Water and soil conservation scheme of canal project?

The water and soil conservation scheme of the canal project is very important, and the formulation of the scheme must proceed from reality, and every detail should be dealt with comprehensively. Zhong Da Consulting Company will explain the water and soil conservation scheme of the channel project for you.

This year's No.1 Document of the Central Committee has sounded a new clarion call for accelerating water conservancy construction in an all-round way. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, government departments at all levels have continuously increased their investment in water conservancy construction, and the pace of water conservancy project construction is also accelerating. However, in the process of waterway construction, the water and soil conservation of waterway engineering has not been paid enough attention, and there is widespread contempt and neglect. Irrigation channel engineering, especially the backbone engineering of irrigation area, has a large influence range of channel section. In the process of channel construction and operation, due to the inadequate work of construction and management units, soil erosion along the channel is often caused, resulting in siltation, cracking and even collapse of the channel, and even landslides and mudslides, which affect the safety of water delivery. Generally, the water conservancy project management unit will wait until the soil erosion along the river is serious, and then take the method of maintenance and reinforcement for emergency treatment, which consumes a lot of manpower and material resources. Therefore, the canal water and soil conservation project must be regarded as an important work in canal system construction, and attention should be paid to it from the beginning of the design of the main canal project, so that the water and soil conservation project along the canal and the main canal construction project can be designed, constructed and accepted at the same time.

2 channel engineering and soil erosion characteristics

In the process of canal construction, the land surface requisitioned, occupied and affected by the project will be disturbed and destroyed to varying degrees, and the topography will change greatly. After the surface vegetation was destroyed in the construction, the soil and water conservation capacity of the surface decreased. During the construction process, the amount of excavated earthwork is relatively large, while the amount of backfilled earthwork is relatively small. The excavation and filling are unbalanced, and the excavation is the main one, and the excavation is greater than the filling, resulting in a large amount of soil erosion.

2. 1 Main causes of soil erosion during channel construction

2. 1. 1 construction reason. In the process of channel construction, due to the need of engineering construction, the excavation along the channel section destroyed vegetation, weakened the anti-corrosion ability of topsoil, aggravated soil erosion and aggravated soil erosion.

2. 1.2 slope is exposed. After construction, uneven exposed slopes are formed near the canal due to soil borrowing, and these unprotected slopes are easy to form slope erosion.

2. 1.3 vegetation destruction. Excavation of the ground during canal construction will destroy the original surface vegetation, affect the ecological environment, and may lead to landslides and mudslides, causing serious siltation of surrounding rivers, streams and reservoirs, affecting the flood discharge of rivers in the region.

2. 1.4 waste residue accumulation. During and after the construction of the canal, loose deposits will inevitably be produced, especially in the fill area, excavation area and waste residue along the canal, which will easily cause settlement and erosion and cause a lot of soil erosion.

2.2 Main characteristics of water and soil loss in waterway construction projects

2.2. 1 is produced by human activities. The soil erosion caused by canal engineering is not caused by natural disasters, but by the destruction of surface vegetation by a large number of human beings and the destruction of ecological environment along the canal by large-scale excavation of earthwork.

2.2.2 Hazard sources are concentrated along the waterway. The soil erosion of canal engineering mainly includes excavation of exposed surface, borrow yard, construction road, garbage dump and other areas along the canal. These sites are located along the canal, so the soil erosion hazards caused by them are also along the canal.

2.2.3 The line is long and the control is difficult. Channel engineering is characterized by long lines, and the soil erosion caused by it is not concentrated in a few points, but concentrated in a line, which will affect all areas where the channel passes, and even bring soil erosion.

2.2.4 Achieve certain governance standards. Canal is an important project for irrigation and water diversion, and some projects undertake important functions of drinking water or water delivery. Once disasters such as mudslides and landslides occur near the canal, serious floods and water cuts will inevitably occur. In addition, the channel is also a mirror of the regional ecological environment, and the greening along the channel can reflect the local ecological environment quality.

3 design principles of water and soil conservation scheme for waterway engineering

3. 1 Design principles of engineering measures

3. 1. 1 The design of the slag retaining wall and slope protection measures in the waste dump should ensure the stability of the slag.

3. 1.2 The design of interception and drainage system shall meet the requirements of design flood.

3.2 Design principles of factory measures

3.2. 1 According to the local natural environment and construction conditions, referring to the local afforestation experience of soil and water conservation and combining with the site conditions, select advanced and feasible afforestation technologies for design.

3.2.2 Suit the ground to the trees, the ground to the grass, and adjust measures to local conditions. According to the ecological and biological characteristics of various trees, select excellent native tree species and grass species, or tree species and grass species with strong adaptability after years of cultivation, with the goal of obtaining stable forest environment and improving site quality, improve afforestation survival rate, restore forest and grass vegetation and control soil erosion.

3.2.3 Grass seeds should have the characteristics of strong resistance, good soil conservation and fast growth.

3.2.4 The determination of afforestation density should be based on afforestation purpose, tree species characteristics and site conditions. The initial planting density of main suitable afforestation tree species should be determined according to the standard of Technical Specification for Comprehensive Management of Soil and Water Conservation.

3.2.5 Combining plant measures with engineering measures, taking into account the requirements of protection and greening and beautification, ecological benefits and landscape benefits, and giving full play to the land productivity under various site conditions, so as to obtain the maximum benefits of soil and water conservation, improve engineering construction and obtain the ecological environment.

3.2.6 Other areas that may cause soil erosion that are not included in the prevention and control system of the main project should also be planned and designed to coordinate with the original protective measures of the main project to improve the ecological environment along the line.

4 Waterway engineering soil and water conservation prevention and control methods

4. 1 forecast analysis

In order to put forward a reasonable scheme of soil and water conservation, the possible soil erosion along the canal should be predicted and analyzed first in the design. The forecast range along the waterway is the engineering construction area.

4. 1. 1 platform excavates exposed surfaces and steep slopes along canals, protects exposed surfaces of canals and embankments and weathered rock slopes, etc.

4. 1.2 along the spoil ground, the spoil and soil of the project are generally distributed in steep slope section, open channel section and building layout points.

4. 1.3 excavation exposed surface of tunnel engineering, aqueduct engineering, siphon engineering, grit chamber and lock chamber in canal system buildings.

4. 1.4 Construction areas such as borrow yard, relocation project, service area and management room along the line.

4. 1.5 Excavation of the exposed surface of the construction road, temporary slag piling point and temporary land occupation in this project.

4.2 scope and division of responsibility for prevention and control of soil erosion

The scope of responsibility for the prevention and control of soil erosion in the canal includes the project construction area and the directly affected area. The project construction area refers to the land requisition scope of the project or the land jurisdiction scope and land borrowing scope of the project owner, mainly including the permanent occupation of the project, the temporary occupation of the project, the construction road, the borrow yard and the waste yard. The directly affected area refers to the area where the construction of channels along the line causes soil erosion and harms the surrounding area.

According to the different prevention measures of soil erosion, the canal soil erosion prevention zoning can generally be divided into the main line prevention area, the service facilities prevention area along the line, the temporary facilities prevention area, the relocation project prevention area, the resettlement prevention area, the borrow yard prevention area, the spoil yard prevention area and so on. In the process of compiling soil and water conservation plan, it can be divided according to the scale of the project and the functions of different areas.

4.3 Key points of soil erosion prevention and control

In the process of compiling the canal soil and water conservation plan, corresponding measures for soil and water loss prevention should be put forward according to different divisions. The engineering measures and plant measures of the main line control area, the service facilities control area along the line and the relocation project control area have been basically considered in the channel design. The general measure taken in the temporary facilities prevention and control area is to restore the original land function as much as possible. According to the requirements of channel bidding design, the construction unit is responsible for clearing the field and restoring vegetation (including rehabilitation); Immigration prevention areas are generally planned by the local government in a unified way, and the funds are used by the local government. Therefore, the key points of soil and water conservation plans in each stage are the yard control area and the waste residue control area, and the control measures in these two areas need to be highlighted when compiling the soil and water conservation plan.

5. Several problems that should be paid attention to in programming.

5. 1 Strengthen communication with channel design units.

Channel design will change at every design stage. The distribution and water consumption of towns, villages, enterprises and farmland along the channel must be considered in the design, and the rationality of the channel should be demonstrated from the feasibility study, preliminary design and even technical construction stage. Once the river course changes greatly, the earthwork volume of the main project of the river course will also change accordingly, which will have a great impact on the earthwork balance in the soil and water conservation scheme and is directly related to the borrow yard and spoil yard along the line. In order to make the soil and water conservation plan consistent with the latest achievements of the main project design, the compilers of soil and water conservation plan should contact the waterway engineering design unit more.

5.2 Do a good job of earthwork balance analysis.

Compared with other projects, the earthwork balance of the canal has its complicated side. The waterway crossing route is long and the regional geological conditions change greatly. In the process of excavation, media with different properties will be encountered, and the volume of these earthwork will change continuously during excavation, utilization and compaction. In the process of earthwork balance, different earthwork must be converted by multiplying different coefficients according to the situation, and the earthwork excavation amount, filling amount, utilization amount and waste residue amount of each channel section can be calculated. In addition, because the channels are generally long, it is difficult for the water and soil conservation scheme preparation unit to consider the uncertain factors such as the construction treatment of each bid section in the process of scheme preparation, which requires the construction unit to communicate with the scheme preparation unit and the local water and soil conservation department more and negotiate to solve the problem on the basis of strictly implementing the water and soil conservation scheme.

5.3 Demonstrate the rationality of the borrow yard.

At the initial stage of the main canal project design, the design unit will initially select the material yard for channel construction according to the route direction. However, with the deepening of the design, the direction of the channel has changed, and the position of the material yard has not been adjusted accordingly, which will lead to the unreasonable position of the material yard in the actual construction and increase the difficulty of the management of soil and water conservation in the future. In the process of soil and water conservation scheme design, the rationality of each material yard should be re-demonstrated, so that it can be closely combined with the main canal project. Under normal circumstances, the borrow yard should be located near the canal, and the cultivated land and economic forest land should be occupied as little as possible.

5.4 Comprehensive utilization of waste soil and slag

In general, there is a large amount of waste slag in the process of channel construction, which will inevitably lead to soil erosion, not only occupying land resources, but also increasing channel engineering investment. Therefore, in the design process of soil and water conservation scheme, it can be considered to put the waste residue in the waste residue field, make rational use of the waste residue in the channel, and minimize the actual amount of waste residue. For example, it can be considered as a filling material for other sections of the channel or other nearby projects, which can not only save the investment in soil and water conservation, but also reduce the occupation of land resources and the damage to soil and water conservation facilities.

6 conclusion

As a ribbon project, the canal is very different from ordinary projects. In engineering construction, they often need to cross different landforms. Generally, the canal is dug more and filled less, and the amount of loose slag is large, which is easy to cause soil erosion. Therefore, it is the key to accurately predict soil erosion and put forward reasonable and detailed prevention measures in the process of scheme preparation. In order to make the soil and water conservation scheme close to the reality of the main project, it is necessary for the project preparation unit, the main project design unit, the project construction unit and the soil and water conservation management department where the project is located to communicate and cooperate with each other to ensure the scientificity and feasibility of the soil and water conservation scheme.

The detailed information of "Water and Soil Conservation Scheme for Waterway Project" can be found in the link of Zhong Da Consulting and Design, and all relevant building construction information you want is available.

For more information about project/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, please click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd