What is the significance of setting up a poverty alleviation day for ex situ poverty alleviation and relocation?

Relocation of poverty alleviation in different places is a poverty alleviation model explored on the basis of practice, which is of great significance to precise poverty alleviation. Facing the new situation and new goals, the work of poverty alleviation and relocation in different places must be based on the current situation, meet the needs of the masses and meet their expectations. At present, what are farmers' wishes and expectations for poverty alleviation and relocation in different places? These are all issues worthy of attention. Therefore, China Rural Research Institute of Huazhong Normal University, relying on the research platform of "Hundred Villages Observation", conducted an investigation and study on 2,259 farmers in 75 poor villages in 14. The survey found that farmers in poor villages are generally willing to move, especially in remote mountainous areas with the support of government policies. Farmers' expectations for poverty alleviation and relocation in different places are reflected in the following aspects: financial policy support and monetary subsidies are in place; Housing is guaranteed, and production and life are more suitable; Basic living is guaranteed and social security is more complete. In view of this, it is suggested to define the relocation procedure from the precise relocation object; Increase investment and make good use of poverty alleviation funds; More housing construction to meet the needs of farmers; Improve public services, ensure follow-up development and other measures to help poor people in different places "move, move, stay and live well".

First, there is a strong willingness to move away from home, hoping to "move out"

Among the 2 189 farmers interviewed, 35.02% directly expressed their willingness to help the poor people move from other places, and 42% expressed their willingness to move as long as the government policy conditions were suitable, accounting for 77.02%. It can be seen that nearly 80% farmers in poor villages are willing to get rid of poverty and move, and farmers' willingness to move is generally strong, especially under the conditions of government policy support.

Specifically, the proportion of farmers who directly expressed their willingness to move was 34.07%, which was 2.87 percentage points higher than that of farmers who did not file a card. 42.75% people said that the government policy conditions were suitable and they were willing to move, and the proportion of non-filing farmers who expressed their willingness to move was 46. 19%. As farmers in remote mountainous areas, the proportion of farmers who directly choose to get rid of poverty is the largest, accounting for 38.37%, which is higher than that of farmers in non-remote mountainous areas (24.06%). It can be seen that the overall willingness of farmers to relocate is high, and farmers in remote mountainous areas are more looking forward to poverty alleviation and relocation in different places.

Second, the financial support is expected to be high, and I look forward to "moving"

On the one hand, we expect policy support and subsidies. In 2 139 valid samples, 23.42% of the farmers surveyed said that they most hoped that the government's policy support would be "providing reasonable monetary subsidies", accounting for more than 20%. Looking specifically at the expectation of cash subsidies for farmers' relocation, among the 1.777 farmers, the average amount of subsidies they are willing to relocate is 2 1.29 million yuan; The minimum amount of subsidy for willing relocation is 0,000 yuan, and the maximum amount of subsidy for willing relocation is 2 million yuan. More than half of the farmers expect the relocation subsidy to exceed 6.5438+0.5 million yuan. It can be seen that farmers have high expectations for monetary subsidies and financial subsidies.

Judging from whether or not to set up a card, in the expectation of monetary subsidy, the proportion of farmers who set up a card is 23. 14%, which is slightly lower than that of farmers who don't set up a card. In terms of the amount of monetary subsidies, the amount of subsidies that the farmers who set up the file card hope to get is 2 1.5 1 10,000 yuan, which is much higher than the average amount of relocation subsidies that the farmers who do not set up the file card hope to get. More than half of the farmers who have set up a file and set up a card want to get a relocation subsidy of more than 153400 yuan, and nearly half of the farmers who have not set up a file and set up a card want to get a subsidy of more than 1 19800 yuan. It can be seen that the farmers who set up the card have higher expectations for monetary subsidy funds.

On the other hand, it is expected that poverty alleviation funds will be supplemented. How to implement subsidy funds has become the "heart hope" of farmers in poor villages. 20. 17% of the respondents suggested that "subsidies should be in place reasonably" after relocation. The proportion of farmers in remote mountainous areas who suggested "reasonable subsidies in place" was 22. 15%, which was higher than that of farmers in non-remote mountainous areas. It shows that farmers not only expect to have enough poverty alleviation funds, but also expect poverty alleviation funds to really land. Solving the problem of poverty alleviation funds has become an important part of poverty alleviation and relocation in different places.

Third, production and life are suitable, and I hope to "stay"

On the one hand, provide support for housing. In the eyes of farmers, housing not only has the function of life, but also has the function of security and production. It is an important material basis for farmers' production and life. Whether the housing provided satisfies farmers has become a key link in poverty alleviation and relocation in different places. Farmers expect the government to provide policy support in housing. Among 2 139 valid samples, there are 1087 farmers who want policy support most, accounting for 50.82%. Different types of farmers have different housing needs. Among the interviewed farmers who want to obtain satisfactory housing policy support, the proportion of farmers who have established a file card is higher than that of those who have not, which is 6.79 percentage points higher. It can be seen that the policy support mode that farmers are more looking forward to is to provide satisfactory housing.

The unified construction of the government has become the housing construction model that farmers expect. In 2 140 valid samples, there are 1280 farmers who hope that the housing construction mode is "unified construction by the government and farmers pay a certain fee", accounting for 59.8 1% at the highest. As far as different types of farmers are concerned, among the 1428 valid samples of farmers who have set up their files, 59.5438+0% of them hope that the housing construction mode will be "unified construction by the government and farmers will pay a certain fee". 22.63% farmers in remote mountainous areas expect the mode of "farmers build their own houses and the government provides some subsidies", which is higher than 20.04% in non-remote mountainous areas. It can be seen that the farmers who set up the card are more looking forward to the unified construction model of the government and more inclined to the self-built model of mountain farmers.

On the other hand, production and life are more suitable. Among 1262 farmers who want to move, 49.92% said that they moved because of good infrastructure conditions such as roads and water and electricity, accounting for the highest proportion; Farmers who moved because of more convenient agricultural production accounted for the second highest proportion, accounting for16.80%; 13% farmers will move because it is more convenient for their children to go to school. The proportion of farmers who moved because it was more convenient to see a doctor was 7.69%. According to the analysis of 579 valid samples in China, it is found that 49.75% of farmers proposed that "resettlement sites are more suitable for production and residence" after relocation. It shows that resettlement sites are more suitable for production and life, which is not only an important factor to attract farmers from poor villages to move, but also one of farmers' expectations for poverty alleviation and relocation in different places.

Fourth, social security can be matched, and I hope to "live well"

On the one hand, basic living is guaranteed. Among the suggestions for farmers' relocation, 14.8+0% of the respondents hope that their lives will be guaranteed after relocation. The proportion of farmers in remote mountainous areas who prefer "guaranteed life" is 15.24%. The elderly are more concerned about the living security after relocation, accounting for 18.25%. It can be seen that for the disadvantaged groups in poor villages, there is no production capacity, and after the relocation, basic living security has become their great expectation.

On the other hand, social security can be improved. Perfect social security can solve the worries of farmers' relocation. On the whole, among the government's policy support, 324 farmers said that the most desirable way to get policy support is perfect social security, accounting for 15. 15%. Specific to different types of farmers, 20.66% of low-income families look forward to social security support, much higher than 1 1% of high-income people. In addition, the proportion of farmers in remote mountainous areas is 15.67%, which is higher than that in non-remote mountainous areas (1 1.73%). It can be seen that farmers in low-income and remote mountainous areas are more looking forward to providing perfect social security.

Fifth, take multiple measures to help the poor in different places move.

From the above analysis, it can be seen that farmers are more willing to move as a whole, and farmers in remote mountainous areas are more looking forward to poverty alleviation and relocation in different places. The expectation of farmers' relocation is mainly reflected in the provision of satisfactory housing, more suitable production and life, reasonable capital investment and the provision and improvement of social security. In view of this, it is suggested to define the relocation procedure from the precise relocation object; Increase investment and make good use of poverty alleviation funds; More housing construction to meet the needs of farmers; Improve public services, ensure follow-up development and other measures to help poor people in different places "move, move, stay and live well".

(A) accurate relocation object, clear relocation procedures

Choosing the right relocation object is the prerequisite for the successful relocation of poverty alleviation in different places. On the one hand, we should adjust measures to local conditions. Farmers with difficult conditions and scattered population in remote mountainous areas can move the whole village according to the conditions. On the other hand, it needs customization. First, understand the basic situation of farmers. Village household registration is combined with listening to the opinions of the resident team. The census work should be thorough and meticulous, and the census should be made to households, and the files should be filed door by door to ensure that all the people to be relocated are registered. In the census work, special attention should be paid to the needy people who meet the relocation conditions but lack the ability and willingness to relocate, and special census files should be established. Secondly, strictly implement the working procedures. It is necessary to strictly follow the principles of openness, fairness and impartiality, and adhere to the standardized working procedures of mass application, initial determination of objects, posting publicity and democratic appraisal to determine resettlement objects. For the deeply poor people in areas with particularly harsh natural environment, the willingness to move is particularly strong. Take them as the key and difficult points in the relocation and resettlement work, and take the road of "easy first, difficult later, and the whole village is relocated". According to the local resource conditions and environmental carrying capacity, scientifically arrange resettlement areas, reasonably determine the relocation focus and scale, and give priority to the relocation of deep poor households in combination with the relevant requirements of precision poverty alleviation. Finally, the relocation evaluation criteria are formulated. We can't just use a single index to measure whether farmers are poor or not. Focusing on the relocation and resettlement of people in difficulty, it is necessary to file files one by one, implement responsibilities, and strictly assess the number of cancellations, so as to prevent the problems of avoiding the heavy and neglecting the heavy, and "moving the rich without moving the poor" in the work.

(2) Increase investment and make good use of poverty alleviation funds.

On the one hand, increase investment. First, government financial support. The central and local governments will gradually increase investment in poverty alleviation and development, and increase general transfer payments from the central and provincial governments to immigrant areas. Second, financial services support. Focus on the development of "micro-financial products". That is to develop financial products suitable for the needs of the poor, encourage the development of village banks, carry out mutual funds and micro-credit loans for poor villages, continue to improve the national policy of subsidized loans for poverty alleviation, actively promote the innovation of financial products and service methods, and strive to meet the financial needs of poor people for development and production. Finally, social financial support. Increase the support of the public welfare fund, and reduce the donation for poverty alleviation and relocation in different places before income tax. Make full use of market resource allocation, promote market development, guide social capital participation, encourage domestic and foreign-funded enterprises to settle in new villages, and provide them with preferential policies.

On the other hand, make good use of poverty alleviation funds. First of all, the relocation subsidy standard is formulated at different levels. Relocation cost is one of the important factors affecting farmers' relocation. According to the difficulty of relocation, a step-by-step relocation subsidy level can be set to solve all the expenses for families with special difficulties. Secondly, strengthen the integration of departmental funds and social resources, seek innovation and breakthrough from the aspects of management system, integration means and investment focus, truly focus on the relocation of poor immigrants, effectively integrate and complement each other, and give play to the aggregation effect of centralized investment of funds.

(C) diversified housing construction to meet the needs of farmers

First of all, respect public opinion and make decisions on housing construction methods. Providing satisfactory housing in the form of policy support has become the primary expectation of farmers in poor villages. Combined with the actual situation of the new district, government housing areas and self-built housing areas were established respectively, and statistics were made according to the wishes of different groups of people to meet the relocation needs of immigrants. First, according to the population and economic strength of each household, it is divided into two, three and four housing levels, which effectively solves the problem that some immigrants with poor economic conditions "want to move but can't move". Second, according to the wishes and affordability of the masses, immigrant housing can be built first and then gradually improved. Third, according to farmers' wishes, we should adopt flexible housing construction methods, that is, "farmers build their own houses, and the government provides certain subsidies" and "unified construction by the government, and farmers bear certain expenses". Secondly, reflect people's feelings and coordinate land treatment methods. Take the way of "coordination between relatives, neighbors and village committees", respect the people's feelings, reach an agreement on land disposal, and determine the number of acres of land per household.

(4) Improve public services to ensure follow-up development.

The first is to guide industrial development. Give full play to the advantages of regional resources, strive to form pillar industries, and actively develop the service industry with rural tourism as the main body. The second is to improve social security. Gradually improve the level of rural minimum living security and five guarantees, speed up the construction of rural old-age care institutions and service facilities, support new immigrant areas to establish and improve the old-age service system, and solve the problem of old-age care. The third is the guarantee of public services. According to the requirements of convenient production and living and reasonable and beautiful courtyard layout, the "six-to-five-way and four-building project" will be implemented to meet the drinking water safety and electricity demand for production and life in the relocation area and ensure the orderly production of life; Provide ready-made conditions and road services for rural roads to facilitate travel; Ensure that farmers who move in are convenient and quick to seek medical treatment.