The southern part of the Daqin Empire put down the Baiyue War.

In 22 1 BC, after Qin Shihuang destroyed the six countries and unified the Central Plains, he set out to formulate the strategy of seeking Xiongnu in the north and conquering the world in the south.

Yue refers to the indigenous people in the southeast coast and Lingnan area of ancient China. They are scattered in hills and valleys in the form of tribes. Their living habits and languages are different from those of the Central Plains. They are called Baiyue. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, wuyue competed for hegemony, and Yue rose in the southeast, making it famous in the Central Plains. The more surname Baiyue is, the more country Gou Jian is. They are mainly distributed in the hilly area of South China between the south of the Yangtze River and the sea. According to today's geographical division, the hilly area of South China refers to the vast mountains composed of the hills in the south of the Yangtze River, the hills in Zhejiang and Fujian, and the hills in Guangdong and Guangxi, with Wuyishan, Luoxiao Mountain, Xuefeng Mountain, Nanling Mountain, Dayao Mountain, 90,000 Mountain and 100,000 Mountain as the main ones. The climate is hot, the environment is humid, the jungle is dense, the water is abundant, and the rivers are criss-crossing, which is inconvenient for horses and chariots, but beneficial to boats and boats.

Taking geography as the boundary, Baiyue can be roughly divided into five parts: Yuyue, Dongyue, Minyue, Nanyue and Western Europe. Yu Yue refers to the residents of the old place in wuyue, taking Shaoxing Plain as the activity center. Dongyue and Fujian and Guangdong refer to the aborigines in the east of Wuyishan, southern Zhejiang and Fujian today. Dongyue takes Wenzhou as the center, and Fujian takes Fujian as the main activity area, sometimes the two are confused. These three Vietnamese mainly live in the hilly areas of Zhejiang and Fujian, namely Wuyishan hilly and coastal areas. On the other hand, South Vietnam and Xi 'ou are bounded by Nanling, which is not in contact with the Central Plains. Nanling consists of five mountains, namely Dayuling, Qitianling, Mengzhuling, Dupangling and Yuechengling from east to west. South of Wuling is Nanyue. West of Yuechengling and Dupangling is Xi 'ou. South Vietnam and Xi 'ou are roughly equivalent to Guangdong and Guangxi today. Some scholars have classified Luoyue, to which Xi Ou belongs, into today's Yue State.

Geographically, it seems neat to strictly distinguish the affiliation of Vietnam, East Vietnam, Fujian Vietnam, South Vietnam, Xi 'ou and Luoyue, but it lacks sufficient evidence. It seems simpler to divide Baiyue directly into three parts: First, the Yue people, where Yueguo is located, have frequent contacts with China and once dominated the Central Plains, which some scholars call Yueguo; Second, the Yue people living in the hilly area of Wuyi Mountain are mainly concentrated in the southern part of Zhejiang and the whole province of Fujian today, which are called Dongyue and Fujian and Guangdong respectively, and sometimes they can communicate with each other, so they are all called Dongyue here; Third, the Vietnamese living in Lingnan are mainly Guangdong and Guangxi today, which is called South Vietnam.

Baiyue's historical contribution is enormous. Hemudu, Yuyao, Zhejiang, where Baiyue is located, discovered the accumulation of rice 7000 years ago, which is the main birthplace of rice. Vietnamese also made the earliest boats, first canoes and then wooden boats. Fu Cha, the King of Wu, opened a canal to connect the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, so the Yue people were the earliest diggers of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.

In order to maintain the stability of Lingnan, Qin Shihuang ordered the soldiers who marched into Lingnan to stay in the local garrison. In addition, there are a large number of Central Plains immigrants to Lingnan area. The remaining soldiers and immigrants, except a few who married migrant women from the Central Plains, mostly married Yue Nv. They brought advanced culture, agriculture and handicraft technology to Lingnan area, and made great contributions to the development of Lingnan. The war at the southern foot of Qinling Mountains was an important part of Qin Shihuang's war to unify China. For the first time in history, Lingnan was formally incorporated into Chinese territory, making the Yue nationality a member of the Chinese nation. It has played an important role in promoting the integration of Han and Vietnamese nationalities and the social, political, economic and cultural development of Lingnan.

Qin Shihuang laid the basic map of China. Starting with the annexation of the six countries, coupled with the two wars of expelling Xiongnu in the north and fighting Baiyue in the south, the cause of reunification was completed in three stages. Among them, swallowing the six countries is the largest, and Nanding Baiyue is the most difficult.

In the 25th year of Qin Shihuang, Wang Jian destroyed Chu, which not only conquered Yue's hometown and established Huiji County, but also had military ties with South Vietnam. This part of the Vietnamese should be from Lingbei, not Lingnan. The three counties of central Guizhou, Changsha and Jiujiang, to which Chu belongs, are in the south of the Yangtze River and north of Wuling, where Chu people and Yue people live together. Wang Jian's task is to destroy Chu, and he will not rashly go deep into Wuling to fight against South Vietnam. Wang Jian's monarch of Baiyue is a descendant of Yue State and Yue people south of Dongting Lake, and Dongyue and Nanyue are not among them.

In the twenty-sixth year of Qin Shihuang, although the six countries were annexed, Baiyue in the south and Xiongnu in the north were not unified. Qin Shihuang was on the defensive in the north, and sent Meng Tian to guard against the Huns in the north county and take an offensive in the south. He concentrated 500 thousand troops and divided them into five ways to go south together. He wanted to fight for the first world war.

The specific deployment is, with Wei Tusui as the command, the soldiers are divided into five roads and pushed south. Hunan Jingxian No.1 Road, Hunan Ningyuan No.2 Road, Guangzhou No.3 Road, Jiangxi Nankang No.4 Road and Jiangxi Yugan No.5 Road. All the way over Chengling Mountain, the other way from Zhumeng Mountain, respectively, from the north and east through Lijiang River and Hejiang River to attack Guangxi. The third route is riding Tian Ling, and the fourth route is Dayuling. With the help of Lianjiang and Beijiang, we attacked Guangdong from two directions and joined forces in Guangzhou. The fifth road is in Yugan, Jiangxi Province, from Xinjiang to the east, passing through yingtan, Jiangxi Province, entering the Wuyi Mountains, going straight into the hinterland of Fujian and Vietnam along the Minjiang River, and capturing Fuzhou.

To put it simply, the attack direction of the pool is one or two roads to attack Ou, three or four roads to take South Vietnam, and five roads to take Fujian and Vietnam.

The March on the fifth road seems to be going smoothly without any difficulties. Qin established Minzhong County, probably after this military victory. The battle between South Vietnam and Xi 'ou is very difficult. At the beginning of the battle, the imperial army quickly invested in defeating the military strength of the six countries and quickly captured strategic places such as Pingchuan Valley. Under the fierce attack of Qin Jun, the Xi 'ou Department and the South Vietnamese Department broke up in succession and had to leave the center and retreat into the mountain jungles on both sides. They didn't give up or back down, but quickly organized themselves. Relying on favorable terrain, they fought tenaciously against the enemy in the form of primitive guerrilla warfare, sparrow warfare and disturbance attack and defense warfare. This made Qin Jun unable to rest for three years. The attack and defense of both sides must be wonderful and the battle is very difficult. No one can completely defeat anyone.

The Vietnamese people's will to resist is so strong that Qin Shihuang probably didn't think in advance that the quick decision he expected could not be realized. Because of the difficulty of fighting for grain and grass, a quick victory turned into a protracted war and a difficult stalemate. So the Qin people began to build Lingqu to transport grain and grass for another battle. Qin Shihuang was a determined man and would never give up the expedition just because he could not attack for three years.

There is no doubt that South Vietnam is obviously influenced by the culture of the Central Plains-archaeological data such as tomb excavation have fully confirmed this point. However, due to geographical barriers, its language is not connected with the Central Plains, and its political traditions and folk customs are also different from the Central Plains, and it has long been independent of the Central Plains civilization. It is also reasonable for them to defend their homeland to the death. Although weaker than Qin Jun, they have their own methods. Qin Jun came from afar, and the logistics supply was difficult. They were determined to clear the field, and at the same time, they worked hard day and night, constantly attacking the route for providing foodstuff in Qin Jun. Qin Jun was hungry and couldn't go deep into the jungle. At that time, he was helpless.

In this process, the Qin people thought of building a canal, and first solved the supply of grain and grass. They have occupied the strategic position in the north and south of Wuling, and they have the conditions to consider the canal problem.

So, in the 28th year of Qin Shihuang, Qin people began to build the famous Lingqu, which is the third largest water conservancy project built by Qin people after Dujiangyan and Zheng Guoqu. At this time, it is the third year of the Southern Expedition, and the three-year ignorance of crossbows in Huainanzi made it impossible for the prison army to adjust its salary, and it also used soldiers to dig canals and open up routes for providing foodstuff to cooperate with the Vietnam War.

In the process of building the Lingqu, the imperial army had a more intense contest with the occupied people.

The monarch of Xi 'ou translated Vae-apparently transliteration-and was killed by Qin Jun. The Vietnamese retreated into the jungle and lived with animals day and night, refusing to give in. They elected new leaders and persisted in fighting. Huai Nan Zi roughly describes the situation at that time, saying that the Vietnamese used night sneak attack tactics, constantly harassing Qin Jun headquarters, defeating Qin Jun, killing Wei Tusui and lying dead hundreds of thousands of people. There are 500,000 Qin troops stationed in Xi 'ou, South Vietnam and Fujian and Vietnam. How can the Xi 'ou people and the Yue people sneak attack and kill hundreds of thousands of enemies at night? Perhaps the fact is that in a night sneak attack, a small group of Vietnamese armed forces broke into the headquarters in Qin Jun and killed Wei Tusui in the chaos. Qin Jun lost his commander-in-chief, was leaderless and lacked food, so he ran away, and people chased him more and more, and hundreds of thousands of bodies bled. Even so, the 500,000 and hundreds of thousands mentioned in the book Huai Nan Zi seem to be unreliable. In this book, Nanping Baiyue and the Great Wall are all described as 500,000 dead.

Qin Shihuang appointed a new commander-in-chief to lead the surviving army. Lingqu has not been opened yet, and the material operation is still difficult. Qin Jun was temporarily on the defensive in the battle against South Vietnam until the Lingqu was completed.

■ Lingqu was dug and conquered Baiyue Qin Shihuang for thirty-three years. After several years of waiting, Lingqu was finally built.

In view of the previous failure and the current distribution of the imperial army, Qin Shihuang adjusted his deployment and decided to adopt a new strategy of conquering the south. Its main content is to send troops to prepare for war, change the simple militarism in the past, and combine military occupation, immigration and cultural infiltration in order to rule the occupied areas stably for a long time. At first, Lingqu was built to transport grain and grass. Later, due to the rapid changes in the war situation, even the captain Tu Youyou died, and the Qin people began to think deeply about the problem of going south. Only then did I think of the combination of military occupation and cultural infiltration. After the military occupation, I immigrated to the real border, brought the population, materials and culture of the Central Plains, mingled with the South Vietnamese, and completely assimilated South Vietnam. In this way, the meaning of Lingqu is very different. 2200 years later, a slogan appeared on the land of China. If you want to be rich, build roads first. Compared with Lingqu, the reason seems to be the same.

Qin Shihuang collected fugitives, slaves and small businessmen into a miscellaneous army and prepared to go south again. Qin Shihuang himself didn't want to fight South Vietnam with a miscellaneous army. According to the original plan, it may be that after the Lingqu is opened, we will concentrate our forces and completely conquer South Vietnam, and then send troops to the north to attack the Xiongnu. However, because of a stupid remark, he changed his decision temporarily. Last autumn, he transferred all his main forces to the north. Now he has to hastily form an army and hit people with two fists at the same time.

But he's not worried. The survivors in Lingnan are experienced veterans, with veterans as the backbone and miscellaneous troops as the supplement, and they are not afraid of winning or not. I used to worry that the troops attacked too fast and the logistics could not keep up. Now I don't have to worry. Because of the Lingqu, the grain in the Central Plains can be continuously transported to Guangzhou, Nanning, and even to distant Yuxi, Yunnan and Vietnam. This is a interior drainage unmatched by other civilizations. By comparing the exaggeration of the people in the Western Han Dynasty, we can know the great function of Lingqu: to make the people in the world fly grass to pull out millet and transport grain and grass. When they leave, they will be filled with 30 minutes. When they arrived, there was only one stone left, and the transportation rate was only 1%.

After the defeat of Wei Tusui, Qin Jun made a short strategic retreat, but it can be inferred that some major traffic tunnels, as well as the convenience of the great river valley and Pingchuan Yuan Ye, are probably still controlled by Qin Jun, and the mountain jungle is the guerrilla zone of the Vietnamese, which is their right and advantage. Both armies are wasting time to see who can hold out to the end.

When the canal was dug, the fighting spirit and confidence of the Imperial Corps were awakened again. They know that they will have food under any circumstances. So, we marched forward bravely, one by one, and captured the Vietnamese shanzhai one by one, occupying a little land in Lvliang, which was divided into three counties: Guilin, Xiang Jun and Nanhai, roughly equivalent to Guangxi and Guangdong provinces, and of course, parts of Yunnan and Vietnam.

This land of Lvliang is probably the mountainous jungle occupied by the Vietnamese for a long time. Before the Lingqu was built, the logistics supply in Qin Jun was carried out by land, with long transportation mileage and low transportation efficiency. When crossing the Wuling Mountains, you should be wary of Vietnamese attacks everywhere. Without logistical support, it is impossible to March on a large scale over a long distance. Therefore, relying on the alpine jungle and amazing endurance, the Vietnamese people made the most tenacious resistance to the invaders for Lu Qin, hence the name Lvliang Land.

At the same time of military occupation, Qin Shihuang also began to immigrate to the real border.

In the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang, after the land of Lvliang was divided into three counties, the government sent a group of prisoners to guard South Vietnam, the number of whom was unknown. This group of prisoners, together with the original garrison and miscellaneous troops, totaled 500 thousand. Except for a few professional soldiers, they are all guilty people, so most of them have settled in Lingnan.

In the thirty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang, another group of people were sent to guard the border. This group of people, with a special composition, were members of Qin Shihuang's officialdom. They were sentenced for dereliction of duty, corruption or other crimes and sent to South Vietnam. Some of them were also sent to the north to build the Great Wall. From this point of view, the laws of the Qin Empire are fairly fair. Because of this legal egalitarianism, the administrative efficiency of the country has been significantly improved, which has contributed to the rise of Qin State, the separatist regime of the six countries and the opening up of the frontier. The biggest feature of these people is that they can read and write.

In the thirty-fifth year of Qin Shihuang, he moved to the border. This group of people, whose composition and number are unknown, went to the Great Wall in the north and Europe and Yue in the south.

In addition, Records of the Historian and Biography of Hengshan Mountain in Huainan also recorded that Zhao Tuo, the county commandant, crossed the five mountains to attack Baiyue, knowing that China was tired and the soldiers were hard, and asked the court to send 30,000 women to mend clothes for the foot soldiers. These 30,000 women, Sima Qian said, have no in-laws. Qin Shihuang replied that 30,000 people can be given to 15,000 people. As a result, the people are in trouble, and seven out of ten people want to mess up. Because this record contradicts the biographies of South Vietnam's historical records, it is not used as evidence, but as reading materials. These people moved to South Vietnam, and many of them were intellectuals. Naturally, they brought the lifestyle, language, books, species and laws of the Central Plains, and the Central Plains culture took root in the distant South Vietnam. The fertile land in South Vietnam can also give China important economic support. This point was fully proved in the process of economic reform in the Han Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

At the end of the Qin dynasty, there was chaos in the world, and South Vietnam became independent. But by the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, due to political and economic reasons, South Vietnam finally merged into China and became a part of the Han nationality, which could never be separated.