Dingjun immigrants

Shi Ding Manor, located at the foot of Ding Jiao Mountain in the south of Lin Lang, maan town, Yilong County, Sichuan Province, is a luxurious manor built by four local richest people-Hakka descendants Ding, Ding, Ding Qiuzhen. It covers an area of 6,800 square meters and has a building area of 3,800 square meters. It integrates housing and defense, and is known as the "first manor in northern Sichuan". In the 10th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty (A.D. 167 1), Shi Ding's ancestors moved from Ruyuan County, Shaozhou Prefecture, Guangdong Province to Erjiakanggou, Hechuan County, Chongqing Prefecture. At the beginning of the second year of Yongzheng (AD 1724), he moved to the foot of Ding Jiao Mountain in Nanyang, Yilong County. After 150 years of operation, during the Guangxu period, the Shi Ding family's wealth increased day by day by employing employees, renting land, lending usury and other means, with more than 2,500 mu of land and 7,000 mu of forest, more than 500 permanent tenants, more than 40 long-term and short-term workers, complete maids, nannies and servants, and the average annual rent collection 10. At home, he also set up a wine-boiling, sugar-making workshop and weaving room, and set up a money house in the saddle yard, which became one of the folk tycoons in northern Sichuan. In the late Qing Dynasty, Shi Ding brothers planned to build a luxurious, sturdy and magnificent Hakka style manor for the sake of family safety. The whole family started from top to bottom, carefully selected the site and actively prepared the materials. From Ma 'an, Longfengchang, Pengzhou (now Peng 'an County) and other places in Yilong County, a skilled foreman was specially hired to take charge of the construction. The project broke ground in the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), and the main project of the manor was initially completed in the eleventh year of the Republic of China (1922), followed by three years of detailed decoration until it was completely completed in the fourteenth year of the Republic of China (1925), which lasted two dynasties (Guangxu in Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China) and eighteen spring and autumn periods. The manor is a multi-storey group building, which is mixed with civil engineering and load-bearing, facing south, with the first floor and the first floor. It consists of three courtyards, with a big courtyard, two small courtyards and three towers in the east. Entering the courtyard from the small door on the east side of the manor along the steps, the eyes suddenly opened up. Around the dam, which is nearly 1 1,000 square meters, a semicircular wall is built with stone bars, and the outside of the wall is a protective house river with a width of 5 meters and a length of more than 40 meters. In the middle of the dam is the gate of the courtyard. Compared with the grand architectural style of the whole courtyard, this gate is a little stingy, but it confirms the cautious architectural style of Hakka dwellings, which integrates residence and protection. Defense design is an important part of traditional architecture in China, and Shi Ding Manor takes it to the extreme. Behind the manor is a mountain, and in front is a fort more than a foot high. Under the ridge is a crescent pond similar to a moat, with a length of more than 60 meters, a width of 10 meters and a depth of 3 meters. There is only a door on the left side of the whole manor, and there is a three-story watchtower in the north of the yard. There are gun holes on all sides of the watchtower, and the other side of the yard is blocked by a tall fence. Tourist attractions; The whole compound has 120 gates. It is said that it took two masons three months to finish the stone carving of the gate post of this manor. There is also a 12 half-moon stone arch in the manor. All the doorways are carved with flower and bird patterns, including chrysanthemums, peonies, beautiful clouds, or "magpies are busy with plums", or "peony is rich", or "mandarin ducks and lotus flowers", or "birds flying towards the phoenix", which fully shows Ding's precious celebration and contains auspicious meaning. The woodcarving of Shi Ding Manor mainly includes window woodcarving, doorframes, screens, furniture, foreheads, eaves, columns and corridors in the mansion, which is not only the focus of modeling decoration, but also the aesthetic materialization of Yilong Hakka. Ruiyun, lotus, peony, fairy beast, vase and so on are carved on the shoulders and buckets of the manor. Shaped like a phoenix flying high. The sparrows on both sides of the wooden column are not only decorative, but also load-bearing components. The antique Shi Ding Manor has more than 70 windows, which are round, rectangular and hexagonal. They are simple and orderly, stable and ancient, with different postures and characteristics. Not only are wood carvings finely carved, but stone carvings are also finely carved and ground, such as glass and mirrors; Jade carving in the pavilion corridor, with light makeup; Free and diverse forms, whimsy. The contents of these stone carvings, wood carvings and couplets reflect the cultural atmosphere of the owner's pursuit of family harmony, cultivation and reading, education of poetry and books, and prayer for longevity. It should be said that the Ding family history is not only the best witness of Hakka migration, survival and reproduction, Hakka culture and folk customs, but also the crystallization of Hakka labor wisdom, which exudes unique artistic charm. There is a special theater in the compound. There is a stage in the theater, a hall that can accommodate hundreds of spectators, and a place dedicated to singing shadow play. It is said that Zhu De is a naughty boy who often comes here to watch plays, so he is often bullied by Master Ding Jia. The theatre gives visitors three performances every day. Hakka folk culture exhibition; There is also an introduction about the history of Hakkas moving to Sichuan and the situation of Hakkas in Yilong. According to Modern Chinese Dictionary, Hakkas refer to the * * people who gradually moved southward from the Yellow River valley in the early 4th century (late Western Jin Dynasty), late 9th century (late Tang Dynasty) and early 3rd century (late Southern Song Dynasty), and are now distributed in Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hunan and Taiwan Province provinces. It is said that the word "guest" is pronounced as "Haga" in Hakka dialect and Cantonese, which means "guest". Hakka people migrate from generation to generation. During the decades from the end of Ming Dynasty to the beginning of Qing Dynasty, due to wars, plagues and natural disasters, Sichuan's population dropped sharply and cultivated land was abandoned. Encouraged by the preferential immigration policy of "recruiting refugees, paying farmers and weaving, and never increasing taxes" in the Qing Dynasty, Hakkas who moved south from the Yellow River valley entered Sichuan with the immigration tide of "Huguang filling Sichuan". Emperor Kangxi also gave 8 taels of silver to migrating men and 4 taels to women and children, encouraging Hakkas to move to Sichuan. However, the fertile land in Chengdu Plain has been occupied by Huguang people who arrived in advance, and the Hakkas have to settle in the mountains and hills after many twists and turns. Even so, the Hakkas, who suffer from poverty in Lingnan mountainous areas, are still eager to move to Yilong. Yilong county is a big Hakka county in Sichuan. At present, there are 220,000 Hakkas with the surname 18, accounting for more than 20% of the total population in Yilong County. According to the survey, the Hakkas in Yilong are all from Ruyuan County, Shaozhou, Guangdong Province, and they are all relatives. Zhu De wrote in the article "Remembering Mother": "My family is a tenant farmer, and my ancestral home is Shaozhou, Guangdong, and I am a Hakka." According to the records of Yilong County, after entering Sichuan, Hakka people lived in groups, rarely married their neighbors, and lived in relatively isolated mountainous areas. They always followed the ancestral motto of "selling ancestral fields, rather than losing ancestral words", thus making the etiquette customs such as Hakka dialect, weddings and funerals, and Chongwen re-learning spread in Yilong folk songs. The picture on the right shows the actors and tourists in the manor theater performing together-Hakka women throw hydrangeas to recruit their sons-in-law. Hakka people have read all the vicissitudes of history, traveled all over the world, and achieved perseverance and courage in the long migration experience. The Encyclopedia Britannica says of the Hakkas: "Hakkas men are brave adventurers and Hakkas women are strong laborers." Edel, a British scholar, also pointed out in his book "A Brief Introduction to Hakka Species" that "Hakkas are both rigid and flexible, and have a characteristic of not bullying the weak and not fearing * * *". From June 5438 to February 2002, after Shi Ding Manor was listed as a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit, the relevant departments also carried out a comprehensive maintenance of the manor house, restored its luxurious old appearance, created surrounding gardens and pedestrian walkways, and restored courtyard flowers and trees and moats.