The differences between Xinjiang and Fujian.

Tudi has a land area of 124, square kilometers, accounting for 1.3% of the country, ranking 23rd in the country. Among them, mountains and hills account for 8% of the land area; The sea area is 136,3 square kilometers. The total length of the province's coastline is 6,128 kilometers, of which the mainland line is 3,752 kilometers, ranking first in the country. 1546 islands, accounting for 1/6 of the country; It has many natural harbors such as Quanzhou Bay, Xiamen Bay, Fuzhou Bay, Xinghua Bay, Meizhou Bay, Shacheng Port and Sandu 'ao. Climate Fujian's climate varies greatly from region to region, belonging to subtropical humid monsoon climate, with obvious hydrothermal conditions and vertical zoning, and the complex and diverse climate is conducive to the development of agricultural diversification. The average annual temperature is 17-21℃, and the coastal temperature is higher than 1℃ all year round. It is warm in winter, with the average temperature of 7-1℃ along the coast and 6-8℃ in mountainous areas in January. Summer is hot, the average temperature is 2-39, and there are many typhoons. The frost-free period is 26-3 days in the inland and 3-36 days in the southeast coast of Fujian, and it can be harvested three times a year, which is suitable for the growth of high-temperature crops such as sugarcane and subtropical plants, and it can be harvested twice a year in other areas, which is suitable for planting rice and tea trees. The annual precipitation is 14-2mm, decreasing from southeast to northwest. Seasonal distribution is uneven, with obvious rainy season and dry season; March-June is the rainy season, accounting for 5-6% of the annual precipitation, and July-September is the typhoon season, with more precipitation and great interannual variation, which is prone to floods and droughts. From October to February of the following year, there is less precipitation. The annual sunshine hours are 17-23 hours. The effective wind energy in coastal and island areas reaches 25-65 kWh/m2. Wind energy and oil and gas resources in the Taiwan Province Strait have good development and utilization prospects. Fujian is located at the edge of the pan-Arctic flora, which is a transitional zone from the pan-Arctic flora to the paleotropical flora. There are abundant plant species, mainly subtropical floristic elements, and the floristic elements are complex. There are more than 45 species of plants in the province. According to the investigation and statistics carried out in recent years, there are 1943 species (including 153 varieties) of woody plants in the province, belonging to 142 families and 543 genera, accounting for about 39% of woody plant species in China, 81% of families and 55% of genera. Among woody plants, gymnosperms belong to 9 families, 31 genera, 61 species and 2 varieties. Pinus massoniana, which is endemic to China, is dominant, and Pinus taiwanensis appears above 1 meters above sea level. Chinese fir is widely distributed in the whole province, as well as Cryptomeria fortunei, Fokienia hodginsii and Taxodium distichum, which are the main components of evergreen coniferous forest. Angiosperms are mostly FAGACEAE and Lauraceae, many of which are constructive species, dominant species or main tree species of forest vegetation in the province. Hamamelidaceae, Camelliaceae, Rubiaceae, Magnoliaceae, Papilionaceae, Sumeriaceae, Mimosaceae, Moraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Ardisiaceae, Lauraceae, Araliaceae, Rosaceae, Myrtaceae, Rutaceae, Melastomataceae, Araliaceae, Photiniaceae. There are 6 genera and 6 species of FAGACEAE in Fujian. Lauraceae has 12 genera, 66 species, 9 varieties and 1 form; There are 9 genera and 35 species of Magnoliaceae; There are 11 genera, 2 species and 6 varieties of Hamamelidaceae. There are 8 genera and 4 species in Moraceae. There are also some species of Papilionaceae, Sumeriaceae and Mimosaceae. Subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest zone <: /B> 1. monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest 2. subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest <; /B> Small patches of stars are scattered in the mountains from 4 to 5 meters above sea level to 1,2 meters below sea level, and the upper trees are mainly FAGACEAE trees. The main dominant species are Castanopsis fargesii, Castanopsis carlesii, Castanopsis eyrei, Castanopsis eyrei, Castanopsis eyrei, Castanopsis eyrei, the mother tree of mosquitoes in Fujian and Guangdong, and there are scattered Quercus cyclobalanopsis, Lentinus edodes, Monkey Joy, Astragalus and Yellow. At the forest edge or sunny slope, Schima superba, Cunnan with peach leaves, Myrica rubra or Pinus massoniana are mixed. There are not many trees in the middle and lower layers. The common trees are Cinnamomum fragrans, Red Tree, Cinnamomum kwangtungense, Heather and young trees in the upper layer. 3. Natural secondary vegetation < /B> The area is small and the forest is extremely irregular. Most of them are distributed in barren hills and wasteland, showing a succession series of different stages. Common shrubs and grasses are scattered with mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests and Pinus massoniana forests composed of Liquidambar formosana and Schima superba, and some areas have Chinese fir forests and bamboo forests. 4. Coastal vegetation <; /B> There are three types. There are mangrove forests composed of Kandelia candel, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Aegiceras corniculata, Avicennia marina, Euphorbia humilis, etc. in the beach harbor, which are mostly distributed in the form of short shrubs due to artificial logging. There are scattered coastal jungles on the coast that are not invaded by the tide, which consist of different kinds of pandanus, hibiscus, etc. Common shrubs include bitter threshold orchid, bitter lang tree, single-leaf Vitex negundo and so on; There are also artificial Casuarina equisetifolia shelterbelts along the coast. Herbs are widely distributed in sandy beaches, such as Chrysanthemum halophila and Pennisetum. 5. The cultivated vegetation is in the mountainous area with poor and dry soil, and the existing forest vegetation is mostly cultivated Pinus massoniana forest. In the area with good water and fertilizer conditions, the artificial Chinese fir forest, Berlin, Fujian, grows well. Fuelwood trees, such as acacia, eucalyptus and Casuarina, are widely distributed. Economic forests such as camellia oleifera, tung oil tree, bamboo forest and fruit tree are distributed in hills, terraces and plains in small blocks. Central subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest zone <: /B> The relatively stable forest vegetation in the zone is evergreen broad-leaved forest, but due to the long time of forest development and utilization, the original forest is rare, and many natural secondary and artificial coniferous forests and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests have appeared. The main forest vegetation types are: 1. Evergreen broad-leaved forest 2. Evergreen coniferous forest <: /B> There are mainly Pinus massoniana forest, Chinese fir forest and Huangshan pine forest, and there are small cedar forest, Fujian Berlin and Taxodium forest in some areas. Pinus massoniana forest is the most widely distributed, and the upper limit is generally around 1 meters above sea level. Above 1 meters, it is replaced by Huangshan pine forest. Pinus massoniana stands are sparse and tall, and Castanopsis eyrei, Schima superba, Liquidambar formosana and Lentinus edodes are often mixed in the stands. Shrub layer is common with following wood, grouper wood, Huangruimu, azalea, Vaccinium bracteatum, Rhus chinensis, Toona sinensis and so on. In mountainous areas with bare rocks or ridges with high altitude, grass is often composed of imperata, awn, wild ancient grass, etc., or it is composed of Dicranopteris, etc., or it is dominant. Followed by Chinese fir forest, which is widely distributed, except for a small amount of mixed natural forest, it is almost artificially built. Twelve counties (cities, districts) such as Jianyang, Shaowu and Shaxian are the central producing areas of Chinese fir, with good growth, simple structure and neat forest. Shrubs and herbs under the forest are mostly following wood, Rhus sumac, Campanula, raspberry, Cinnamomum cassia, fern, Setaria rugosa and so on. Chinese fir is often mixed with broad-leaved trees, Pinus massoniana or Phyllostachys pubescens, and the dominant tree species in the tree layer are not obvious. Cryptomeria fortunei forest is scattered or distributed in small blocks in mountainous areas above 5 meters above sea level in northeast Fujian, and sometimes some broad-leaved trees or clustered bamboos are mixed in the forest. Berlin, Fujian is distributed in the hilly land with an altitude of about 3~9 meters in the central and eastern Fujian, often mixed with other tree species, living in the sub-layer of trees, with few pure forests. Cryptomeria fortunei forest is common in low-lying areas or near villages in western Fujian. It is mostly mixed with other broad-leaved trees and occasionally has a small piece of pure forest. 3. Bamboo forest <; /B> Mainly Phyllostachys pubescens, followed by Phyllostachys pubescens, basket bamboo, hedge bamboo, yellow bamboo, tea stalk bamboo and bitter bamboo. Purple bamboo, etc. Most of the bamboo forests are in a semi-natural state, and some of them are artificially managed. Phyllostachys pubescens is widely distributed, and the mountains with an altitude of 1 meters can still grow well. The community structure of bamboo forest is simple, generally composed of a single bamboo species, and mixed with other tree species. The mixed forest of Chinese fir and bamboo is more common in northern Fujian. The shrub layer under the forest is not obvious, which may be related to human activities such as digging bamboo shoots. 4. Shrubbery is widely distributed, but the area is not large, and it is mostly formed by retrograde succession of evergreen broad-leaved forest after repeated destruction. Evergreen shrubbery is more common in mountainous and hilly areas, and it is composed of Quercus glauca, Lingnan gravel, Vaccinium kaempferi, Rattan thorn, Huangruimu, Ilex pubescens, Phoebe bournei, Linderae, Photinia pubescens and Photinia persica. Yangmei, etc. There are deciduous shrubs in the high-altitude mountainous areas in the northern region, and baoshu or shuisubgu is dominant. The secondary summer green shrub on the barren slope near the village is also dominated by white oak. Pinus massoniana and some deciduous trees such as Liquidambar formosana, Pyrus pyrifolia, Dalbergia Dalbergia, Aralia elata and so on are often mixed in the community. 5. The cultivated vegetation mainly includes camellia oleifera, tung tree, chestnut, Castanea henryi, Chinese tallow, tea and fruit trees, which are distributed in small pieces or scattered. Xinjiang is far away from the ocean, living deep inland, surrounded by high mountains, and it is difficult for marine moisture to enter, forming an obvious temperate continental climate. The temperature changes greatly, the sunshine time is long (the annual sunshine time is 25-35 hours), the precipitation is small and the air is dry. The average annual precipitation in Xinjiang is about 15 mm, but the precipitation varies greatly from place to place. Generally speaking, the winter temperature in northern Xinjiang is higher than that in southern Xinjiang, and the summer temperature in southern Xinjiang is higher than that in northern Xinjiang. In Leng Yue (January), the average temperature is below minus 2℃ in Junggar Basin, and the absolute minimum temperature in Fuyun County on the northern edge of the basin reached minus 5.15℃, making it one of the coldest areas in China. In the hottest month (July), the average temperature in Turpan, known as "Huozhou", was above 33℃, and the absolute maximum temperature reached 49.6℃, ranking first in the country. Due to the great temperature difference between spring and summer and autumn and winter in most parts of Xinjiang, there has always been a saying that "wear a fur coat early and wear yarn at noon, and eat watermelon around the stove". Mountains and basins are arranged alternately, and basins are surrounded by mountains, which is called "three mountains and two basins". The new building mountain of Urumqi municipal government in Altai, Xinjiang in the north and the Kunlun mountain system in the south; Tianshan Mountain lies in the middle of Xinjiang, dividing Xinjiang into north and south, Tarim Basin in the south and Junggar Basin in the north. It is customary to call the south of Tianshan Mountain South Xinjiang and the north of Tianshan Mountain North Xinjiang. Mountains There are Altai Mountain in the north of Xinjiang, Kunlun Mountain, Altun Mountain and Tianshan Mountain in the south. As a symbol of Xinjiang, Tianshan Mountain crosses the central part, forming Tarim Basin in the south and Junggar Basin in the north. Traditionally, the area south of Tianshan Mountain is called southern Xinjiang, the area north of Tianshan Mountain is called northern Xinjiang, and Hami and Turpan basins are called eastern Xinjiang. Water resources <; /B> The snow and glaciers in the three mountain ranges in Xinjiang are bred into more than 5 rivers, which are distributed in the basins in the north and south of Tianshan Mountain, among which there are more than 2 rivers, such as Tarim River (the largest inland river in China), Ili River, Irtysh River (flowing into the Arctic Ocean), Manas River, Wulungu River and Kaidu River. There are countless oases on both sides of many rivers, which are quite rich in the scenery beyond the Great Wall. There are many lakes with beautiful natural scenery in Xinjiang, with a total area of 9,7 square kilometers, accounting for more than .6% of the total area of Xinjiang. Among them, the top ten famous lakes are Bosten Lake, Ebinur Lake, Bulento Sea, Ayagekuli Lake, Sailimu Lake and Aqigekule Lake. There are more than 18,6 unique large glaciers in Xinjiang, with a total area of more than 24, square kilometers, accounting for 42% of the national glacier area and ice reserves of 258 million cubic meters. It is a natural "solid reservoir" in Xinjiang. Xinjiang is extremely rich in water resources, and its per capita possession ranks among the top in the country. The great desert accounts for 2/3 of the country's desert area, of which the Taklimakan Desert in Tarim Basin covers an area of 336,7 square kilometers, which is the largest desert in China and the second largest mobile desert in the world, second only to the Lubhali Desert in Arabian Peninsula. The Gurbantunggut Desert in Junggar Basin, covering an area of 48, square kilometers, is the second largest desert in China. Xinjiang desert is rich in oil and gas resources and mineral resources. Mineral resources Xinjiang is rich in water, soil, light and heat resources and has great development potential. The area of Wucai Bay in Xinjiang is 1.28 billion mu, accounting for more than one tenth of the land suitable for agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry in China. The area of agricultural land in the whole region is 946 million mu; There are 61,66,5 mu of cultivated land, with 3 mu of cultivated land per capita, which is 2.1 times of the national average. Another 73 million mu of land can be reclaimed, accounting for 13.9% of the country's arable land; Reserve farmland is 223 million mu, ranking first in the country. Xinjiang is one of the five largest pastoral areas in China. There are a large number of excellent pastures around the "Three Mountains" and "Two Basins", with a total grassland area of 77 million mu, ranking third in the country after Inner Mongolia and Tibet. Xinjiang accounts for about 3% of the country's water resources. There are 57 rivers, and the annual runoff of surface water is 88.4 billion cubic meters (including 16.5 billion cubic meters of Ili River, 15 billion cubic meters of Tarim River and 11.7 billion cubic meters of Irtysh River), and the per capita water resources are 5,5 cubic meters, which is 2.25 times of the national average. The exploitable amount of groundwater is 25.2 billion cubic meters. Glacier covers an area of 24, square kilometers, accounting for 42% of the country. Because Xinjiang is located in the hinterland of Eurasia, the climate is dry, the water resources are affected by seasonal factors, the temporal and spatial distribution is extremely uneven, and the evaporation of surface water is large, resulting in insufficient water resources in some places. The theoretical reserve of solar energy is 145-172 kWh/m2? 6? In one year, the total sunshine hours are 255-35 hours, ranking second in the country. Xinjiang has all kinds of minerals, large reserves and broad development prospects. At present, there are 138 kinds of minerals discovered, 83 kinds of proven reserves, 6 kinds of reserves ranking first in China and 41 kinds of top ten. Oil, natural gas, coal, iron, copper, gold, chromium, nickel, rare metals, salt minerals, non-metal building materials and so on are rich. According to the second national evaluation of oil and gas resources, the predicted oil resources in Xinjiang are 2.86 billion tons, accounting for 3% of the national onshore oil resources; The predicted natural gas resources are 1.3 trillion cubic meters, accounting for 34% of the national onshore natural gas resources. The predicted coal reserves are 219 trillion tons, accounting for 4% of the national predicted reserves. Generally speaking, the climate and environment are different. The south is wet and rainy. . It didn't snow in winter, but it was windy. . And there is a typhoon in summer.