The course of the United Nations operation in Congo

1884 to 1885, Britain, France, Germany, etc. 15 Western countries reached an agreement at the Berlin conference, which designated the Congo River basin as the "private land" of Belgian King Leopold II and called it the "free country of Congo". 1908 became belgian colonial, renamed "Belgian Congo".

After World War II, the power of European colonial countries was weakened, and the national independence movement in Asia, Africa and Latin America began to rise. 1958 10 Lumumba established the Congolese National Movement Party and put forward the slogan of immediate independence. 1960 In February, the Belgian government was forced to agree to Congo's independence. On June 24th of the same year, the first government with Lumumba as the prime minister was established, and on the 30th, it declared independence, and was named the Republic of Congo (Congo). 1On July 8, 960, Lumumba demanded that the Belgian army withdraw from Congo immediately, but it was rejected by the local commander of the Belgian colonial army. Belgian soldiers unwilling to return to China launched a rebellion, attacked the Prime Minister's residence and occupied Kinshasa airport, which led to chaos in the Congolese capital. Under the leadership of moise kapenda tshombe, Katanga Province, which is rich in copper resources in the southwest of Congo, took the opportunity to declare its independence and set up the Katanga Tribal Alliance to confront the forces of the central government of Congo, thus the famous "Congo Crisis" broke out.

Facing the chaotic situation, Lumumba pinned his hopes on the United Nations and sent a letter of help to the United Nations Security Council, requesting to send United Nations peacekeeping troops to Congo to help the Congolese government forces calm the unrest in the capital and Katanga.

On July 15 of the same year, the United Nations sent peacekeeping troops to Congo at Lumumba's request. However, after the U.S.-led peacekeeping force arrived, it refused to cooperate with the Congolese central government to suppress the rebels in Katanga province, but kept a wait-and-see attitude.

14 In September, mobutu sese seko, chief of general staff of the Congolese National Army, staged a coup, and the UN peacekeeping forces put Lumumba under house arrest in the name of protection. 165438+1On October 27th, Lumumba sneaked into Orientale Province from the capital Leopoldville (now Kinshasa), trying to join the legitimate government of Stan Leavell after the regime change, but was kidnapped by Mobutu's men on the way. After some behind-the-scenes transactions. Mobutu decided to hand Lumumba over to his sworn enemy, Tshombo, the rebel leader in Katanga province.

A DC-4 plane secretly took Lumumba and others to Elizabeth Airport. The next day, Chong Bo and others came to the villa where Lumumba was held in Katanga and brutally killed Lumumba and two of his followers. After the news came out, the whole world was angry at this despicable murder.

196 1 In September, at Mobutu's request and under the pressure of the international community, the United Nations peacekeeping forces finally began to attack the separatist forces in Katanga. After paying the price of more than 200 dead soldiers, the peacekeeping forces occupied Katanga on 1963, and Tshombe was forced to go into exile in Spain via northern Rhodesia (now Zambia), and the Katanga separatist movement ended in failure. 1In June 1964, mobutu sese seko established a dictatorship in Congo, and the United Nations peacekeeping force withdrew from Congo, thus ending the United Nations operation in Congo.