Was Mongolia a part of China in history?

The Russian authorities forced Yuan Shikai's Beiyang government to sign the Sino-Russian statement. According to the statement, Outer Mongolia recognizes the suzerainty of China and is a part of China territory. China and Russia recognize the autonomy of outer Mongolia. China shall not station officials or troops in outer Mongolia, and shall not emigrate. 1965438+On June 7, 2005, China, Russia and Mongolia signed the Chaktu Agreement in Chaktu, Outer Mongolia, which made this statement concrete. Accordingly, on June 9 of the same year, Outer Mongolia announced the cancellation of "Independent Great Mongolia". Yuan Shikai canonized the VIII Zhebu Zun Danba as "Hutuke Tuhan" and pardoned independent activists. Outer Mongolia is autonomous, but it is actually controlled by Russia.

19 17 After the October Revolution broke out in Russia, its government issued two declarations to China in 19 17 and 19 19, announcing the abolition of the unequal treaties signed by Russia and China, but actually continued to support the independence of outer Mongolia. On July 25th 19 19, the Soviet Union issued a statement to Mongolia, calling Outer Mongolia an independent country and requesting the establishment of diplomatic relations with it. 1965438+In August, 2009, the governors of the three Mongolian leagues (Che League, Tu League, etc.) jointly elected Chen Yi as the envoy of Kulun Town, voluntarily canceling autonomy and restoring the old system.

Xu Shichang1919165438+10. On October 7th, because both the Russian White Army and the Red Army were caught in the Soviet civil war and had no time to take care of Outer Mongolia, President Xu Shichang of the Republic of China and Duan, the head of go-vern-ment, decided to send troops to Outer Mongolia, and sent Xu Shuzheng to Ulaanbaatar, Outer Mongolia, to be placed under house arrest. In the same year165438+1October 17, outer Mongolia formally wrote to Xu Shichang, President of the Republic of China, petitioning to abolish all Russian-Mongolian treaties and return the whole territory of Mongolia to China. 122 October 165438+ President China's proclamation ordered the cancellation of outer Mongolia's autonomy and the restoration of the old system. At the same time, the Sino-Russian Declaration and the Chekatu Agreement were cancelled, the Beijing government set up the "Northwest Frontier Mission Office of the Republic of China" in Kulun, and the Xu Shuzheng Department stationed in Outer Mongolia.

19 19 As herders, sukhbaatar and Joe Balsam sought the help of the Communist International to establish an independent Mongolia. 1920, with the help of Lenin, Suk-Basor and Joe Balsam formed the Mongolian communist party, the Mongolian People's Party.

1July 9, 920, Duan stepped down and Xu Shuzheng returned to the mainland with his army. He was wanted and fled to the Japanese embassy. Coulomb left only a few troops. 1921February 1 1, during the Soviet civil war, the troops of Belarus Enqin invaded Cullen with the support of the Japanese Kwantung Army. China's defenders left Cullen, some returned to the mainland, and some moved to the trade city under the leadership of Gao, ready to fight again. On March 18, with the support of the Soviet Red Army, the Mongolian People's Party troops captured the trade city and drove away the China garrison. As the civil war has not yet ended, the warlords of all factions have no time to be busy, so they have to sit back and watch Mongolia become independent with the help of the Soviet Union.

On July 6th, a pro-Soviet constitutional monarchy was established in Outer Mongolia. 1654381On October 25th, the people's revolutionary regime was established in outer Mongolia, and the Soviet Union concluded the Soviet-Mongolian Reconciliation Treaty on 1922. Various factions of the Northern Warlords, such as Duan, Zhang, Cao Kun and Wu, were all busy with the war and had no choice. As a form of diplomacy, the government of Xu Shichang in Beijing issued a statement not recognizing the independence of Outer Mongolia.

1939, the Soviet Union, Mongolia, Japan and Manchukuo broke out the Nomenheim War because of the border issue between Mongolia and Manchukuo, and then stopped fighting because of the European War. 194 1 13 In April, the Soviet Union and Japan signed the Treaty of Neutrality between the Soviet Union and Japan, and issued a joint statement saying: In order to maintain friendly relations between the two countries, the Soviet Union promised to respect the territorial integrity and inviolability of Manchukuo; Japan pledges to respect the territorial integrity and inviolability of the "Mongolian People's Republic".

At the end of World War II, the Allies declared war on Japan for the Soviet Union. Without informing China and other allies, the United States and Britain signed the Yalta Agreement (also known as the Yalta Peace Treaty) with the Soviet Union on February 1945/1. It demands that the status quo of Outer Mongolia (People's Republic of Mongolia) be maintained, and the British and American governments must be recognized.

On August 1945, the government of the Republic of China agreed to the relevant contents of the Yalta Agreement. Song Ziwen, Wang Shijie and others signed the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with the Soviet government under the authorization of President Jiang Zhongzheng of the national government, allowing them to decide whether to recognize the Mongolian people and country according to the results of a fair referendum. 101the results of the referendum on October 20th showed that 97.8% of the citizens were in favor of the independence of Outer Mongolia from China.

Of course, the so-called "referendum" is just a way for Chiang Kai-shek to step down the stairs. 1October 20th, 1945, 10, the outer Mongolian authorities organized this "referendum" (registered ballot). According to reports from outer Mongolia, there are 490,000 voters in * * *, and "98% of voters voted for independence". Lei, the executive deputy minister of the Ministry of the Interior of the National Government who was ordered to observe the "referendum" in outer Mongolia, commented on the vote afterwards and said: "Its voting staff called it guidance, but it was actually monitoring and very strict." "This referendum is said to be an action by the people of outer Mongolia to express their desire for independence to the world again. In fact, under the supervision of government officials, it is difficult for people to express their free will through public signatures. "

1On 5 October, the Republic of China recognized the independence of the Mongolian people. The National Government Proclamation said: "The people of outer Mongolia held a referendum in the Republic of China 10 on October 20th. The Central Committee sent Vice Minister of the Interior Lei to observe. Recently, according to the report of voters in outer Mongolia, the results of the referendum confirmed that the people in outer Mongolia were in favor of independence. According to the deliberation of the Supreme National Defense Council, it was decided to recognize the independence of Outer Mongolia, except that the Executive Yuan transmitted the resolution to the Ministry of the Interior and officially notified Go to Outer Mongolia.

1On August 6th, 946, Xu, the representative of Mongolian government to the United Nations, issued a statement in support of Outer Mongolia's accession to the United Nations: "A few months ago, the People's Republic of Mongolia was still a part of China, called Outer Mongolia. Its independence was granted by China, so China will welcome it to join the United Nations, and we sincerely hope that it will join this international organization. When China arrives at an appropriate time, we fully support the application for membership of Outer Mongolia. "

China president hair. ZD visited the Soviet Union and signed the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance to win diplomatic support from the Soviet Union, recognizing Mongolia's independence.

196 1 year, the United Nations met at its headquarters and admitted Mongolia as a member. At that time, the Republic of China, as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, had the veto power, which could prevent Mongolia from joining the United Nations. 1 October 25th, 10, the UN Security Council passed Mongolia's accession to the United Nations with 9 votes in favor, 0 votes against and1abstention. The Republic of China did not vote. 65438+1On October 27th, the United Nations General Assembly adopted resolution 1630, which admitted the Mongolian people to the United Nations, and the Republic of China did not participate in the voting.

19911February 25th, marked by the announcement of the resignation of Gorbachev, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, ended the Soviet Union which had been established for more than 70 years. With the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia's control over the Far East was greatly weakened by domestic exhaustion, which brought a golden opportunity to Mongolia's return. Mongolian Great Hural made 43 requests to return to China, but China still has no positive comments or responses.