Seeking the introduction of plant value

The purpose of protection is to use, and the beginning of use is to protect.

Plants convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis and store it in plants for use by humans and other animals. Maintain the natural circulation of water sources and water bodies, and reduce drought and flood disasters. Regulate the climate, prevent soil erosion and mitigate natural disasters such as mudslides and landslides. Protect the environment, purify the air and monitor pollution. It provides opportunities for human society to adapt to natural changes and raw materials (selection value). Maintain the sustainable utilization and ecological balance of biological species.

Plant protection-measures to control pests during plant growth and product storage.

There are many kinds of organisms harmful to plants, mainly pests and mites, as well as various pathogenic organisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, bacteroides, nematodes, protozoa and various weeds. In addition, it also includes mollusks (snails, slugs, etc.) and other harmful animals. ), rodents, birds and animals. For a long time, the object of plant protection research and control only includes pests and diseases, but not weeds, birds and animals. With the development of agricultural production and plant protection science and technology, the scope of research and control has gradually expanded to all kinds of pests that harm crops.

Diseases, insects, weeds and other pests not only endanger the agricultural production in the area where they occur, but also are often taken to other countries or regions with agricultural products, packaging equipment and transportation tools. In many countries, serious pests and weeds, such as potato late blight, potato rot, potato beetle, chestnut blight, white pine blister rust, Hessian gall midge, cotton bollworm, American white moth, grape nodule aphid, ragweed, poisonous wheat and so on, have been introduced from abroad. If these pests adapt to the new environmental conditions and lack natural enemies in the original place, they may develop into new serious problems. For example, potato beetles first occurred in the western Rocky Mountains of the United States, feeding on wild solanaceae plants; In 1950s, 65438+2009, it turned to eat potatoes, a new edible plant brought by immigrants, which spread with the expansion of potato planting. 1874 reached the Atlantic coast, which spread all over the west of Elbe River in western Europe until Austria. For another example, the fire blight that harmed apple trees and pear trees originated in North America, spread to Canada in 1904, then to New Zealand, was discovered in Britain in 1957, spread to Poland in 1966, and then spread to Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Belgium and other countries; 1970 was found in the southern United States, Mexico, Chile and Guatemala; In addition, it even spread to Asia and the Middle East. The rapid spread of various pests and the huge losses caused by them fully show that strengthening plant protection has become an indispensable and important link to ensure the development of agricultural production.

Plant protection faces a variety of pests, and the control measures are also varied. Widely used in production can be summarized into the following categories:

① Plant quarantine. That is, according to the laws or regulations promulgated by the state, quarantine and inspection measures are taken to prevent the spread of dangerous pests.

② Agricultural control. Including adopting various farming and cultivation management measures, cultivating and utilizing resistant varieties to suppress the number of pests.

③ Biological control. That is, using organisms or their metabolites to control harmful animals and plants.

④ Chemical control. That is, appropriate application of various chemical pesticides to control pests.

⑤ Physical and mechanical prevention. That is, according to the biological characteristics or special habits of pests, the physical and mechanical effects of some instruments are used to inhibit the occurrence and development of pests.