Alpine ecological migration policy

While protecting the existing vegetation and strengthening the construction of forest and grass, solve the problem of population and livestock; Give full play to the self-repair function of the ecosystem, and plant vegetation by aerial seeding in remote desert and barren mountain areas with vast land and sparse population and inconvenient transportation; Rationally allocate water resources and optimize the energy structure in agricultural and pastoral areas, such as using unconventional energy sources such as wind energy, light energy and biogas.

I. Countermeasures and measures to combat desertification

1. To prevent and control desertification, it is necessary to protect existing vegetation and strengthen forest and grass construction. At the same time, it is necessary to solve the problems of population, livestock and stoves, protect forest and grass vegetation in sandy areas, rationally allocate trees, shrubs and grass through afforestation, expand the proportion of forest and grass, and establish a multi-forest, multi-tree and multi-level three-dimensional protection system.

2. While artificially controlling desertification, we should give full play to the self-repair function of the ecosystem, increase the intensity of closure and protection, and enhance the ability of ecological natural restoration. Because aerial seeding has the characteristics of high speed, less labor, low cost and good effect, it can help to restore vegetation in remote deserts and barren hills with vast land and sparse population and inconvenient transportation, so aerial seeding can be used to plant vegetation.

3. Desertification areas can carry out a lasting ecological revolution and accelerate the reversal of desertification process. The key is to rationally allocate water resources and ensure ecological water use. Usually, the unreasonable allocation of water resources is the direct cause of shortening rivers, shrinking lakes or even drying up, lowering groundwater level and land desertification in northwest China.

4. Strictly implement the family planning policy, control the population growth rate, prevent the population from growing too fast, continuously improve the quality of the population, carry out environmental awareness publicity and education lectures, and improve people's ideological level. Care for the environment at ordinary times, consciously participate in the transformation and construction of the environment, and form a good social atmosphere.

5. The state needs to implement the ecological migration policy in areas where desertification is very serious, grasslands and cultivated land are almost completely abandoned, and the harsh natural environment is no longer suitable for human survival.

6. Implement the grassland contract responsibility system, stipulate a reasonable livestock carrying capacity, vigorously promote enclosure and rotational grazing, vigorously develop artificial grassland or artificially improve grassland, change the backward situation of raising livestock naturally and in houses, reduce the damage to grassland, accelerate the cultivation of excellent livestock breeds, and optimize the structure of livestock breeds.

7. While doing a good job in international implementation, we should strengthen international exchanges and cooperation in combating desertification, and strive for funds and foreign aid to combat desertification.

8. Optimize the energy structure of agricultural and pastoral areas, vigorously advocate and encourage people to use unconventional energy sources, such as wind energy, light energy, biogas and other energy sources, in order to reduce the damage to forests, grasslands and other resources.

9. Accelerate the adjustment of industrial structure, rationally allocate the proportion of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry according to market requirements, actively develop aquaculture and processing industries, divert rural surplus labor, and reduce the pressure of population on land.

10. Develop tourism, exploration, scientific research and other industries by using the unique resources such as light and heat natural landscape, culture and folk customs, and surplus labor in desertification areas.

1 1, soil moisture content is greater than dryness, which is the key factor to reverse desertification. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the land moist, strengthen the water content of the land, provide water for the soil, enhance the water storage capacity, and plant cold-resistant plants and trees.

12. Build artificial rivers or lakes at underground water sources, and plant water storage plants or trees to protect the soil, so as to achieve the purpose of maintaining soil moisture.

13. In view of desertification in arid areas, measures should be taken to improve the soil on the basis of preventing sand damage; Taking the oasis as the center, a shelter forest system is established, which consists of a sand-sealing belt at the periphery of the oasis, a sand-preventing forest belt combined with arbor and irrigation at the edge of the oasis, a narrow forest belt inside the oasis and a small grid of farmland shelter forest network. For the mobile sand dunes on the edge of oasis, a protective system combining sand barriers and sand-fixing plants should be set on the surface of sand dunes. At the same time, taking the inland river basin as the ecological unit, comprehensive planning and rational allocation of water consumption ratio in the upper, middle and lower reaches.

14. In view of desertification in semi-arid areas, the sand fixation method is usually based on plants and supplemented by engineering measures; Enclosure of desertified abandoned farmland and degraded grassland to help vegetation restoration; At the same time, adjust the land use mode that is not conducive to the virtuous circle of ecological environment and rationally arrange the proportion of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry; In order to quickly restore vegetation, it is necessary to enclose abandoned farmland and degraded grassland.

Second, the causes of desertification

1, natural factors

(1) Take desertification in China as an example. China is close to the source of the winter wind, and the cold current flows to reduce the temperature and humidity. The terrain is not undulating, and there is no mountain block, which makes the strong wind drive in and leads to desertification.

(2) The climate is dry, and the evaporation is greater than the precipitation. Living inland and far from the ocean, it is difficult for ocean water vapor to reach. Surrounded by high mountains, it is more difficult for water vapor to enter the inland, leading to desertification.

(3) The soil is loose, the vegetation is scarce, the vegetation coverage rate is low, and there are many deserts.

2. Human factors

The factors leading to desertification are human factors, such as rapid population growth, prominent contradiction between man and land, over-reclamation, over-grazing, over-logging, unreasonable utilization of water resources, improper protection of traffic lines and other engineering construction.