 2003) is a transitional period, focusing on the establishment of a Palestinian state with temporary borders and sovereignty signs at the end of 2003. In the third stage, the final status negotiations between Palestine and Israel will be completed, and an agreement to establish a Palestinian state will be reached in 2005. The Palestinian and Israeli prime ministers also held several bilateral meetings. However, many serious bloody conflicts between Palestine and Israel have stranded the "road map" plan. In 2004, with the implementation of the "unilateral action" plan and the "targeted killing" action, a power struggle also took place within Pakistan. 165438+ 10 In June, after Arafat's death, the transfer of power in Palestine was basically smooth.

Palestinian-Israeli summit since 200 1. In June 5438 +2005 10, Abbas won the Pakistani general election with a high vote. On February 8, 2005, Palestinian President Abbas and Israeli Prime Minister Sharon held their first historic meeting in four years in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, with the behind-the-scenes mediation of the United States and the direct mediation of Egypt and Jordan. The two sides reached a ceasefire agreement and formally ended the violent conflict between Palestine and Israel. The ceasefire agreement was immediately and widely welcomed, because most people fully realized that violence could not solve the problem. Since September 2000, more than 654.38 million Israelis and more than 3,300 Palestinians have died. On March 1 day, the London International Conference in Support of Palestinian Reform was held. In June, the Israeli-Palestinian summit met for the second time, but no results were achieved, and both sides were unwilling to compromise.

Six types of reasons hinder peace talks

It involves a series of key issues such as the return of refugees, the demarcation of borders, the final status of Jerusalem, the demolition of settlements, and the distribution of water resources. Palestine and Israel have always been fighting on their own, and they are all thorny issues that hinder the complete breakthrough of Palestinian-Israeli peace talks. There are strong opposing and containing forces between Palestine and Israel, the United States, the Arab world and other relevant parties. Under the influence of hard-line forces from both sides, it is difficult for Sharon and Abbas to make substantive compromises, and the situation between Palestine and Israel may be tense again at any time.

First, boundary demarcation and water resources allocation. The Palestinian side insists on strictly implementing the Oslo agreement and the road map plan in accordance with UN resolutions 242 and 338 and taking the pre-war Palestinian-Israeli border line 1967 as the standard. Unilateral planning can only be a process, which is a part of the road map plan and the Oslo agreement, but not the whole. In Sharon's view, the most Israeli hope is to smoothly implement the "unilateral action plan", that is, to return all the Gaza and about 50% of the land in the West Bank, which is about half less than the territory actually claimed by the Palestinians. As early as the Camp David negotiations in 2000, then Israeli Prime Minister Barak promised to transfer 96% of the land in the West Bank, but Arafat did not sign it for fear of domestic pressure and opposition from some Arab powers. At present, the scope delineated by the "unilateral plan" has been basically controlled by the separation wall, which has caused a fait accompli. Therefore, it is even more impossible for Abbas to sign the agreement on the land return ratio promised by Sharon, and Abbas has repeatedly said that it will not make more concessions and compromises than Arafat. In addition, fresh water in Palestine is as expensive as oil. In order to ensure the supply of fresh water resources in the future, Palestine and Syria have always demanded the right to supply fresh water.

Secondly, the return of Palestinian refugees. The return of more than 4 million Palestinian refugees has almost always been an insurmountable key in the Palestinian-Israeli peace talks. Israel is afraid that the proportion of Jews and Palestinians will change subversive after Palestinian refugees return to the occupied territories, so it insists on resettling Palestinian refugees in host countries for compensation, which actually deprives them of their right to return. This is what Pakistan has always refused.

Third, the issue of Jewish settlements. The "unilateral action plan" will withdraw all the settlements in the Gaza Strip and some small settlements in the West Bank, but will not withdraw many important settlements in the West Bank, but will continue to build settlements in the West Bank to accommodate the Jews evacuated from the Gaza Strip, which has aroused strong dissatisfaction from the Palestinian side.

Fourth, the issue of Jerusalem. As the religious shrines of Jews and Arabs, both sides have their own tough stance. Although the city is actually controlled, Palestinians and Arabs have been demanding their due territorial and religious rights.

Fifth, both Palestine and Israel are facing opposition. Hamas and other Pakistani militant groups have changed their fighting methods and strategies, but their national liberation goals will not change much. They may continue to attack Israel at any time in the future, and once the attack continues, they will often undermine the peace talks, thus repeatedly demanding that Pakistan must strengthen its crackdown. There are also powerful political factions and figures in the Israeli cabinet and parliament who oppose peace talks and concessions. In the coalition government, the Jewish Bible Union strongly opposes making concessions to Palestine, while the Likud Group advocates conditional negotiation. There are still many anti-peace factions in Parliament, such as the Immigrant Party and Shas Party. Most of the more than 200,000 settlers oppose the demolition of settlements, and their mobility is very high. Sharon himself is very tough, and the peace he seeks must be conducive to safeguarding vested interests and security. But even so, there are still Israeli far-right elements threatening to kill Sharon.

Sixth, external factors have limited influence. The Bush administration began to step up mediation in the Palestinian-Israeli peace talks and promised to provide substantial financial assistance to Palestine. However, these measures of the United States are conditional, requiring the Palestinian side to vigorously carry out democratic reforms and crack down on radical anti-Israel forces, and the US policy of favoring Israel will not fundamentally change. In the face of the complicated situation in the Middle East, the degree and duration of the Bush administration's attention to the Palestinian-Israeli issue in the future are still in doubt. On the surface, Arab countries are deeply anxious about the tension between Palestine and Israel, but in order to seek American assistance and show their influence in the Middle East, some countries are unwilling to completely solve the problem as soon as possible. In recent years, the efforts and influence of Europe and the United Nations to promote peace on the Palestinian-Israeli issue have been increasing, but their influence on the Palestinian-Israeli peace talks is still limited, and the United States does not allow its intervention to affect the role of the United States.

Although the Palestinian-Israeli peace talks are still facing endless turmoil, in any case, people hope that all parties concerned will increase their efforts and take practical measures to overcome many difficulties and obstacles as soon as possible and make substantial progress in Middle East peace as much as possible.

The Middle East has experienced five wars and four direct wars between Arab countries and Israel. As a result, the Arabs failed. Not only did they not recover an inch of land, but they also lost a large area of fertile land in the West Bank. The revenge of humiliating the country and humiliating the country must be engraved in the heart of every Arab. It can be seen that the sharp contradiction between Israel and Arab countries is caused by land and has nothing to do with religion. Now, because the United States and other western countries strongly support some Arab extremists in Israel and regard it as a religious conflict, but in the final analysis, it is a problem of Arab land occupation, so there is a plan of "land for peace".