Ethnic Problems in Jin 'an Mosque: the "Faith" of Ma Benzhai, a Hui Hero

Zheng Chenggong, a national hero, defeated the Dutch colonialists who occupied Taiwan Province Province for 38 years in 1662, recovered our sacred territory and wrote this poem "Return to Taiwan Province". The poem highly summarizes the difficult course of seizing Taiwan Province Province, and expresses with infinite affection the flesh and blood relationship of sharing weal and woe with the soldiers.

Zheng Chenggong (1624— 1662) was a famous national hero in China in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. His real name is Sen, and he is from Shijing Village, Nan 'an County, Fujian Province. His father, Zheng Zhilong, was the "Jian 'anbo" of the Longwu Dynasty in the Southern Ming Dynasty. He once organized immigrants from Taiwan Province Province and actively developed Taiwan Province Island. 1645 (the second year of Qing Shunzhi) 2 1 year-old was summoned by the emperor Zhu of the Chang Dynasty in Fuzhou. He is highly appreciated and regarded as his family. He was given a surname (Zhu) and successfully renamed. Therefore, he is honored as "Guo Xingye" at home and abroad. 1653 (Shunzhi 10), Li Yong (Zhu Youlang) of Nanming Emperor named him "King of Yanping County".

Zheng Chenggong's activities were carried out during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the invasion of the East by western colonists. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/646 (the third year of Qing Shun), the Qing army attacked Fujian, and Emperor Longwu was captured alive. Zheng Chenggong's father, Zheng Zhilong, mastered the military power of the Longwu court, and under the temptation of the traitor Hong Chengchou, led the army to surrender to the Qing Dynasty. Zheng Chenggong opposed his father, Qin Long, and led his troops to ambush Nanwo Island in Guangdong, then advanced to Gulangyu Island in Xiamen, and occupied Xiamen and Jinmen Islands in 1650 (the seventh year of Qing Shunzhi). After that, it fought against the Qing army, gradually recovered the Zhang Quan area in Fujian, and controlled the southeast coastal areas from Zhoushan in Zhejiang to Chaoshan in Guangdong.

Yang, an anti-Japanese national hero, is a doctor studying in the United States, a university professor, a famous chemist and paper-making expert in China.

Yang (1889- 1939), whose real name is Yan Lun, is also called Yang Yumin. Yang's name is because he ranks thirteenth among his cousins. He is from Yangtuanbao Village, Qian 'an County (now Qian 'an City, Hebei Province).

In his life, he studied hard and worked hard. Saving the country and the people, returning to China to donate money to run schools, and establishing the first "Li San Private Civilian Girls' School" in Jidong. Not afraid of rape, he risked his life to go to the governor's office in Zhangda, Beiping, and presented a "royal shape" to plead for the people. He has been courageous for many times, helping the poor, sponsoring poor young people to go to school, destroying their homes to solve problems, covering and rescuing revolutionary comrades, changing buyers' property, and buying transshipment weapons for the anti-Japanese war in his hometown. Actively participate in the anti-Japanese national salvation movement. Join the army, organize the people and go to the forefront of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.

Interviewee: MIA, my assistant level 2, 1 1-30, 22: 03.

Yue Fei: (1103 ~1142), a famous anti-gold star in Southern Song Dynasty. Word Ju Peng, Xiangzhou Tangyin (now Henan) people. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, he joined the army and served as Bingxu Lang (a junior officer). When the Southern Song Dynasty was founded, Emperor Gaozong opposed the southward migration and was deposed. Soon, he guarded Kaifeng with Zong Ze and was in charge. Ze is dead. Go south from Du Chong. After three years' advice (1 129), Jin Wushu crossed the river south, moved to Guangde and Yixing, and persisted in resisting. The following year, 8 jin j was forced to withdraw from the north under the counterattack of soldiers and civilians in the south of the Yangtze River. Attacked Jin Jun's defense, recovered Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) and Shaoxing for three years (1 133), and was awarded the banner of "Faithfulness and Yuefei" by Gao Zong for suppressing the peasant uprising in Jiangxi. The following year, the gold puppet army was broken, and six counties, including Xiangyang and Xinyang, were recovered, and they were appointed as the military envoys of Qingyuan. In the fifth year of Shaoxing, Zhang Jun suppressed the peasant uprising led by Yang Yao in Dongting Lake area. Later, he was stationed in Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei) and sent people to cross the river to contact the Taihang rebels. He has repeatedly suggested a massive northward advance. In Shaoxing for nine years, he made peace with Jin and Jin opposed it. The following year, Wu Shu invaded Henan. Send troops to fight back, recover Zhengzhou, Luoyang and other places, and defeat 8 Jin Army in Yancheng. The rebels in the two rivers responded in succession. At this point, the emperor and Qin Gui made peace with one heart and ordered the withdrawal. After he returned to Lin 'an, he was relieved of his military power and served as the deputy envoy of the Council. Soon, he was framed and imprisoned. In the 11th year of Shaoxing (1142 65438+127 October), Zhang Xiantong was killed on the trumped-up charge. Ning Zongshi chased the king of Hubei. There is The Legacy of Yue Wumu (Selected Works of Wang Zhongwu), and his poems and essays are impassioned.

Wen Tianxiang: Wen Tianxiang, Song Ruiren,No. Wenshan, 1236 was born into a landlord family in Futian Village, Chunhua Township, Luling, Jiangxi Province (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi Province). His father loves reading, attaches great importance to children's learning, and tries to hire famous teachers to teach. Wen Tianxiang and his younger brother will read and write in a study full of aphorisms and talk about the past and the present.

18 years old, Wen Tianxiang won the first place in Luling Township School Examination. At the age of 20, he entered Bailuzhou Academy in Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi). In the same year, he chose Gong in Jizhou and went to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou) with his father to take the exam.

In the imperial examination, he pertinently put forward the "imperial examination strategy", put forward the reform plan and expressed his political ambition. He was praised by the examiner as "loyal to the monarch and patriotic as a stone", and was personally rated as the top scholar in 60 1 Jinshi by Emperor Li Zong. Four days later, his father died unfortunately, and Wen Tianxiang went home to mourn for three years.

Later, the Mongolian army attacked the Song Dynasty in two ways, and Meng Ge led the west road into Sichuan to attack Chengdu. Kublai Khan led the East Route Army, crossed the Yangtze River, and encircled Ezhou (now Wuchang) with another Mongolian army from Tanzhou (now Changsha) in northern Yunnan. Nanjing was shocked by the ruling and opposition parties. The eunuch Dong told him to avoid soldiers and move the capital to Siming (now Ningbo) so as to escape to the sea at any time. To this. As a scholar, Wen Tianxiang boldly wrote: "Your Majesty is the Lord of China, so you should protect China;" If you are the parents of the people, you should defend them. "Please cut dong to caress the people. Later, due to the death of Mongo, Kublai Khan wanted to go back to the north to compete for the position of Khan, and only let Jia Sidao, the right prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, secretly surrender to pay tribute and then withdraw his troops.

Instead, Jia Sidao lied to the imperial court: "All parties won a great victory" and was named as defending the country and monopolizing power. Then acceded to the throne, indulge in debauchery, Jia Sidao deceives his superiors and deludes his subordinates, which is beneficial to the country. Wen Tianxiang played hydrophobic ignored, only was sent to a sinecure.

After more than ten years, Wen Tianxiang intermittently served as the director of Ruizhou, Jiangxi and Shangshu Zuo Silang, or more than half a year. Later, he was dismissed for mocking Jia Sidao.

After Kublai Khan proclaimed himself emperor, he changed his title to Yuan, and in A.D. 1274, he sent 200,000 troops to Lin 'an by land and water. The regime of the Southern Song Dynasty was in chaos and perished. The 4-year-old acceded to the throne as Emperor Gong. Queen Xie came to the DPRK and asked all localities to recruit soldiers to serve the king.

The following year, Wen Tianxiang, who was appointed as the magistrate of Ganzhou (now Ganzhou, Jiangxi), devoted all his resources to recruiting troops and organized 30,000 rebels within a few months, saying, "Justice is in me and I can do anything; With the confidence and courage to win by number, he began his military career. When the rebels arrived in Jizhou, Wen Tianxiang was appointed assistant minister of the Ministry of War and was ordered to stand by and stay in Longxing (now Nanchang, Jiangxi). After many twists and turns, he was admitted to Wei 'an. Soon he became the magistrate of Pingjiang (now Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province) and was ordered to help Changzhou. In Changzhou, the rebels fought hard, but the generals led by General Zhang Quan of Huai watched the fire from the other side first, and then fled from the enemy, causing all but four of the 500 rebels to die heroically. In the winter of this year, Wen Tianxiang was ordered to rush to reinforce the chief customs of Lin 'an portal. Three days after leaving Pingjiang, he collapsed in Pingjiang. Before reaching the destination, Guan has fallen. I hurried back to Lin 'an, ready to fight to the death, only to see the civil and military officials of the Qing Dynasty abandon their posts and flee, leaving only six officials of the Wen class.

/kloc-in the first month of 0/276, Queen Xie insisted on surrendering. Yuan was appointed as the Prime Minister to go out of the city to discuss, and the Prime Minister Chen fled overnight. Wen Tianxiang was appointed as the right Prime Minister and Tang Dynasty envoy to make peace. In the negotiations, Wen Tianxiang was not afraid of the force of the Yuan Army, and publicly accused Bo Yan. He generously said that he wanted to resist Japan to the end, so he was detained and went to the north by boat. Wen Tianxiang went on a hunger strike at first, and then escaped from danger in Zhenjiang. Because the Yuan Army played a trick on me, it lied that Wen Tianxiang had fallen to the capital and returned to the south to earn cities and land for the Yuan Army. Wen Tianxiang was repeatedly suspected and displaced. He died for two months and went to Wenzhou. At this time, the court had surrendered, Emperor Gong was taken to Dadu (now Beijing), and seven people, including Lu Xiufu, acceded to the throne in the 30th year of Fu. Wen Tianxiang was called to Fuzhou as an envoy of the Tang Dynasty. At the same time, he commanded various armies, set up a government office in Nanjian Prefecture (now Nanping, Fujian Province), sent people to various places to recruit soldiers and raise salaries, and called on all places to arise and kill the enemy. In autumn, the Yuan army invaded Fujian, and Duanzong was forced to flee to the sea and drift in Guangdong by boat.

From 65438 to 0277, Wen Tianxiang led the troops to Longyan and Meizhou (Meixian, Guangdong) and advanced into Jiangxi. Defeated the Yuan Army in Du Fu (now in the south of Jiangxi), captured Xingguo, and recovered Ganzhou 10 and Jizhou 4 counties. People's hearts were greatly boosted, and all parts of Jiangxi responded in succession. The national anti-Yuan struggle resumed, and Wen Tianxiang's order reached the Jianghuai area, which was the most favorable situation since he insisted on anti-Yuan. The main force of the Yuan Army began to attack Xingguo State-owned enterprises in Wen Tianxiang. Wen Tianxiang was outnumbered and led the army to withdraw from the north. He was defeated by Luling and Hezhou (now Changting, Fujian), and suffered heavy losses. His wife and children were also taken away by the Yuan Army.

1278 In the late spring, Duanzong died of illness. Lu Xiufu and others established a 6-year-old emperor, and the court moved to a tiny place on the sea more than 50 miles away from Xinhui County, Guangdong Province, and sealed Wen Tianxiang's letter. In winter, Wen Tianxiang led the troops to Chaoyang County, Chaozhou, hoping to recruit soldiers and find new opportunities by relying on the risks of mountains and seas. However, the Yuan army made a fierce advance on land and water and launched a fierce attack.

At the end of the year, Wen Tianxiang was suddenly attacked by the Yuan Army in Wupoling, Haifeng North. He was defeated and captured, and immediately committed suicide with borneol, but failed. Zhang Hongfan, who surrendered to Yuan, was rebuffed. Wen Tianxiang once wrote "Crossing the Ocean" and made it very clear: "Once hard work comes, the stars will fall in all directions. The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs. The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean. Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a glowing heart. "

Zheng Chenggong: The national hero Zheng Chenggong defeated the Dutch colonialists who occupied Taiwan Province Province for 38 years in 1662, recovered the sacred territory of our country, and wrote this poem "Return to Taiwan". The poem highly summarizes the difficult course of seizing Taiwan Province Province, and expresses with infinite affection the flesh and blood relationship of sharing weal and woe with the soldiers.

Zheng Chenggong (1624— 1662) was a famous national hero in China in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. His real name is Sen, and he is from Shijing Village, Nan 'an County, Fujian Province. His father, Zheng Zhilong, was the "Jian 'anbo" of the Longwu Dynasty in the Southern Ming Dynasty. He once organized immigrants from Taiwan Province Province and actively developed Taiwan Province Island. 1645 (the second year of Qing Shunzhi) 2 1 year-old was summoned by the emperor Zhu of the Chang Dynasty in Fuzhou. He is highly appreciated and regarded as his family. He was given a surname (Zhu) and successfully renamed. Therefore, he is honored as "Guo Xingye" at home and abroad. 1653 (Shunzhi 10), Li Yong (Zhu Youlang) of Nanming Emperor named him "King of Yanping County".

Zheng Chenggong's activities were carried out during the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the invasion of the East by western colonists. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/646 (the third year of Qing Shun), the Qing army attacked Fujian, and Emperor Longwu was captured alive. Zheng Chenggong's father, Zheng Zhilong, mastered the military power of the Longwu court, and under the temptation of the traitor Hong Chengchou, led the army to surrender to the Qing Dynasty. Zheng Chenggong opposed his father, Qin Long, and led his troops to ambush Nanwo Island in Guangdong, then advanced to Gulangyu Island in Xiamen, and occupied Xiamen and Jinmen Islands in 1650 (the seventh year of Qing Shunzhi). After that, it fought against the Qing army, gradually recovered Zhang Quan and Quanzhou in Fujian, and controlled the southeast coastal areas from Zhoushan in Zhejiang to Chaoshan in Guangdong.

/kloc-in the summer of 0/659, Zheng Chenggong went north with 65,438+10,000 sailors and went up the Yangtze River via Zhoushan, connecting Guazhou, Zhenjiang and other cities. Around Nanjing in July, Lang, the governor of Jiangnan in the Middle Qing Dynasty, promoted the plan and returned to Xiamen. The following year, the Qing army attacked Xiamen in three ways and was repelled by Zheng Chenggong. While insisting on opposing Qing Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong waged a long-term struggle with the Dutch colonialists who invaded our territory of Taiwan Province Province. Dutch colonialists invaded Taiwan Province province of China on 1624 (four years from tomorrow), brutally exploited and oppressed the people of Taiwan Province province, constantly harassed the coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong, and aroused the great indignation of the people of China. 1652 (the ninth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty), an armed uprising against the Netherlands led by Guo Huaiyi (the former headquarters of Zheng Zhilong, Zheng Chenggong's father) broke out in Taiwan Province Province. 1655 (the 12th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty), Zheng Chenggong banned merchant ships from trading in Taiwan Province in protest against the plundering by Dutch colonists at sea, which dealt a powerful blow to the Dutch colonists economically.

16 1 in April, Zheng Chenggong ordered his eldest son, Zheng Jing, to guard the mansion, led a new warship 120, with more than 25,000 soldiers, and promised to move eastward to recover Luowan Taiwan Province in Jinmen. After a fierce naval battle, Zheng Jun sank the Dutch capital ship "Hector" and recovered "Chikanta". In the struggle of the past year, the Dutch army suffered nearly 2000 casualties and suffered heavy losses. 1 February 6621day, the Dutch invaders were forced to surrender, and Taiwan Province Province, which had been occupied for 38 years, finally returned to the embrace of the motherland.

Zheng Chenggong died in Taiwan Province at the age of 39 on the eighth day of May in the lunar calendar 1662.