Six viewpoints gradually recognized by the Three Gorges Project?

During the practice of the Three Gorges Project 10, people's understanding of the Three Gorges Project has gradually deepened, and they have a deeper understanding of six viewpoints: the Yangtze River flood control should not be achieved overnight, but a complete flood control system should be built; The Three Gorges Project is an eco-environmental protection project to improve the water environment of the Yangtze River. Immigration project is a century problem and also a poverty alleviation project; Power distribution: from the need for "Three Gorges electric energy" to the need for "Three Gorges high-quality electric energy"; Project investment: from whether the national strength can bear it, to choosing suitable financing channels; Quality is the life of the Three Gorges Project.

Keywords: flood control system, environmental protection, migration

165438+20021October 6th, another memorable day in the Three Gorges Project. At 9: 50 am, the diversion canal was successfully intercepted. This indicates that the construction of the Three Gorges Project has passed the most difficult and critical phase II project and successfully transferred to the third phase.

From this day on, the historical mission of diversion open channel was declared complete, and the Yangtze River officially bid farewell to the dam on the right bank of the Three Gorges Project, which is another great change in the construction process of the Three Gorges Project.

In fact, great changes have taken place from time to time in the Three Gorges Project, but some changes are grand and eye-catching with the help of ceremonies. And more changes, like spring rain, grow and grow unconsciously. When did the former Baozhong Island move out? When did the former Tanziling split into the "fourth gorge" of the Yangtze River? When did it become a giant ship lock that opened freely in the world? When did the Three Gorges Dam, the towering main riverbed of the Yangtze River, stand in front of us? ……

There is also a more subtle change, that is, people's understanding of the Three Gorges Project. In the practice of Three Gorges Project 10, people's understanding of the project is gradually deepening.

1 The flood control of the Yangtze River cannot be achieved overnight, but a complete flood control system should be built.

In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Yangtze River basin was repeatedly flooded, and the Three Gorges reservoir was once called a "one-stop war" project. After nearly half a century of scientific research and demonstration, people fully realize that the Three Gorges Project is a key project to develop and harness the Yangtze River and plays an irreplaceable role in the flood control system of the Yangtze River.

1998, that is, the fifth year of the construction of the Three Gorges Project, a rare catastrophic flood broke out in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. At the critical moment of flood control in the Yangtze River, Gezhouba Hydro-junction, which has been built as a radial hydropower station, has carried out extraordinary water storage and staggered with the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, reducing the discharge of 2000m3/s, making a special contribution to the rescue of Jingjiang levee. Facing the severe flood, people feel the importance of the Three Gorges Project. At the same time, people also realize that China's disaster prevention ability is still very weak, and there are many tributaries of the Yangtze River. It is impossible to completely eliminate the Yangtze River flood only by the Three Gorges Project. Reasonable planning of flood diversion areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and reinforcement of dikes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River cannot be relaxed. 1998 After the flood, the State Council increased its investment in the construction of the Yangtze River flood control system.

In the practice of the Three Gorges Project, water conservancy experts have deepened their understanding of the Yangtze River and the Three Gorges Project. Lu, general manager of China Three Gorges Corporation, believes that a relatively complete flood control system should be formed in the Yangtze River basin. More reservoirs should be built in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and vegetation protection measures should be taken to do a good job in soil and water conservation and reduce sediment deposition. Developing the hydraulic resources in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River can not only solve the power problem, but also better realize the power development strategy of "transmitting electricity from west to east", expand the flood storage capacity of the Three Gorges Reservoir and reduce sediment deposition. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River should strengthen the Yangtze River dikes, rationally plan flood diversion areas, return farmland to lakes, and increase flood discharge capacity; In addition, the construction of the Three Gorges Project, a key flood control project in the Yangtze River, will increase the reliability and flexibility of flood control dispatching in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and avoid or alleviate serious social problems caused by dam breaches. Only in this way can a relatively complete flood control system of the Yangtze River be formed.

Based on the Three Gorges Project, to establish a complete flood control system for the Yangtze River, China's water conservancy undertaking has a long way to go, and it is impossible to "protect the world with one reservoir", which has become the understanding of more and more water conservancy people.

The Three Gorges Project is an eco-environmental protection project to improve the water environment of the Yangtze River.

Just as the construction of water conservancy projects has advantages and disadvantages to the ecological environment, the construction of the Three Gorges Project will also bring some environmental problems.

Floods have always been a major concern in China. According to historical records, during the two thousand years before 1949, a major flood occurred in China every two years on average. In the decades after the founding of New China, only the frequent catastrophic floods in the Yangtze River basin are enough to wake people up. "The flood itself is caused by ecological imbalance", and more and more people realize that the Three Gorges Project, with flood control as its first task, is an environmental protection project to improve the ecological environment of the Yangtze River as a whole. ?

As a key project in the Yangtze River flood control system, the flood control standard of Jingjiang reach can be raised from 10 to 100, which will protect 23 million mu of fertile land and a large number of towns in Jianghan Plain and Dongting Lake area, provide a safer living and development environment for150 thousand residents, prolong the life of Dongting Lake, and create conditions for the fundamental management of Dongting Lake area. This is the Three Gorges. Compared with coal-fired power stations with the same power generation, the huge clean energy provided by the Three Gorges Hydropower Station can reduce the emission of hundreds of millions of tons of harmful gases, wastewater and waste residue every year, which will play a significant positive role in improving the environment in East China and Central China and preventing the harm of acid rain and greenhouse effect.

The decision-makers and builders of the Three Gorges Project have a clear understanding of the possible adverse environmental impact of the project construction. With the development of the Three Gorges Project, ecological environment protection has become more and more important.

Since the Three Gorges Project started construction, it has always adhered to the principle of simultaneous construction and environmental protection, and attached great importance to ecological environmental protection. The results of environmental monitoring in recent nine years show that the adverse impact of construction on the environment has been controlled to a minimum.

Before the construction of the Three Gorges Project, many environmentalists expressed concern about the possible environmental problems during the relocation of the reservoir area. In the process of resettlement in the Three Gorges reservoir area, environmental protection has been highly valued by the CPC Central Committee, the State Council and governments at all levels in the reservoir area. In order to prevent rural migrants from destroying forest vegetation due to limited environmental capacity, and to prevent relocated enterprises with serious pollution, backward productivity and lack of competitiveness from forming new pollution sources, the State Council made two important adjustments to the immigration policy from 65438 to 0999: some migrants no longer depended on the local area, but moved to live outside the reservoir area, and all factories with serious pollution were closed.

In order to ensure the fundamental improvement of the environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, the Water Pollution Prevention and Control Plan for the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and its Upper Reaches approved by the State Council has been implemented. The plan is clear: by 2005, the water quality of the Three Gorges reservoir area and its upstream main control sections will reach the national third-class standard of surface water pollution environmental quality, and man-made destruction of the ecological environment will be basically curbed; By 20 10, the water quality of the Three Gorges reservoir area and its upstream main control sections basically reached the national second-class standard for surface water environment, and the ecological environment of the reservoir area was obviously improved. We will see that the water quality of the Yangtze River is more "clean" after water storage.

In order to control geological disasters in the Three Gorges reservoir area, the State Council has stipulated that from 2002, 4 billion yuan will be allocated from the Three Gorges Project Construction Fund to control geological disasters such as landslides in the Three Gorges reservoir area.

In order to track and monitor the ecological and environmental problems that may be caused by the Three Gorges Project in the whole process, find out the problems in time, put forward measures to alleviate the adverse effects, and accumulate data for the retrospective environmental impact assessment of the Three Gorges Project in the future, the ministries of environmental protection, water conservancy, agriculture, forestry, meteorology, health, geology and mineral resources, earthquake and transportation, China Academy of Sciences, China Three Gorges Corporation, Hubei Province and Chongqing Municipal People's Government have jointly established the "Ecology and Environment of the Three Gorges Project" system, which is the environment of the Three Gorges Project.

The five-year follow-up monitoring data of the "Three Gorges Project Ecological Environment Monitoring Network" jointly established by relevant ministries and academic institutions show that the Three Gorges Project not only caused some rumored "ecological disasters in the reservoir area", but also improved some ecological indicators.

3. The resettlement project is a century-long problem and also a poverty alleviation project.

The Three Gorges Project flooded 22 districts and counties in Hubei Province and Chongqing, with a total immigrant population of 1 654,380+million. Reservoir resettlement at home and abroad is unprecedented, and the task of resettlement is very arduous. Therefore, the Three Gorges immigrants are called "century problems".

In the process of solving this "century problem", tens of thousands of migrant cadres and masses have made great efforts and made great sacrifices, so that the resettlement work can be carried out smoothly. By July 2002, 646,000 people had been resettled, and more than half of the1000000 resettlement task had been completed.

10' s immigration experience tells people that it is the construction of the Three Gorges Project that has brought historic opportunities to the development of the Three Gorges reservoir area and promoted the economic development and all-round social progress of the reservoir area. When the Three Gorges migrants bid farewell to their homeland with tears, it is also the beginning of their new life. The process of relocation has become the process of immigrants getting rich. Statistics show that 10 year after the Three Gorges Project started is the fastest period of economic development in the history of the Three Gorges reservoir area. By May, 2002, relevant departments and industries of provinces, municipalities and the State Council had provided counterpart support to the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, * * * introduced funds1kloc-0/23 million yuan for the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, implemented 2 1.9 1 projects for economic cooperation, and provided funds for social welfare projects/kloc-0. In 2000, the ratio of gross national product1county in the Three Gorges reservoir area increased by 2.2 1993, the fiscal revenue increased by 1.83 times, and the per capita net income of farmers increased by 2.2 times. In 200 1 and 2002, the economy of the reservoir area continued to maintain rapid growth.

For those immigrants who live in the reservoir area with inconvenient transportation and poor land for a long time, relocation will not only bring economic growth, but also improve the living environment.

Gao Cunzhong, a 7 1 year-old immigrant who lives in Lianchuan Village, Nantuo Town, Fuling, said with emotion: My family has lived by the Yangtze River for generations. When it rains, it will inevitably fall. Now the road leads to the door, and it takes only half an hour to get to the city.

The 48-year-old migrant student who moved from Yunyang to Beixin Village, Huating Town, Jiading District, Shanghai believes that Shanghai is a place with many opportunities, and now it is not "survival" but "development".

In order to promote and maintain the sustained and healthy economic development of the Three Gorges reservoir area, according to the resource advantages, market demand and industrial base of the Three Gorges area, the State Council Three Gorges Office has determined that citrus, herbivorous animal husbandry and tourism are the pillar industries and advantageous industries for the development of the Three Gorges reservoir area, and has compiled two plans for citrus industry and herbivorous animal husbandry, which will promote the economic structure adjustment of the reservoir area, increase farmers' income and lay a good foundation for the long-term development of the Three Gorges reservoir area.

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