There is such a place in the household registration reform.

24 provinces have issued clear standards and timetables for household registration reform.

On September 2 1, at the press conference held by the State Council Press Office, Huang Ming, Vice Minister of Public Security, revealed that up to now, 24 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities across the country have issued specific implementation opinions on household registration reform.

At this time, it has been 14 months since the State Council issued the Opinions on Further Promoting the Reform of Household Registration System on July 2, 2065438. In 1 years, what tricks have been used by various localities to reform the "hard bone" of household registration? What kind of results have been achieved?

Set goals and timetables in various places.

Up to now, specific household registration system reform programs have been introduced in Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hebei, Sichuan, Shandong, Anhui, Guizhou, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Hunan, Jilin, Jiangsu, Fujian, Guangxi, Qinghai, Gansu, Guangdong, Chongqing, Yunnan, Liaoning, Hubei and Inner Mongolia.

What is household registration reform? Different places have set different goals according to local conditions. However, in the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities that set the target, the timetable is similar: 2020.

In this target year of building a well-off society in an all-round way, many provinces have formulated different agricultural population transfer targets. In Guangdong, about130,000 agricultural migrants and other permanent residents will be settled in cities and towns in Guangdong; Hubei put forward efforts to realize the settlement of 5 million agricultural transfer population and other permanent residents in cities and towns; Both Inner Mongolia and Hebei Province set the number of farmers and herdsmen moving to cities and towns at 4 million, while in Guangxi, the figure was set at 6 million.

The reason why the total population has settled down is because the National New Urbanization Plan (20 14-2020) proposes that by 2020, about 1 100 million agricultural migrants and other permanent residents will settle down in cities and towns and enjoy basic services in cities and towns.

A large number of agricultural population has entered cities and towns, which has brought about changes in the urbanization rate of registered population.

For example, Jiangsu Province proposes that by 2020, the gap between the urbanization rate of registered population and the urbanization rate of permanent population will be reduced to 5 percentage points; Hebei province proposed that the urbanization rate of registered population in the province should reach 45%; Qinghai has set this goal at 50%.

In addition to the overall goal of "by 2020, the urbanization rate of permanent residents in Chongqing will reach more than 65%, and the urbanization rate of registered population will reach about 50%", Chongqing has also formulated more specific goals according to urban functional zoning: in urban functional core areas, urban functional expansion areas and urban development new areas, it is necessary to "highlight the concentration of agricultural transfer population and other permanent residents and promote structural optimization"; In the ecological conservation development zone in northeast Chongqing and the ecological protection development zone in southeast Chongqing, the "orderly reduction of population load" is highlighted.

The reason why we should pay attention to the urbanization rate of registered population is that among a large number of urban permanent residents, many people who work in cities and towns do not have corresponding household registration and cannot enjoy some basic public services of urban residents. Therefore, it is more meaningful to pay attention to this indicator and simply pursue the "urbanization rate".

After setting the target, the 24 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities that have announced specific plans have adopted a "sub-task" approach, assigning different tasks to various departments, and even proposing different time limits for the tasks of different departments.

For example, in Chongqing, the task led by the Municipal Public Security Bureau is to formulate a unified household registration management method for urban and rural areas, which was completed on 20 15; This year, there are also population development plans and urban and rural master plans formulated by local development and reform commissions, planning bureaus and other departments; The detailed rules for the implementation of the residence permit formulated by the Municipal Public Security Bureau, the Legislative Affairs Office of the municipal government and the district and county governments are scheduled to be completed on 20 16.

The settlement policy tends to lower the threshold.

The key to household registration reform is to settle down. In the previous household registration management system, the dual structure of urban household registration and rural household registration was implemented for a long time. Rural hukou holders can own their own homestead and farmland, while urban hukou is called "commodity grain" and enjoys the services and conveniences brought by the city, such as medical care, education, employment and social security.

With the advancement of urbanization, a large number of rural migrant workers go to cities to work, and the population flows across provinces, which brings many challenges to household registration management. Therefore, at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the household registration reform was put forward as an important topic to comprehensively deepen the reform. At the third meeting after the establishment of the central comprehensive deepening reform group, the household registration reform, a major overall reform issue, began to be discussed.

In last year's reform opinion of the State Council, it was clearly put forward that "the distinction between urban and rural hukou should be abolished and unified registration should be implemented". However, how to settle down, what kind of city and what kind of measures to take are different. This is also based on the spirit of the general opinion of the state-fully liberalize the restrictions on the settlement of established towns and small cities, orderly liberalize the restrictions on the settlement of medium-sized cities, reasonably determine the conditions for the settlement of large cities, and strictly control the population size of megacities.

The so-called "liberalization", that is, "lowering the threshold for settlement", refers to some standards that were difficult for rural migrant workers or floating population to meet in the past, but now they are loose. For example, in many places, whether a house is rented or purchased, as long as it is stable, it can be counted as a legally stable residence; As long as there are legal practices, the conditions for couples to take refuge, parents to take refuge and children to take refuge can also be relaxed. As for the settlement of big cities, the state's opinion is that the period of participation in social security should not exceed five years, while in Henan and Anhui, this requirement has been relaxed to two or three years.

Taking Fujian Province as an example, in Fuzhou, Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone and Xiamen, the main indicators including legally stable occupation and legally stable residence (including lease), years of participation in social insurance and years of continuous residence were put forward. On this basis, establish a system of settlement of points; In other parts of the province, children and parents who have not reached the legal age of marriage can move into the household registration as long as they have a legally stable residence and a legal job.

In Guangdong, those who meet the above conditions can also move their household registration to counties and cities outside densely populated cities such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Foshan, Dongguan and Zhongshan. Developed cities with high population density have higher requirements for continuous residence years and social security; In Guangzhou and Shenzhen, the most developed economies, the focus of their reforms is to attract "professionals" urgently needed by local economic and social development and accelerate the adjustment of population structure.

In Hebei province around Beijing and Tianjin, such a loose settlement policy is more distinctive. In addition to fully liberalizing the restrictions on the settlement of districts, cities, small cities and towns with an urban population of less than 6.5438 million, the five cities and counties closest to Beijing and Tianjin-sanhe city, Dachang Hui Autonomous County, Xianghe County, Yongqing County and Gu 'an County-have adopted the method of "setting restrictions separately" instead of fully liberalizing. As for this, it is because Beijing and Tianjin are already megacities, and it is no longer suitable for layout planning on the surrounding megacities, but it is necessary to control the city scale reasonably.

At the same time, in addition to rural areas settling in cities, another highlight of this household registration reform system is to solve the problem of "black households" that could not be settled in the past according to policies.

For example, in Xinjiang, a settlement method for people without household registration has been proposed. Children born out of wedlock, children adopted privately by citizens or children born in non-medical institutions can settle down as long as they are approved by the public security organs. Floating population without household registration can also settle down as long as they meet the conditions for settling down in their current residence.

Residence permit and supporting services are imperative.

After canceling the difference between urban and rural areas and implementing unified population registration, according to the national version of household registration reform, the next step is to implement a stable residence permit system in cities.

20 14 12, the State Council legislative affairs office solicited opinions from the society on the measures for the administration of residence permit (draft for comments). The opinion draft makes it clear that holders of residence permits can enjoy the same rights as registered population, including free compulsory education, equal employment and other rights, and at the same time can gradually enjoy employment support, housing security, old-age care, social welfare, and the right of accompanying children to take the college entrance examination locally. This move is to solve the problem of long-term settlement of local industrial and commercial offices, and it is also an important reform of the temporary residence permit system that has been implemented for a long time.

In the specific reform opinions of various places, the word "residence permit" is basically not absent. Jiangsu, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Guangdong and other places have proposed to establish, deepen and improve the residence permit system in an all-round way. As long as you live in a local city for more than half a year, you can apply for a residence permit; With the residence permit as the carrier, you can apply for permanent residence after different points systems in different places.

Why should we make such great efforts to carry out the household registration reform and design a series of supporting reform measures at the same time?

The answer is that the current household registration system has caused de facto inequality and brought a lot of inconvenience to "non-local" workers, thus affecting the freedom and optimization of population flow.

According to the statistics of Gu Shengzu, deputy director of NPC Financial and Economic Committee, the current household registration management system has led to more than 60 kinds of interest inequality between urban and rural areas, involving employment, housing, medical care, social security, public services and so on. Especially for migrant workers, this kind of unequal welfare is more obvious, which can be described as "the same job in the same city, but the treatment is different."

Yan Yu, executive director of the Peking University Municipal Government Management Research Center, said that the goal of the household registration system reform in China is to realize the freedom of residence and migration on the basis of the legal system. However, there are huge policy differences in employment, housing and social security between regions, between big cities and small towns, and between towns and rural areas, and it is still impossible to achieve equalization quickly. For local governments, household registration reform means giving the floating population citizen treatment, and it also means expanding fiscal expenditure. As far as the immediate interests are concerned, the cost of reform is greater than the benefits brought by reform. Without obvious political achievements, it will cost a lot of money in the short term, which is also an important obstacle to the reform of household registration system.

This means that no matter what policies are adopted to attract migrants to settle in cities, the fundamental problem is to improve the carrying capacity of cities, expand the coverage of urban basic public services such as education, employment, medical care, old-age care and housing security, and realize the equalization of basic public services. This is related to the financial capacity of different places, so the intensity and progress of different places are not the same.

For example, in Shandong Province, compulsory education for the children who move with them is included in the educational development planning and financial guarantee of governments at all levels. At the same time, it is clear that the rural population who have settled in the city will continue to retain the "transition period of birth policy adjustment" for five years; Jiangsu's goal is more specific. By 2020, the children of migrant workers in Jiangsu will enjoy the same treatment as registered students in receiving compulsory education and taking entrance examinations in the inflow areas, with the proportion reaching 100%. At the same time, it is necessary to implement provincial-level land acquisition compensation and social security measures for landless farmers, bring landless farmers into the urban and rural social security system, and promote equal pay for equal work for migrant workers and urban workers.

In the process of promoting the citizenization of household registration, all localities also emphasize respecting the opinions of farmers and not engaging in coercion to prevent people from being "settled".

Inner Mongolia's reform measures point out that farmers and herdsmen should not be forced to settle in cities in the name of ecological migration, poverty alleviation migration, centralized land improvement and centralized land transfer, etc. Shandong Province suggested that whether the peasants who settled in the city should withdraw from the "three powers" with compensation should be carried out under the premise of fully respecting the wishes of peasants and promoted in an orderly manner.

"Behind the reform of the household registration system is actually the question of whether the financial capacity and management capacity of a place can match its actual scale or status, which is the process of the reform of the entire urban governance system." Ma Qingbin, an expert at China International Economic Exchange Center, said.

(From news reports)