Basic Irish information

In the discussion of the mother tongue movement by linguists, the two most frequently mentioned languages are Hebrew and Irish. However, the former is generally regarded as one of the few successful mother tongue movements, while the latter is regarded as a failed example by many scholars (Huang Xuanfan 1995, 177).

The Irish alphabet consists of Latin letters, which are divided into new spelling and old spelling. Irish is the first official language of Ireland. The Constitution recognizes English as the second official language. As the first official language of Ireland, Irish belongs to Celtic language family and is closely related to English, Gaelic, Welsh and Brittany.

Ireland's pre-democracy mainly belonged to Celtic Gaelic, and absorbed Iberian, Norman and Anglo-Saxon elements. Iberians are the earliest inhabitants of Ireland, from the Pyrenees Peninsula. In the 4th century BC, Gaelic people came to Ireland from southern France and northern Spain (some scholars believe that this group of Gaelic people came from Scotland). They assimilated the Iberians who lived there and became the foundation of the Irish nation (Mulili 2000). Most historians believe that around the 7th century BC, Gaelic people began to settle in Ireland, engaged in agricultural production and raising livestock (Du Kun 2000). Therefore, Irish has a long history.

/kloc-after Ireland was incorporated into Britain in the 0 th and 7 th centuries, English gradually occupied the dominant position. /kloc-Before the 9th century, most Irish people spoke Irish, but by 189 1, more than 85% people only spoke English. /kloc-after Ireland was incorporated into Britain in the 0 th and 7 th centuries, English gradually occupied the dominant position. The Gaelic Union was founded in 1893, and is dedicated to promoting Gaelic language and culture. 1922 Ireland became independent, and Irish was once again used in school education. The state actively encourages people to use Irish. Today, in Irish-speaking areas (mainly the west coast), many people speak Irish. Now the core curriculum of primary and secondary schools is Irish, and more and more schools only teach in Irish. Among the millions of people in China, Gaelic speakers are still a minority (about 500,000), but various Gaelic publications are increasing. This language has played a role in reviving national consciousness. Modern Irish has 15 vowels: I:, I:, E:, A:, O:, O:, U:, U? amp#9 1; 、ai、au、I？ amp#9 1; 、u？ amp#9 1; . The five basic vowels, namely A, O and U, have different lengths. The first two pairs are fine tones, and the last three pairs are red tones; ? amp#9 1; Used for unstressed syllables. Consonants are P, T, K, B, D, G, M, N, E, R, F, S, X, γ, W, H, which have two sound values, namely "soft palate sound quality" and "hard palate sound quality". The sound quality of hard palate is Ф, θ, x, β,? , γ, μ, Feng, L, R, F, ∫, Feng, J, V, only H has no different pronunciation, and the sound quality of hard palate plays a role in distinguishing meanings. For example, é an [e: n] (bird, singular) -é in [e: dog] (bird, plural). Irish, like other Celtic languages in the British Isles, has a systematic "head-tone alternation" sound change. The morphological changes in Irish are the most complicated in Celtic: verbs change in person, number, time, form and state (active and automatic), and nouns, adjectives and definite articles also change in sex, number and case. There are four cases of nouns. Personal pronouns can not only be used alone, but also have special fusion forms with verbs or prepositions. The word order of a sentence is that the verb comes before the subject. Predicates are often used in compound forms, such as táim tar éis ligean "I am allowed" (I have already allowed it). The oldest Irish literature is found in the 4th to 8th centuries, and it is an inscription written in Ogan letters. After the 5th century, two languages based on Latin alphabet appeared. Earlier ones have special fonts, such as d is horizontal; The other is the same as ordinary Latin letters. Use two languages at the same time. Irish has a long history and rich literature, so the study of Celtic is of special value. At present, the Irish language adopts "18 Latin alphabet", including: aá b c d e f g h i í l m n o ó p r s t u ú.

The remaining eight Latin letters are only used for loanwords. In addition, the "weakening" in grammar, although it is two letters in modern writing, is still regarded as a letter in grammar and a letter in old writing.

Always write:?

New writing: Bh Ch Dh Fh Gh Mh Ph Sh Th

The letter LNR cannot be weakened. Irish daily life language and simple sentences and phrases (southern dialect/western dialect);

Diameter dhuit!

Hello! God bless you. )

Dia, it's Muire dhuit!

Hello! God and the virgin Mary bless you. )

Felt!

welcome

Conas atá tú？ /Cé chaoi bhfuil tu？

How are you?

tágo maith。 /Tá mé ceart go leor。 Tá ag éirí go dona liom。 /Tá fearg orm。

tágo maith。 /níl caille DH ar bith ORM。 Tá ag éirí go dona liom。 /Tá fearg orm。

I'm fine. /I'm fine. I don't feel well. /I am angry.

Agus tusa？

What about you?

Isn't Cad there?

What's your name?

Sean, it's aindom /Sean atáormsa。

My name is Thain.

A guitar?

Do you speak Irish/French?

Tá cúpla focus agam /Tá cúpla focal'am。

I can speak a little.

Go to raimh maith agat.

Thank you.

Ledutor.

Please.

slán(go fóil)。

Goodbye.

Cad as duit /ceasto?

Where are you from?

As a tsin/éireann mé.

I'm from China/Ireland.

Cá bhfuil tú i do chónaí？

Where do you live?

A glass of beer?

Do you have a new car?

Another drink?

Do you have a minute?

Tá coinne agam。

I have an appointment.

Tá Gaeilge agus Fraincis aige

He can speak Irish and French.

Tase ...

this is ...

Fuer

cold

fliuch

wet

The seventh note of the major scale.

hot

iontach

very ...

iontach fuar

It's very cold.

Iontach flow

Very humid

Ion channel te

Very hot

Tasai Sloan Ramhar

He's in Ramhar, Si Long. (indicating position)

Irish figures

0 = náid

1 = a haon

2 = a dó

3 = a trí

4 = a ceathair

5= a cúig

6 = one sé

7 = One search

8 = one hour

9 = naoi

10= a deich

1 1 = aon insurance

12 = dódhe ag

100 = céad

1000 = Miller

1000000 = million