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Sima Yi (179-251), courtesy name Zhongda, was a native of Xiaojingli, Wen County, Hanoi (now Zhaoxian Town, Wen County, Henan Province). He was an outstanding statesman, military strategist and powerful minister of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. He led his army against Zhuge Liang many times and was granted the title of King Xuan for his merits. After his grandson Sima Yan became emperor, he was honored as Emperor Xuan of Jin Dynasty.

Sima Yi first came from Chongli, the son of Emperor Gaoyang, and was the Xia official Zhurong. He lived through Tang, Yu, Xia and Shang, and his positions were ordered in the dynasty. In the Zhou Dynasty, Xia Guan was the Sima. Later, during the reign of King Xuan of Zhou Dynasty, Cheng Baixiu's father used the official family to defeat Xu Fang, and Xi used the official family, so he became the surname. During the Chu and Han Dynasties, Sima Yang served as a Zhao general and fought with the princes against Qin. After the death of Qin, he was established as King of Yin and his capital was Hanoi. The Han Dynasty regarded its land as a county, and its descendants considered it their home. From the eighth generation of Yang, to the time of Emperor An of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Si Junjun, the general who conquered the west, was born, named Shuping. Si Junjun was born to Si Junliang, the prefect of Yuzhang, whose courtesy name was Gongdu. Si Jun was born to Si Junjun, the prefect of Yingchuan, with different characters. Si Junjun was born in Jingzhao Yin Si Junfang, with the courtesy name Jiangong. Sima Fang is Sima Yi's father (the above contents are all taken from "Jin Shu·Xuan Emperor Ji"). Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, said in one of his edicts: "Every family is born, and the rites will last for a long time" ("Book of Jin·Book of Rites").

Sima Yi was the second son of Sima Fang. History books described him as "rarely eccentric, intelligent, sage, erudite, and devoted to Confucianism" ("Book of Jin: Chronicles of Emperor Xuan"). In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos. Sima Yi was born in the troubled times and "often felt worried about the world" ("Book of Jin: Chronicles of Emperor Xuan").

Yang Jun, the prefect of Nanyang, was known for his ability to know people well. Before Sima Yi was twenty years old, Yang Jun had met him and said that he was by no means ordinary. Cui Yan, the minister, had a good relationship with Sima Yi's brother Sima Lang and once treated Sima Yi. Lang said: "Your younger brother is smart, bright and wise, and has a firm and decisive talent, which is beyond the reach of your son" ("Jin Shu·Xuan Emperor Ji").

In the sixth year of Jian'an (201), the county elected him as a senior official. At that time, Cao Cao was serving as Sikong. After hearing about his reputation, he sent someone to summon him to serve in the government. Sima Yi saw that the fortunes of the Han Dynasty were declining and he did not want to be under Cao Cao, so he used the excuse that he had wind paralysis and was unable to live in good health. Cao Cao didn't believe it and sent people to spy on the news at night. Sima Yi lay there motionless, as if he was really suffering from wind paralysis.

In the thirteenth year of Jian'an (208), after Cao Cao became prime minister, he began to use coercive means to appoint Sima Yi as a literary official. Cao Cao said to the envoy, "If Panhuan is restored, he will be taken back" ("Book of Jin: Chronicles of Emperor Xuan"). Sima Yi was afraid of this and had no choice but to take office. Cao Cao allowed him to travel with the prince, and he successively held the posts of Huangmen Shilang, Yilang, Prime Minister Dong Cao, and Prime Minister Zhu Bo. When Sima Yi served under Cao Cao, he was cautious and diligent. "As for the husbandry and herding, he did everything he could."

In the 20th year of Jian'an (215), Cao Cao conquered Zhang Lu, and Sima Yi accompanied the army. He said to Cao Cao: "Liu Bei used deceptive force to capture Liu Zhang. The Shu people did not join and fought for Jiangling far away. This opportunity cannot be missed. If Yao Wei is powerful in Hanzhong, Yizhou is shaken, and the army approaches, it will inevitably collapse. Therefore, the situation is easy to change. For power. A saint cannot go against the times, and he will not lose the time. "Cao Cao said: "People are miserable and want to win Shu after they have gained Longyou" ("Book of Jin: Chronicles of Emperor Xuan")! His advice was not followed.

In the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219), Sun Quan expressed his vassalage to Cao Cao and encouraged Cao Cao to establish himself as emperor. Cao Cao said: "This son wants to sit on the charcoal of my furnace!" Sima Yi said: "The fate of the Han Dynasty is coming to an end. Your Highness is worthy of the world and has nine of them to serve it. It is the intention of heaven and man to call a minister with power. Yu, Those in the Xia, Yin, and Zhou Dynasties who did not show humility were afraid of heaven and knew their destiny." ("Book of Jin: Chronicles of Emperor Xuan"). At that time, many of the powerful bureaucrats under Cao Cao supported the Han Dynasty, and they were deeply tabooed by Cao Cao. However, Xun Yu, Cui Yan and other famous figures did not end well because they had objections to Cao's succession to the Han Dynasty. Probably Sima Yi had already expressed support for Cao Cao on this key issue, so Cao Cao gradually turned from suspicion to trust.

Cao Cao granted the title of Queen of Wei and promoted Sima Yi to the title of Crown Prince's bastard son, assisting Cao Pi. At that time, Sima Yi "always came up with strange strategies every time he had big plans" ("Book of Jin: Chronicles of Emperor Xuan"). He was trusted and reused by Cao Pi, so the relationship has always been good. Sima Yi was also known as the Four Friends together with Chen Qun, Wu Zhi, and Zhu Shuo.

After that, Sima Yi often planned state affairs and came up with many strange strategies. Soon, Sima Yi became Prime Minister and Army Sima. He pointed out that Hu Xiu, the governor of Jingzhou, was rude, and Fu Fang, the governor of Nanxiang (governing Nanxiang, southeast of today's Xichuan, Henan Province), was arrogant and extravagant, and they should not be stationed at the border. Cao Cao did not pay attention to them.

In June of the same year, after Liu Bei captured Hanzhong, he sent Meng Da and Liu Feng to capture Fangling, Shangyong and other places in the eastern part of Hanzhong County, and his power expanded. In July, Sun Quan wanted to attack Hefei, so most of the Wei army mobilized Huainan to defend against the Wu army. Guan Yu, the former Shu general who was guarding Jingzhou, took this opportunity to stay in Nanjun (governing Jiangling, today's Jiangling, Hubei). , now Xinye, Henan; Xiangyang County governs Xiangyang, now Xiangfan, Hubei). Encircling Wei general Cao Ren, flooded Fan Qi's army and killed Pang De. At that time, there were only a few thousand defenders in Fan City, and the city walls collapsed in many places due to flooding. Cao Ren considered abandoning Fan City, but was dissuaded by Man Chong, the prefect of Runan who assisted Cao Ren. Cao Ren was determined to resist bravely. As expected, Hu and Fu took the opportunity to descend to Shu. At this time, Sun Lang and others from Luhun (now northeast of Song County, Henan Province) also killed officials and raised troops to respond to Guan Yu. Guan Yu's momentum "shocked China" for a while ("Three Kingdoms, Book of Shu, Biography of Guan Yu").

At that time, the capital was in Xuchang, which was very close to Fancheng. Cao Cao felt threatened. In order to avoid Guan Yu's attack, he once prepared to move the capital to Hebei.

Sima Yi, Cao Rong, and Jiang Ji promptly dissuaded him: "The ban was lost by the water, and it was not lost in battle. It did not harm the country's plan, so they moved the capital. This not only showed that the enemy was weak, but also made the people of Huaimian very uneasy." Sun Quan , Liu Bei, who is not close to the outside but is sparse at home, can be said to be the one who has the power to do what he wants. If he is ordered to follow him, then Fan Wei will be relieved." (Book of Jin: Chronicles of Emperor Xuan) Cao Cao followed his plan, and Sun Quan sent Lu Meng to attack Jiangling, and Guan Yu was captured and killed.

With the victory of this battle, Cao Cao took advantage of the conflict between Sun and Liu competing for Jingzhou, fully utilized diplomatic strategies, and reaped the benefits. He not only defeated Guan Yu's powerful offensive and lifted the siege of Fancheng, but also made Zhuge Liang's original plan The plan to hit Yuan with a double-sided pincer all the way to Wanluo and all the way out of Qinchuan could not be realized. More importantly, he destroyed the alliance between Sun and Liu, changed the strategic situation at that time, and took the initiative.

After Xu Huang defeated Guan Yu, Cao Cao disliked the people in Jingzhou and nearby and wanted to move them all away. Sima Yi believed: "Jingchu is easily escaped, and it is easy to move but difficult to secure. Guan Yu is newly broken, and all those who are evil are hiding and watching. Now that the good ones are moving away, it will hurt their intentions and make those who left dare not come back." ("Book of Jin· "Xuan Di Ji"). Since then, there have been no immigrants. As expected, all those who fled from hiding came back and became naturalized.

In the first year of Yankang (220 years), Cao Cao passed away and the government and the public were in danger. Sima Yi managed the funeral affairs and was solemn both inside and outside.

In the same year, Cao Pi ascended the throne of Wei, and Sima Yi was granted the title of Marquis of Ting of Hejin, and became the Prime Minister.

At that time, Sun Quan led his army to the west. The court officials believed that Fancheng and Xiangyang lacked food and could not resist the Wu army, so they asked Cao Ren to return to Wancheng. Sima Yi believed that the two cities should not be abandoned: "Sun Quan has recently defeated Guan Yu, and when he wants to make his own alliance, he must not dare to cause trouble. The rush of water and land in Xiangyang is a key point for the imperial invaders, so it cannot be abandoned." Cao Pi did not follow his advice and ordered Cao Ren to set fire to the two cities. Later, Sun Quan did not invade. Cao Pi regretted it.

In the same year, Cao Pi ascended the throne and was known as Emperor Wen of Wei in history. Because Sima Yi contributed greatly to Cao Pi's "usurpation of the Han Dynasty", after he ascended the throne, Cao Pi appointed Sima Yi as Shangshu, and soon he was transferred to military governor, censor Zhongcheng, and was granted the title of Marquis of Anguo Township.

In the second year of Huangchu (221), he was removed from the post of governor and promoted to Shizhong and Shangshu Youpushe.

In the third year of Huangchu (222) and the fifth year of Huangchu (224), Cao Pi attacked Wu twice. In both cases, Sima Yi was appointed to guard Xuchang, and Sima Yi was granted the title of Xiangxiang Marquis. In the spring and February of the sixth year of the sixth year of Huangchu (225), he was transferred to the post of general of the Fu army, Jiajie, and led five thousand troops. He was also added to Shizhong and Lu Shangshushi. When Sima Yi resigned, Cao Pi said: "I am engaged in common affairs, night and day, without a moment's rest. This is not to take pride, but to share worries" ("Book of Jin: Chronicles of Emperor Xuan").

In the same year, Cao Pi launched a large-scale naval attack on Wu, but still ordered Sima Yi to stay behind and "control the people internally and provide military supplies externally" ("Book of Jin·Xuan Emperor Ji"). Before leaving, he issued an edict to Sima Yi and said: "I am deeply concerned about the future, so I appoint you. Although Cao Shen has military exploits, Xiao He is the most important. It does not make me worry about going west." ("Book of Jin· Emperor Xuan Ji")! Later, Cao Pi returned to Luoyang from Guangling and issued an edict to Sima Yi: "To my east, the Fu army should be the chief of the west; to the west, the Fu army should be the chief of the east" ("Book of Jin Xuan Di Ji"). So Sima Yi stayed in Xuchang.

In May of the seventh year of Huangchu (226 years), Cao Pi passed away. When he was dying, he ordered Sima Yi, together with Cao Zhen, the general of the Chinese army, Chen Qun, the general of the Zhenjun army, and Cao Xiu, the general of the Zhengdong army, to serve as auxiliary ministers. Cao Pi said to the prince: "If there are any of these three princes, be careful not to doubt them" ("Book of Jin: Chronicles of Emperor Xuan"). Emperor Ming ascended the throne and renamed Sima Yi the Marquis of Wuyang.

After Sun Quan learned of the death of Emperor Wen of Wei, he sent troops to attack Wei in August. He ordered General Zhuge Jin of Wu Zuo to attack Xiangyang (now Xiangfan, Hubei) in two groups, and personally led the army to attack Jiangxia County (Zhi'an Lu, southwest of today's Yunmeng, Hubei). Sun Quan was defeated by the Wei army along the way, so he withdrew his troops and left. Zhuge Jin was defeated by Sima Yi and killed Wu general Zhang Ba, beheading more than a thousand people. In December, he was promoted to General of Hussars.

In June of the first year of Taihe (227), Emperor Ming ordered Sima Yi to station in Wancheng and supervise the military affairs of Jing and Hezhou.

When Shu general Meng Da surrendered to the Wei Dynasty, the Wei Dynasty treated him very well. Sima Yi thought that his words and deeds were very clever and could not be trusted. But the emperor refused to listen and appointed Meng Da as the governor of the new city, granted him the title of Marquis, and gave him a holiday. After the death of Emperor Wen of Wei, Mengda fell out of favor, and Shu Prime Minister Zhuge Liang secretly communicated with him, plotting to rebel against Wei. Zhuge Liang was afraid that he would be erratic in his words and deeds, and wanted to urge him to rebel quickly. Knowing that Shen Yi, the prefect of Wei Xing, had a conflict with him, he sent Guo Mo to Shen Yi to pretend to surrender, intending to leak the story. Mengda heard this leak and was ready to raise troops immediately.

After Shen Yi reported the matter to Sima Yi, Sima Yi was afraid that he would suddenly attack, so he sent him a letter with detailed explanations. The letter said: "The general abandoned Liu Bei in the past and relied on the country. The state commissioned the general to use the territory It can be said that the Shu people are stupid and wise, and they want to break up with each other, but what Muzhi said is not a trivial matter. Then the order was revealed, which is almost difficult to understand" ("Jin Shu·Xuan Emperor Ji").

Meng Da was overjoyed but hesitant. Sima Yi secretly led his army to attack. When the generals saw Meng Da handing over to Wu Shu, they advised Sima Yi to observe first and then take action. Sima Yi said: "Da has no faith. When he is in doubt, he should rush to a decision before he has made a decision" ("Book of Jin: Chronicles of Emperor Xuan"). Sima Yi personally led his army to attack Mengda day and night, and arrived at the gate of Xincheng eight days later.

Wu and Shu sent reinforcements to rescue Mengda, but were blocked by Sima Yi's troops at Anqiao, Mulansai and other places in the west city. Previously, Zhuge Liang had warned Mengda to be more careful and not to be fooled. Mengda wrote to Zhuge Liang, thinking: "Wan went to Luo for eight hundred miles, and I went to me for one thousand two hundred miles. If you heard about my actions, you should show your respect to the emperor, and compare yourself with others." , in one month, our city will be strong and our troops will be able to handle it. Then my place is in deep danger, and Lord Sima will not come by himself; in the future, I will have no trouble." ("Book of Jin: Chronicles of Emperor Xuan"). When the troops came to the city, Meng Da wrote another letter to Zhuge Liang, exclaiming: "I took action, and the troops arrived at the city in eight days, how fast it was" ("Book of Jin: Chronicles of Emperor Xuan")!

Shangyong City is surrounded by water on three sides. Mengda built a wooden fence outside the city to strengthen the city defense. Sima Yi sent his troops across the water, destroyed the wooden fence, and advanced directly to the city. In the first month of the second year of Taihe (228), Sima Yi divided his troops into eight groups and attacked the city for sixteen days. Meng Da's nephew Deng Xian and his general Li Fu surrendered in Kaicheng. The Wei army entered the city, captured Meng Da and sent him to the capital, capturing more than 10,000 people. Sima Yi returned to the army and remained stationed in Wancheng, rewarding farmers and mulberry trees, and prohibiting excessive fees. The officials and people in the south were convinced.

At the beginning of the previous period, Shen Yijiu was in Weixing County for a long time and exercised power exclusively. He used the emperor's name to engrave a seal without authorization and granted it privately. After Meng Da was killed, Shen Yi had doubts. At that time, the governors of various counties saw that Sima Yi had defeated the enemy and congratulated him one after another. Sima Yi let it go and asked someone to give Shen Yi a hint. Shen Yi had no choice but to come to congratulate. Sima Yi took the opportunity to arrest him and sent him to the capital.

Sima Yi also moved more than 7,000 Mengda's remaining families to Youzhou. Soon Shu generals Yao Jing, Zheng Ta and others led more than 7,000 of their subordinates to surrender.

At that time, the border county was newly attached and the household registration was false. The imperial court wanted to verify it and invited Sima Yi to Beijing to seek his opinion. Sima Yi believed: "The thieves tied them up with a dense net, so they abandoned them. It is better to use an outline, and then there will be peace and happiness naturally" ("Book of Jin: Chronicles of Emperor Xuan"). Emperor Ming also ordered him to attack both Wu and Shu. Where should he start first? Sima Yi replied: "Wu thinks that China is not used to water warfare, so he dares to live in Dongguan. Anyone who attacks the enemy must grab his throat and rip his heart out." Kou and Dongguan are the heart and throat of thieves. If the army moves towards Wancheng and leads eastward, and the water war army moves towards Xiakou and takes advantage of its weakness, it will be destroyed by the magic soldiers falling from the sky. "("Jin Shu·Xuan Emperor Ji"). Emperor Ming agreed with him and ordered him to remain stationed in Wancheng.

In May of the second year of Taihe (228), Wu Poyang Governor Zhou Li sent a personal letter to Cao Xiu, lying that he had been criticized by the King of Wu and planned to abandon Wu and surrender to Wei, and requested to send troops to support him. Without distinguishing the authenticity, Cao Xiu led 100,000 infantry and cavalry troops to Wancheng (now Qianshan, Anhui) to respond. Emperor Ming Ye (who governed Jinyang, now southwest of Taiyuan) ordered Sima Yi to lead his army to Jiangling (now Jiangling, Hubei) to coordinate with Cao Xiu. In August, Cao Xiu was defeated by the Wu army. Fortunately, Jia Kui rescued the remaining troops and survived.

In the third year of Taihe (227), Shu Prime Minister Zhuge Liang sent troops to attack Wei for the third time and occupied Wudu and Yinping counties. In the fourth year of Taihe (230), Emperor Wei Ming decided to launch an army to attack Shu. Sima Yi was promoted to the rank of general, governor, and fake Huangyue, and together with the great Sima Cao Zhen, he conquered Shu.

In August, Emperor Wei Ming ordered Cao Zhen to lead the main force from Chang'an into the Ziwu Valley, General Zhang He of the left left the Xie Valley, and Sima Yi followed the Han River from Jingzhou out of Xicheng (now northwest of Ankang, Shaanxi), and divided his troops into three groups to attack Hanzhong. Sima Yi opened up a road from Xicheng, advanced by land and water, and went upstream along the Mian River to Quji. He captured Xinfeng County and garrisoned Dankou.

In February of the fifth year of Taihe (231), Zhuge Liang, Prime Minister of the Shu Han Dynasty, led his fourth army to attack Wei, surrounded Jia Si and Wei Ping in Qishan (now the mountains of southeastern Gansu), and used wooden oxen and flowing horses to transport grain and grass. Emperor Ming said to Sima Yi: "There is trouble in the west, and no one but the emperor can take care of it" ("Book of Jin: Emperor Xuan Ji"), so he sent him to the west to station in Chang'an, with the commander-in-chief of the left general Zhang He, the governor of Yongzhou Guo Huai and others to defend the Shu army. Sima Yi left his generals Fei Yao and Dai Ling to guard Gui (now Tianshui, Gansu) with 4,000 men, and led the main force west to rescue Qishan. Zhang He advised Sima Yi to divide his troops and station them in Yong and Yi areas to serve as backstops for the army. Sima Yi disagreed. He said: "It is expected that the front army can only take the lead. The general said so. If it cannot take the lead and is divided into the front and rear, then the three armies of Chu will be tattooed." So he advanced towards Yu Mi.

When Zhuge Liang heard that the Wei army was approaching, he also divided his troops to attack Qishan and led the main force to attack Sima Yi. Guo Huai, Fei Yao and other troops attacked the Shu army, but were defeated by Zhuge Liang. He personally led the Shu army to take advantage of the situation to harvest ripe wheat first and obtain military rations.

At this point, there are two completely different records of future battles in the history books.

"Book of Jin: Chronicles of Emperor Xuan" records as follows: ... When Liang heard that the army was coming, he ordered his generals to harvest the wheat from Gui. All the generals were afraid, and the emperor said: "I am tired of the road. This is what those who know how to fight are greedy for. Liang does not dare to occupy the Wei River, so it is easy for him." When he entered Hanyang, he met Liang, and the emperor formed a formation to wait for him. He sent Niu Jinqing Qingqi to bait him, and the soldiers then retreated and pursued them to Qishan. Liangtun Lucheng (now south of Tianshui, Gansu Province) was surrounded by two mountains in the north and south, and was cut off from water. The emperor attacked the siege and escaped at dawn. Pursue them, defeat them, capture and kill them all.

"Zi Zhi Tong Jian·Volume 72" records as follows: ... Guo Huai, Fei Yao and others went to Liang, Liang broke it, because the big scorpion was cutting the wheat, and they met Yi in Shanggui. to the east. Yi Lian's army was in danger, and the soldiers could not be handed over, so Liang led them back. Yi waited for Liang and arrived at Lucheng. Zhang He said: "He came from afar to rebel against me, but he failed to fight. He said that our advantage was not in fighting, so he wanted to control him with a long-term plan.

Moreover, Qishan knew that the army was approaching, and the people's sentiments were solid. They could stop and camp here, divide them into surprise troops, and show what was behind them. It was not advisable to advance and they did not dare to push, otherwise they would lose the hope of the people. Today, the lone army has little food, so it is time to leave. "Yi refused to obey, so he looked for Liang. When he arrived, he climbed the mountain and dug a camp, refusing to fight. Jia Xu and Wei Ping asked for a fight several times, because they said: "The public is afraid of Shu like a tiger, but how can the world laugh! "Yi was ill. All the generals invited Xian to fight. In the fifth month of Xia, when Xin was already approaching, Yi sent Zhang He to attack Wudang prisoner He Ping in the southern siege, and took the case to Xiang Liang. Liang sent Wei Yan, Gao Xiang, and Wu Ban to fight against the enemy, and Wei The army was defeated, and the Han army received three thousand soldiers. Yi returned to the camp. In the sixth month, Liang retreated with all his supplies. Sima Yi sent Zhang He to pursue him to Mumen (today's southwest of Tianshui, Gansu Province) to fight with Liang. Gao Bufu, the bow and crossbow were fired randomly, and the flying arrow hit his right knee and died.

It can be seen that the former said that Sima Yi was victorious, while the latter said that Sima Yi was defeated. The biographies of Zhang He and Guo Huai all mention this in passing, and the former avoids mentioning Sima Yi's decision to pursue Shu. Relatively speaking, the latter's military reference books are more credible. The latter records were also used as the basis.

After the Shu army retreated, military counselor Du Xi and warlord Xue Ti both estimated that Zhuge Liang would invade again next year when the wheat was ripe, and suggested that grain and grass be transported in winter to solve the shortage of grain in Longyou. Question. Sima Yi thought: "When Liang came out of Qishan again, he attacked Chencang and was defeated. Even if they go out later, they will no longer attack the city. They should seek field battles, which must be in the east of Longlong, not in the west. Every time Liang resents the lack of food, he will accumulate grain when he returns home. As I predict, it cannot be moved unless it is Sanmin" ("Jin Shu·Xuan Emperor Ji").

The second year of Qinglong (234) In April, Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu, led an army of 100,000 people out of Xiegu to attack Wei. In April, Zhuge Liang arrived at Yixian County (now north of Meixian County, Shaanxi Province) and stationed himself south of the Wei River. Wei General Sima Yi led his army across the Wei River and built a fort on the water to stop Zhuge Liang. Wanting to stalemate with Zhuge Liang across the river in Weibei, Sima Yi said: "The people are all gathered in Weinan, and this is a must-win place" ("Book of Jin: Chronicles of Emperor Xuan"), so he crossed the Wei River and camped on the back of the river. The generals said: "If you are bright and brave, you should use your martial arts to follow the mountains to the east. If you go west to Wuzhangyuan (southwest of today's Mei County, Shaanxi Province), your army will be fine" ("Book of Jin·Xuan Di Ji").

Zhuge Liang indeed went to Wuzhangyuan. All Wei generals were happy, but Guo Huai, the governor of Yongzhou, was worried. He said: "Liang will fight for Beiyuan, so it is better to occupy it first" ("Zizhi Tongjian·Volume 72") , and many generals disagreed. Guo Huai said: "If Liang crossed the Wei River and climbed to the plains, and led troops to the northern mountains, cutting off the Long Road and destabilizing the people and barbarians, this would not be in the interests of the country" ("Three Kingdoms, Book of Wei, Biography of Guo Huai"). Only then did he realize the importance of Beiyuan, and ordered Guo Huai and others to move to Beiyuan. Before the barrier was completed, the Shu army arrived but failed to defeat it, and the two armies became in a confrontation.

In May, The Wu army attacked Wei in three directions to cooperate with the Shu army. Emperor Wei Ming sent Qin Lang to lead 20,000 troops to assist Sima Yi and led the main force to counterattack the Wu army.

Zhuge Liang retreated eastward. The road was blocked by Sima Yi, so he advanced from the Wei River and was blocked by Guo Huai, so he moved his army to capture Sanguan, Longcheng and other places, and then returned to attack Sima Yi.

In August, Sima Yi obeyed Emperor Ming's "Strengthen the Wall and Refuse to Defend". He stayed with Zhuge Liang for more than a hundred days under the instruction of "relax and wait for work". Zhuge Liang challenged him several times, but Sima Yi refused to get out of the wall. He wanted to wait for the Shu army to run out of food and prepare a counterattack. Zhuge Liang sent someone to send Sima Yi the "Women's Ornaments" ("Women's Ornaments"). In order to calm down the dissatisfaction of his subordinates, Sima Yi deliberately pretended to be angry and asked for a fight. Emperor Ming refused and sent his minister Xin Pizhangjie to fight. Military advisor to control his actions. When Zhuge Liang came to challenge, Sima Yi would lead his troops to attack. He said to Zhuge Liang: "Now that Xinpi's Staff Festival has arrived, the thief will not come out again. Zhuge Liang said: "He has no intention of fighting, so he insists on inviting him to show his strength to everyone." The general is in the army, but the emperor's orders are not accepted. If you can control me, how can you come thousands of miles away to fight against evil?" ("Book of Jin: Chronicles of Emperor Xuan")! Zhuge Liang then divided his troops into fields and prepared for a long-term garrison.

Sima Yi's younger brother Sima Fu wrote to ask about the military situation at the front. Sima Yi wrote back: "Liang has great ambitions but does not see opportunities. He has many plans but few decisions. He is a good soldier but has no authority. Although he has raised 100,000 soldiers, he has fallen into my painting and must be destroyed. "("Book of Jin: Chronicles of Emperor Xuan").

Soon, Zhuge Liang sent an envoy to ask for war. Sima Yi did not talk about military affairs, but asked the envoy: "How is Duke Zhuge's daily life? How many meters can he eat? The messenger said: "Three or four liters." Then when he asked about political affairs, the envoy said: "The twenty punishments have been handed down. Everyone should reflect on themselves." "After some casual questioning, Sima Yi said to people: "Zhuge Kongming has been able to do it for a long time" ("Book of Jin·Xuandi Ji")! Sure enough, Zhuge Liang died of illness in the Wuzhangyuan Army that month.

Secret of Shu General There was no mourning, and the whole army retreated. When the local people saw that the Shu army was withdrawing, they reported to Sima Yi. Sima Yi sent troops to pursue him. , Sima Yi visited Zhuge Liang's camp and "viewed his remains and obtained many of his books and grains" ("Book of Jin: Records of Emperor Xuan"). Based on this, Sima Yi concluded that Zhuge Liang was dead and praised Zhuge Liang as "a genius in the world" ("Jin"). Book·Xuan Di Ji").

Xinpi believed that it was still unknown whether Zhuge Liang was dead. Sima Yi said: "The most important things for the military family are military secrets, military secrets, and grain and grain for soldiers and horses. They are all abandoned now. How can anyone donate his five treasures and survive?" Huh? We should pursue him urgently" ("Jin Shu·Xuan Di Ji"). So he led his troops to pursue him. There are many thorns in Guanzhong, so Sima Yi sent three thousand soldiers to wear flat wooden clogs made of soft materials and walk in front of the army. The thorns were all stuck on the wooden clogs, and then the army marched forward on horseback. After chasing him all the way to Chi'an, he got the exact news of Zhuge Liang's death. There was a proverb at that time: "Zhuge died and Zhongda was born." Sima Yi smiled and said: "It is convenient for me to predict life, but it is not convenient to predict death" ("Book of Jin·Xuan Emperor Ji").

This is the end of Zhuge Liang's seven-year campaign to attack Wei. Regardless of his strategic missteps, Zhuge Liang used a single state to attack Wei in the Central Plains. Even though he tried his best to be loyal and wise, he was unable to achieve his strategic goals due to the disparity in strength. Under the correct command of Sima Yi and others, the Wei State adopted a defensive strategy with superior force, and finally won the final victory by not retreating the Shu army without fighting.

After the Shu generals Yang Yi and Wei Yan withdrew their troops, they fought for power. Yang Yi killed Wei Yan. Sima Yi wanted to take the opportunity to attack Shu, but Emperor Ming did not approve it, so he gave up.

In the third year of Qinglong (235), Sima Yi was promoted to Taiwei.

When the warlords were fighting in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Gongsun Du occupied Liaodong. This separatist force was submissive to the Cao Wei regime, sometimes rebelling and sometimes surrendering, maintaining a semi-independent status. After Gongsun Yuan became the governor of Liaodong, he became even more unkind to Wei. In the first year of Jingchu (237), Gongsun Yuan, the former prefect of Wei and Liaodong, betrayed Wei and established himself as King of Yan. He appointed hundreds of officials and made his capital Xiangping (today's Liaoyang, Liaoning).