The knowledge structure of 12. 13 in the history of the third grade people's education edition.

Preview study plan

Setting questions and reading instructions

1. Native Americans are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

2.65438+At the beginning of the 7th century, _ _ _ _ _ people began to establish colonies along the Atlantic coast of North America. More than one hundred years later, the number of colonies has reached _ _ _ _ _.

3.1775 In April, the British army exchanged fire with the militia in _ _ _ near Boston, and the North American People's War of Independence began. Soon, the people of the colony called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, decided to form an army against the British army, and appointed _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ as the commander-in-chief.

4._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

5. 1777, in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

6. 1787, the United States makes a constitution. Establish that the United States is a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ country, and stipulate that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ was elected as successive presidents of the United States. Key information

1. Indians

2. UK 13

3. Lexington mainland

Meet with Washington

4. 1776

Declaration of Independence

5. Saratoga

1783

6. Federal President

Executive assembly

Washington supreme court

research design

Learning points

First, the development of British North American colonies

1. Master of American Indians.

2. Britain colonized North America. /kloc-At the beginning of the 7th century, Britain began to colonize the Atlantic coast of North America. 100 years later, the number of colonies reached 13.

The colonial people in North America promoted economic development.

4. North American economic types. Industry and commerce in the north are developed, especially shipbuilding. The south is a plantation economy, mainly producing cash crops such as tobacco and cotton. The central region is dominated by agriculture, producing wheat and corn.

Second, the North American War of Independence

1. Reason: Britain hopes that North America will always be its raw material producing area and sales market, and tries its best to suppress the economic development of North America.

2. fuse: Boston tea party.

experience

(1)1In April 775, the British army raided the North American militia powder magazine, and the two sides officially exchanged fire in Lexington, and the war broke out. Historically, it was called "Lexington artillery fire".

(2) North America held a continental congress, formed an army, and elected Washington as commander in chief.

(3) 1776 On July 4th, the Continental Congress issued the Declaration of Independence, announcing the independence of North America 13 colony from Britain.

(4) 1777, the American army defeated the British in the battle of Saratoga, which became a turning point in the war, and was called "the victory of Saratoga" in history.

(5) 1783, Britain was defeated and recognized American independence.

4. The formulation of the first constitution

(1) Time: 1787. Historical name 1787 Constitution.

(2) Main contents: The Constitution establishes the United States as a federal state, and stipulates that the president is both the head of state and the head of government, and enjoys executive power; Congress and the Supreme Court have legislative power and judicial power respectively. At the same time, Washington was elected as the first president of the United States.

5. Influence

(1) The American War of Independence ended British colonial rule, which was beneficial to the development of American capitalism.

(2) The American War of Independence also promoted revolutions in Europe and Latin America. Learning methods and guidance

Dialysis 1 makes it clear that Indians have lived in the American continent since ancient times and are the masters of America.

Dialysis 2 Remember the time when the British landed northward and the number of colonies.

Note: Read the quotations before class to find out how the British landed on the American continent.

Dialysis 3: Understand the process of the formation of American nations: The immigrants from Europe to North American colonies are mainly British, followed by Germans, French, Dutch, Swedes and other nations. After long-term development and frequent economic exchanges, they initially formed a unified market, and English became a unified language, thus forming a new nation-the American nation, which was formed by the integration of immigrants from Europe.

Dialysis 4 makes it clear that the plantation economy in the south is engaged in commodity production, and the planter is both a landlord, a slave owner and an agricultural capitalist.

Dialysis 5 Note that the Boston Tea Party incident is only the fuse of the war, not the sign of the beginning.

Dialysis 6 Continental Conference is the representative meeting of British North America 13 colony, and the revolutionary leading body during the War of Independence.

Dialysis 7 It is difficult to analyze and evaluate the Declaration of Independence: the publication of the Declaration of Independence marks the independence of North America from Britain and the birth of the United States of America, and then July 4 every year is designated as the American Independence Day; The progressiveness of the Declaration of Independence lies in that it reflects the demands of the colonial people to get rid of national oppression, and contains the bourgeois idea of striving for national independence, democracy and freedom.

Dialysis 8. Know the route of the war and master the important battle site: Saratoga, Yorktown.

To analyze the influence of American War of Independence, we can analyze it from three aspects: the nature of the war and the domestic and international significance of its victory.

Dialysis 10 clarified the "three systems" established by the US 1787 Constitution-federalism, separation of powers, democracy and harmony. Through the relevant materials and contents of the text, and compared with the Declaration of Independence, this paper analyzes its "three characteristics"-certain democracy, certain limitations and certain conservatism.

Dialysis 1 1 The birth of America is complicated and hard to remember. In order to help students analyze teaching materials, grasp the general laws of the national liberation war and the particularity of the American War of Independence, and grasp the clues of remembering the main events and years of the birth of the United States, we can make a brief summary:

Shooting in Lexington (65438+April 0775)

Army Architecture-Washington Continental Army (1775)

Declare independence-the declaration of independence was issued (1776, July 4th).

Turning point-Saratoga (1777)

Recognition-Britain recognizes American independence (178 1 year)

The establishment of the government-1787 the constitution was formulated and the federal government was established (1787).

exploratory research

research subject

First, inquiry questions

1. Read the pictures carefully and answer the questions:

(1) Which historical event is reflected in the above picture? When did it happen?

(2) What is the significance of this matter?

2. Read the following information about a historical figure and answer the questions:

This person was born in a large plantation family in eastern Virginia on February 22, 1732. 1759- 1774, member of the Virginia legislature; 1774 and 1775 were elected as delegates to the first and second continental congresses; 1775, the second continental congress appointed him as commander-in-chief of the continental army; 1789 was elected as the first president of the United States; 1793 re-elected; 1799 12 14 died of laryngitis.

(1) According to the information, who is this character?

(2) What is this person's outstanding contribution?

3. Read the comparison table of American and British military forces in the American War of Independence and answer the questions:

Countries, Britain and the United States

Old colonial countries and young countries with ancient economies

The local population is 67 million and the colonial population is less than 3 million.

The troops are 90 thousand, 20 thousand to 30 thousand

Equipped with sufficient munitions, the powerful fleet is short of materials and there is no navy.

The table shows that the United States was at a disadvantage in the war, but the British army still ended in failure. Why? What did this war give you?

Second, the subject synthesis problem

4. Read the following materials to answer the questions.

The population density of the United States is 26.9 people per square kilometer, with whites accounting for more than 80%, blacks accounting for 12. 1%, Latin American immigrants accounting for 9%, Asians accounting for 2.9%, and Indians accounting for10.4 million, accounting for about 0.8% of the total population. The population distribution in the United States is extremely uneven, and most of them are concentrated near the Great Lakes, the Mississippi River and the Atlantic coast. America is a typical immigrant country.

(1) White Americans mainly come from, and black Americans mainly come from.

(2) What is the reason why the American population is mainly concentrated on the east coast of the Atlantic Ocean?

My ancestors first came to America as slaves. At present, the poverty rate of blacks is two to three times that of whites, and the unemployment rate is twice that of whites. We Indians are native Americans, but our ancestors were ruthlessly killed by white people, and those who survived were driven to live in "reservations" in the western mountainous areas.

(3) What kind of social reality does the above materials reflect in the United States?

(4) What was the main reason for the American War of Independence?

The United States is the largest economic power in the world today, and its main factors are always attaching importance to the development of knowledge economy and vigorously developing knowledge-intensive high-tech industries. Today, more than 56 million Americans are educated in various schools and universities across the country. China/KLOC-Half of people aged 0/8 ~ 25 are studying in universities.

(5) July 4th, 2005 is the founding day of the United States? What is the symbol of the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC)?

(6) The United States ranks first in the world with a land area of square kilometers.

(7) List the major industrial cities in the United States. (at least 4)

(8) The rapid development of American economy has proved what great conclusion Comrade Deng Xiaoping made?

Third, the issue of openness.

Some people say that without the arrival of European colonists, North America's economy would not have developed so fast, nor would it be as powerful as the United States today. Do you agree with this statement? Talk about your opinion. Explore methods, approaches and skills

1. Curriculum standards require mastering the contents of the Declaration of Independence. Grasp the content, but also know the time, content and significance of its publication.

The thinking of solving problems is familiar with the illustrations in the textbook and improve the ability to read pictures.

The reference answer (1) reflects the signing of the Declaration of Independence. 1776.(2) declare the independence of North America 13 colony from Britain.

2. The curriculum standard requires that the main activities in Washington be described. This topic uses new materials, creates new situations and trains the ability to use knowledge flexibly.

The way to solve the problem can be judged as Washington according to the information of "Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army" and "First President of the United States".

Reference answer (1) Washington. (2) led and won the American War of Independence.

3. The curriculum standard requires an understanding of the process of the American War of Independence.

The way to solve the problem to analyze the success or failure of the war should be analyzed from the aspects of the nature of the war, the support of the leaders, the people, and foreign aid.

The American resistance to British colonial rule is a just war. During the war, the American people, Qi Xin, worked together and received assistance from the Netherlands and other countries. At the same time, the American army was led by the great leader Washington, which was the main reason for the victory. The failure of Britain tells us that the unjust war is doomed to failure, and we should work hard for world peace.

4. Curriculum standards require an understanding of the causes and consequences of the American War of Independence and a grasp of the contents and significance of the Declaration of Independence.

Based on history, combined with other disciplines, we can fully understand the development history of the United States.

Reference answer (1) Europe and Africa (2) The eastern part of the United States is dominated by plains, with low altitude, fertile land and suitable climate. At the same time, the east is also the earliest area where European colonists arrived, with a concentrated population. (3) Racial discrimination (4) The British colonialists carried out bloody plunder and slaughter of blacks and Indians, and ethnic conflicts intensified. At the same time, Britain wants to use North America as its raw material producing area and sales market, and tries its best to suppress the economic development of North America, and the resistance of the North American people is high. The publication of the Declaration of Independence marks the coming of 230 years. New york, Chicago, Houston, Seattle, San Francisco, Los Angeles, etc. (8) Science and technology are the primary productive forces.

5. To learn to analyze historical events comprehensively, we should take a positive attitude from the fact that the arrival of European colonists brought many favorable changes to North America.

Synchronous compliance

A-level basic training (quiz)

1. Multiple choice questions: Only one of the four options listed in each question meets the requirements of the topic.

1. Native Americans are

A. Eskimo B. Inca

C. Indians D. Blacks

2. British colonization in North America began in 1860.

14th century A.D.

3. The capitalist industrial and commercial developed areas in the North American colonies are

A. East B. South C. West D. North

4. The main purpose of British colonization of America is

A. National population transfer

B. use it as a raw material producing area and a commodity market.

C. Help North America develop its economy

D. in order to prove that the earth is round

5. The outstanding leader of the American War of Independence is

A. Lincoln Washington

C. Cromwell Franklin

6. The following countries supported the American War of Independence?

A. Spain b Portugal c France d Russia

7. 1787 the us constitution stipulates that legislative power belongs to

A. President B, Congress C, Supreme Court D, Continental Congress

8. The United States experienced before and after the War of Independence.

3 years, 5 years, 7 years and 8 years.

Level b ability test (climb high and look far)

1. Multiple choice questions: Only one of the four options listed in each question meets the requirements of the topic.

1. British colonies in North America are concentrated in

A. Pacific coast B. Atlantic coast

C. Gulf Coast D. Inland United States

2. The beginning of the American War of Independence was marked by

A. Boston Tea Party B. Publication of the Declaration of Independence

C. Lexington Follette D. Continental Congress

3. In what year did Britain recognize American independence?

A.1776b.1777c.1781year D. 1783

4. In the American War of Independence, the battle in which the US military took the initiative was

A. Battle of Lexington, Battle of Concord

C. Battle of Yorktown D. Battle of Saratoga

5. The fundamental reason for the victory of American War of Independence lies in

A. International assistance B. Advanced weapons

C. Tactical flexibility D. People's support

6. The composition of1787 does not contain the following statements.

A. Establishing a federal state of the United States

B. stipulate that the president is the head of state and government.

C. Empowering Congress with judicial power

D. The President of the United States enjoys executive power

Second, the material analysis problem

7. Read the following materials

With goodwill, with in the name of people and the strength of these colonies, we solemnly declare that these United colonies have since become, and should naturally become, free and independent United States. They have lifted all their subordination to the British king and all their political ties with the United Kingdom should be completely abolished.

Answer:

(1) What document was extracted from the material and when was it published?

② What is the main content of the document? What is the significance of its publication?

Third, analyze the problem:

8. Some people say: "The American War of Independence was a national liberation war". Others said, "It is a revolutionary struggle in the asset stage." Which view is appropriate? Give your opinion.

9. A western scholar said, "America has no childhood, only young people." Do you agree with this statement? Please briefly explain your answer.

Further reading

Mayflower and the origin of Thanksgiving.

Traditional festivals in the United States and other countries. It is scheduled for the last Thursday of June every year165438+1October. Celebrating a year's harvest and praying for peace and prosperity are these activities.

The origin of Thanksgiving Day is related to the religious disputes of Christianity in England. From the end of 16 to the end of 17, in order to get rid of the cruel persecution of the government and the church, Bradford, the famous leader of the Puritans, gathered 102 companions and set his sights on America. 1620 In September, he boarded a wooden sailboat may flower with a weight of 180 tons and a length of 90 feet, and began the adventure voyage of Columbus exploration.

The sea is very stormy and the waves are very high. Mayflower is like a leaf in a storm, drifting forward with difficulty, and is in danger of sinking and dying almost at any time. However, with the concerted efforts of Qi Xin, the ship did not encounter any damage. After sailing for 66 days, it arrived safely at Cape Cod in North America on165438+1October 2 1 day, which is the port of Thurstown, provine, Massachusetts, USA today. Interestingly, only one of all the explorers died in this dangerous expedition. However, due to the birth of a baby during the trip, the number of people arriving in the United States is still 102. Immigrants are devout believers, all with their hands crossed, and sincerely thank God for his care. Before landing, in order to effectively manage the future world, 4/kloc-0 Puritan colonists on board signed a document, the famous Mayflower Contract, which was regarded as the first political contract document in American history and occupied an important position in the history of American political thought.

It was winter, and many people died of hunger, cold and disease. A winter has passed, and only 50 of the 65,438+002 immigrants who came to the United States through difficulties and obstacles remain. At this critical moment, the local Indians warmly welcomed the immigrants and sent them many necessities as gifts. The most experienced and capable Indians were sent to teach immigrants how to live in this land and teach them skills such as fishing, hunting, farming and raising turkeys.

In the first year, the weather was fine and the weather was good. With the guidance and help of Indians, the immigrants got a bumper harvest, finally overcame the difficulties of life and lived a stable and prosperous life. Bradford, governor of Plymouth, issued a declaration of gratitude, inviting Indians to celebrate the harvest with them and thanking God for his grace. The activity lasted for three days, which was the first Thanksgiving in history.

There is a Chinese character tablet on the Washington Monument.

In Washington, the capital of the United States, there is a famous Washington Memorial Tower. This is an obelisk built of white marble, which is 555.55 feet high and weighs 9 1 10,000 tons. It took 36 years to complete.

The inner wall of the tower is composed of 190 memorial stones, including a ten-level Chinese character monument praising Washington, which was the Washington Memorial Tower given by the China government as a gift to the US government in 1853. The inscription praised Washington as an outstanding figure, saying that he led the uprising against Chen Sheng and Guangwu, was brave in China, and created the territory of Cao Cao and Liu Bei. Although he took up arms and expanded the territory, he did not claim to be king, nor did he pass it on to future generations. Instead, he established a democratic system and made the world public. He pays attention to etiquette and morality in governing the country, but not to martial arts, which is completely different from other countries. His looks and temperament are unmatched by ordinary people, and he is a real hero. The United States of America was established successfully, and its territory was Wan Li. It did not establish a title of nobility, nor did it follow the backward system. Everything is decided by everyone, creating an unprecedented new situation in ancient and modern times. Because of his greatness, no one can compare with Washington at all times.

This eulogy in Washington was very taboo in the society that focused on the Qing dynasty at that time. After reading this passage, Americans expressed their gratitude and reverence for the inscription author Xu Jishe. People who come to visit the memorial tower now, especially China people, will always find this Chinese character plaque and read the words on it.

Reference answer

A-level basic training (quiz)

1、C 2、D 3、D 4、B 5、B 6、C 7、B 8、D

Level b ability test (climb high and look far)

1, B. This question focuses on students' ability to see pictures; 2. C. This topic focuses on the process of the war of independence, in which it needs to be clear that option A is the fuse; 3. The topic of D .4.d is clearly stated in the textbook; There are many factors that determine the success or failure of a war, but the most fundamental thing is to see whether the battle is supported by the people, that is, whether it is a just war. 6. C. This topic is very clear.

7① Declaration of Independence1776 On July 4th, ② North America 13 colony was declared independent from Britain. It marks the birth of the United States of America, America.

8. Neither of these statements is comprehensive. Judging from the North American people's resistance to British colonial rule for independence, this is a national liberation war; Judging from the fact that the North American people resisted colonial rule, developed their own capitalist economy and established a capitalist system, it was also a bourgeois revolution.

9. Answer 1: The United States has been a capitalist society since its founding, so it has no childhood. Answer 2: American nations are mainly composed of European immigrants, and have experienced the stage of colonization or national integration, so they have childhood. Answer 3: America is an immigrant country and lacks the same ancient historical and cultural traditions, so there is no childhood.