About the Berlin Wall

Berlin Wall

Berlin Wall/Berlin Moore

The fence around west Berlin. According to the decree passed by the People's House on August 196 1, the East German government built it at night from August 12 to August 13. The purpose is to prevent East German residents, including skilled workers, from flooding into West Germany. Originally a barricade surrounded by iron thistles, it was later built into a two-meter-high concrete wall with barbed wire at the top. Set up guards at official intersections and watchtowers along the route. 1970, although the relationship between East and West Germany improved, the East German government raised the Berlin Wall to 3 meters to prevent residents from fleeing to the west. To 1980, the total length of fence, power grid and fortress is 1369 km. In addition to building the wall, the movement of people between West Berlin and East Germany is also strictly restricted. Later, according to the agreement signed by the governments of East and West Germany on February 20th, 197 165438, the restrictions were slightly relaxed. 1989 in the second half of the year, the political situation in eastern European countries changed dramatically. Under the impact of the wave of emigration to West Germany, the GDR overthrew the Berlin Wall, which existed for 28 years and 3 months, on June 9 of the same year, and promoted the reunification of Germany.

On the land of Europe, there appeared the strongest but shortest-lived Great Wall-the "Berlin Wall" in Germany. The Berlin Wall, like the "March 8th" cement wall on the Korean Peninsula, is the product of World War II. It is made of cement and can be called two "sister walls" of Eurasia.

The Berlin Wall, officially called the Anti-Fascist Defense Wall, was built by the German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany for short) on its own territory in Berlin, Germany, after the Second World War, with the purpose of separating West Germany (including West Berlin, the capital of East Germany) from West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany or West Germany for short), thus blocking the exchanges between citizens of East and West Berlin. The establishment of the Berlin Wall is an important symbol of Germany's division and cold war after World War II. Built in 196 1 year, demolished in 1990, and the two virtues were restored. The establishment of the Berlin Wall is an indelible scar in German history. The greatest sorrow of this nation is to split again.

background

Berlin Wall After World War II, Germany and Berlin were divided into four regions by the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France. 1949, the German Democratic Republic was established in Soviet-occupied areas, including East Berlin, with its capital in East Berlin, and the Federal Republic of Germany was established in the occupied areas of the United States, Britain and France with its capital in Bonn. The occupation agreement between the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union ensured the air corridor between the Federal Republic of Germany and West Berlin. Both the Federal Law and the Basic Law of West Berlin define West Berlin as the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany. However, the United States, Britain and France delayed the implementation of the regulations because of conflicts with the status quo, so West Berlin was not the territory of West Germany until the end of the Cold War and the reunification of Germany.

At first, Berlin citizens were free to move between districts, but with the intensification of cold war tensions, the border between East and West Berlin began to close at 1952. From 1949 to 196 1, about 2.5 million East Germans fled to West Berlin.

history

The construction of the Berlin Wall began on August 3rd. At first it was just barbed wire, but later it was replaced by many real walls. East Germany called this wall an "anti-fascist defense wall", but most western countries believe that the real purpose of building this wall is to prevent East Germans from fleeing into West Berlin.

The Berlin Wall is more than 0/55 kilometers long and about 3~4 meters high. It can be divided into:

Zero-level defense line: 302 watchtowers.

The first layer of defense: about 3.5 meters high, smooth and lightweight concrete wall, with wire fences and alarms in some places.

The second line of defense: steel refuses to horse.

The third line of defense: 2m high barbed wire.

The fourth layer of defense: audio alarm line

The fifth layer of defense: barbed wire (live)

The sixth line of defense: bunker (***22)

The seventh line of defense: cables used to guide (slide) police dogs (***600 police dogs)

The eighth line of defense: 6~ 15 meters wide open space without turf, which can leave the footprints of fugitives and is buried with mines.

The ninth line of defense: 3~5 meters deep anti-vehicle trench.

The tenth layer of defense: 5-meter-high street lamps

Eleventh line of defense: armed guards (*** 14000)

Twelfth layer defense: 2 meters high electrified barbed wire with alarm.

The thirteenth layer of defense: open space

14 line of defense: the second cement wall, 3.5 ~ 4.2m high and 15cm thick, can resist the impact of armored vehicles.

Line 15: Some places need to swim across spree river.

On June 1987, when Ronald Reagan visited West Berlin, he gave a speech in front of the Berlin Wall at Brandenburg Gate: "Mr. Gorbachev, please tear down this wall!" After the completion of the Berlin Wall, some people jumped over it, dug tunnels and swam. * * * 5043 people managed to escape into West Berlin, 322/kloc-0 people were arrested, 239 people were killed and 260 people were injured.

The most heartbreaking thing is that in 196 1 year, an East German youth was brutally killed by the East German army while crossing the Berlin Wall, only 17 years old! ! ! ! He became the first victim and the youngest victim under the Berlin Wall! !

1989165438+19 October, the new government of East Germany began to plan to relax the travel restrictions for East Germans. However, because Günter Schabowski, a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee in East Germany, misunderstood the orders of his superiors at that time, he mistakenly announced that the Berlin Wall was about to open, causing thousands of citizens to take to the streets and tear down the Berlin Wall. This incident became the "Berlin Wall Collapse". Although the wall itself did not collapse, it was later demolished. The collapse of the Berlin Wall is regarded by historians as the beginning of the end of the Cold War between East and West, and it is also a symbol of the unification of East and West Berlin and East and West Germany. 1990101On October 3rd, the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) joined the Federal Republic of Germany, and Germany and Berlin were unified.

Today, Berlin still retains a small section of the city wall as a memorial and historical witness, attracting a large number of tourists.