Causes of labor mobility

Labor mobility, in a sense, is due to the development of productive forces, which leads to instability and uncertainty between some industries and the labor market. This flow is difficult to be controlled by the outside world.

The main reasons for labor mobility, the reasons for the formation of labor mobility, and the international labor mobility have both non-economic and economic reasons. It can be said with certainty that many international immigrants who occurred in19th century and earlier fled to avoid political and religious persecution in Xinzhou. However, after World War II, most international labor flows were mainly driven by economic factors.

Labor migration decision is the result of weighing costs and benefits, just like investment decision. The cost of international labor mobility includes transportation cost, intermediary cost, information cost and income loss of time spent looking for a job in a new country. In addition, it also includes unrealizable costs. For example, to bid farewell to the familiar ring city and adapt to the new environment, we need to overcome obstacles such as language education, cultural differences and institutional differences.

The cost of many family-related labor mobility is mainly the technical level of international immigration means, the internationalization of labor market and the management efficiency of immigration procedures. The more diversified the means of international migration, the higher the technical level, the more choices immigrants have, and the lower the cost of labor mobility; The higher the internationalization of the labor market, the more unconventional the immigration activities. The lower the expenses, the lower the labor mobility cost; The more efficient the management of immigration procedures is. The shorter the migration time, the lower the cost of labor mobility.

The income from the international movement of labor force can be balanced by the higher wages and income obtained from abroad than at home during its remaining working life. Other benefits include a better system, better education for children and better job opportunities in the future. From the perspective of income and cost, labor mobility can analyze the choice of immigrants by estimating the internal rate of return of immigration decisions, just like analyzing investment decisions.

If the internal rate of return is high and can cover the non-economic costs related to immigration, then the labor force will decide to immigrate. Since then, the fact that the labor force has been migrating from low-income prisoners to high-income countries has proved the correctness of the above analysis. One of the reasons why young workers are more likely to emigrate than old workers is that they have a longer working life and can benefit from high-income people abroad.