Enlightenment of Japanese immigrants rooted in Latin America to overseas Chinese

The Enlightenment of Japanese Immigrants Rooted in Latin America to Overseas Chinese compiled by KaoNet is for your reference.

BEIJING, March 9 (Xinhua Overseas Chinese News of Japan) recently published an article saying that as a minority in Latin American countries, Japanese immigrants have become an "elite group" in various countries after a hundred years of vicissitudes. These descendants of poor Japanese farmers 100 years ago have come to this day step by step with diligence and wisdom, and their experience is worth learning from overseas Chinese distributed in all corners of the world.

The ethnic composition of modern Latin American residents not only retains the original American indigenous peoples, but also incorporates a large number of immigrants including Japanese. At present, Japanese immigrants living in Latin America have taken root. They not only integrate into the local society, but also affect the local development in turn.

More than a hundred years ago, South America launched the independence movement, and all countries basically achieved formal independence. However, South American countries, especially Brazil, have a small population and a serious shortage of labor. Therefore, at that time, the governments of South America not only introduced measures to encourage immigrants from all countries, but also sent invitations to all countries, asking them to send immigrants to live. Among them is Japan. At that time, the population of Japan was already quite large, and the contradiction between man and land was quite prominent. So after receiving the invitation, I was very happy to send a large number of immigrants. This is the origin of a large number of Japanese expatriates in South America. These Japanese and their descendants are mainly concentrated in Brazil.

Of Brazil's population of10.40 billion, Japanese immigrants account for less than 1%. In most Japanese descendants' families, they are conservative and have a superior life.

At the beginning of last century, Japan began to immigrate to Brazil in an organized way. 1908 June 18, 78 1 The Japanese crossed the ocean to the other side of the globe-the port of Santos in Brazil. From 19 10 to 19 14, the number of Japanese immigrants to Brazil is 14200. From 1925 to 1935, the peak period of Japanese emigration to Brazil was140,000 Japanese arrived in Brazil successively. Because of World War II, Japan did not immigrate to Brazil in the following year 10.

From 1959, Japan resumed immigration to Brazil, but the scale was much smaller than before. With the recovery of Japanese economy, Japan gradually turned to Brazil to export capital, mainly investing in mining. But at this time, Japan has already exported 260,000 people to Brazil. After five generations of reproduction, the number of Japanese in Brazil has reached more than 6.5438+0 million. 70% of Japanese live in Sao Paulo, 12% in Parana. The Japanese in Mato Grosso and Pará also account for 2.5% and 1.2% respectively.

Japanese immigration to Brazil is organized. According to the immigration contract signed between Royal Japanese Immigration Company and Brazil, Japanese immigrants who first arrived in Brazil mainly engaged in coffee cultivation in Sao Paulo mainland. After the expiration of the contract, Japanese immigrants began to spread to the seaside area of S? o Paulo.

Today, 40% of Japanese Brazilians are still engaged in agricultural production, many of whom are farmers with a lot of land. Others are engaged in service industries, such as opening restaurants, clinics and banks. Many of them have entered the political arena and made achievements. The current information minister of the Brazilian government is Japanese and the second Japanese minister. The first Japanese to work in the Brazilian government was the Minister of Energy and Mining and the President of Petrobras.

Taking Brazil as an example, there are four main successful experiences of Japanese immigrants.

First, collective migration is cohesive. Fujita, a Japanese immigrant in his 80s, owns his own farm and restaurant in Brazil and is the first Japanese immigrant. In an interview with local media, he said that when he first arrived in Brazil, life was very hard, and they worked in the fields all day. But people don't feel lonely, because the early immigrants were organized by the Royal Japanese Immigration Company. The same job, but in a different place, immigrants don't leave the group and don't want to leave the group. However, it is this centralized settlement method that makes Japanese immigrants retain their own national characteristics. The Japanese in Brazil are very United. Hundreds of overseas Chinese communities of Japanese descent in China provide all kinds of support for the Japanese. In June this year, five overseas Chinese communities in central and western Brazil merged to form the Japan-Pakistan Federation in the Federal District of Brasilia, and actively carried out activities to promote Japanese culture. They run sports clubs, hold lectures on acupuncture and agricultural technology, and publish magazines in Japanese and Portuguese.

Second, Japanese immigrants are closely related to the Japanese government. Japanese living in Brazil have always maintained close ties with the Japanese government. For a long time, Japan has repeatedly provided huge loans and grants to Brazil for agricultural development and scientific research projects. Many Japanese Brazilians have learned advanced agricultural techniques from Japan and used them in production. Brazil's vast land provides a space for the Japanese to display their talents and gradually makes Brazil an important exporter of agricultural products in the world. Japanese immigrants brought all kinds of seeds from the mainland and successfully introduced them to Brazil, which showed the Japanese's ability to make a fortune. Today, many large farms in Brazil are run by Japanese. According to the cultural exchange plan between Japan and Brazil, the Japanese government also provides cultural exchange funds to the Brazilian government every year.

Third, Japanese immigrants actively contribute to the host country. Besides the United States, Japan is the second largest importer of Brazilian nationals. Due to cultural ties, Japanese nationals account for a large proportion of Brazilian expatriates in Japan. Where their ancestors lived, Brazilian Japanese in turn accumulated funds for Brazil's economic development. Since 1990, the money remitted to Brazil by Brazilian expatriates in Japan has played a positive role in balancing Brazil's external accounts. In 2002, Brazilian expatriates in Japan remitted US$ 2.6 billion to Brazil, exceeding the export income of Brazilian planes and cars. Moreover, remittances from Brazilian Japanese are increasing year by year. In addition to remittance, Japanese working in Japan also buy new houses or invest in Brazil. Brazilians generally have a good impression of the Japanese. They believe that Japanese and their descendants are hardworking and have a strong sense of family responsibility, which is an important reason for Japanese to integrate into Brazilian society.

Finally, Japanese immigrants influenced Brazil with culture. Today's Japanese descendants are engaged in a variety of occupations and have fully integrated into Brazilian society. Brazil is a country with a strong immigrant culture, and immigrants from all over the world are introduced to Brazil. Japanese-Americans in Brazil, while maintaining Japanese culture, have also exerted great influence on local culture in Brazil. The most obvious performance is in the food culture. In a typical Brazilian barbecue restaurant, you can find Japanese sushi and sashimi. You can also find all kinds of seasonings with Japanese characteristics in supermarkets. In Sao Paulo Free Zone, where Japanese people are relatively concentrated, there are shops with distinctive Japanese cultural characteristics everywhere, ranging from kimonos to snacks. In the free zone, not only Japanese, but also residents of other nationalities in Brazil often patronize Japanese shops, restaurants, martial arts schools, hotels and judo halls. (Jiang Feng)