How many types of power generation are there? What are the disadvantages and advantages?

There are five ways to generate electricity.

First, hydropower.

Advantages:

Water energy is inexhaustible and renewable clean energy. However, in order to make effective use of natural water energy, it is necessary to artificially build hydraulic structures, such as dams, diversion pipes, culverts, etc., to concentrate the flow drop and adjust the flow. Therefore, the project investment is large and the construction period is long.

However, hydropower has high efficiency, low power generation cost, fast start-up and easy adjustment. Because of the use of natural water flow, it is greatly influenced by natural conditions. Hydropower is often an important part of comprehensive utilization of water resources, which forms a comprehensive utilization system of water resources with shipping, aquaculture, irrigation, flood control and tourism.

Hydropower is a renewable energy source and has little impact on the environment. Besides providing cheap electricity, it also has the following advantages: controlling floods, providing irrigation water and improving river navigation. Related projects will also improve the transportation, power supply and economy in the region, especially the development of tourism and aquaculture.

Disadvantages:

1. Due to the terrain limitation, it is impossible to build a large capacity. The single machine capacity is about 300MW.

2. The construction period is long and the construction cost is high.

3. Being located in natural rivers or lakes and swamps, it is vulnerable to geomantic disasters and affects other water conservancy undertakings. Power output is easily affected by weather, drought and rain.

It is not easy to increase the production capacity after the factory is completed.

5. Ecological destruction: the water erosion under the dam is intensified, the river changes and its influence on animals and plants.

6. Resettlement needs dams, and investment in infrastructure construction is large.

7. The fertile alluvial soil in the downstream is reduced due to erosion.

Second, thermal power generation.

Advantages:

1. Mature technology. Compared with other power generation methods, thermal power generation has a short construction period, no need for high technology and equipment, and less investment.

2. Easy site selection, less land occupation, less investment, short construction period and low requirements for geographical environment.

Disadvantages:

1, flue gas pollution

So coal is directly burned and discharged? With the increase of gas, the amount of acid rain in many areas of China has increased. The annual dust pollution in China is 6.5438+0.4 million tons, which causes fly ash pollution to the environment near power stations and adversely affects people's lives and plant growth. Smoke and dust150,000 tons are produced every year in China.

2. Resource consumption

Steam turbines for power generation usually use water as cooling medium, and the daily water consumption of a 1000MW thermal power plant is about100000 tons. The country consumes 50 million tons of standard coal every year.

Third, nuclear power generation.

Advantages:

1, nuclear power generation does not emit huge amounts of pollutants into the atmosphere like fossil fuel power generation, so nuclear power generation will not cause air pollution.

2. Nuclear power generation will not produce carbon dioxide which will aggravate the global greenhouse effect.

3. The energy density of nuclear fuel is several million times higher than that of fossil fuel, so the fuel used in nuclear power plants is small and convenient for transportation and storage. A 1000 MW nuclear power plant only needs 30 metric tons of uranium fuel a year and can be transported by plane in one voyage.

4. In the cost of nuclear power generation, the proportion of fuel cost is low, and the cost of nuclear power generation is not easily affected by the international economic situation, so the cost of power generation is more stable than other power generation methods.

Disadvantages:

1, which provides the necessary conditions for the nuclear fission chain reaction to proceed.

2. The chain reaction must be controlled by people through certain devices. Uncontrolled fission energy can not only be used to generate electricity, but also lead to disaster. (such as Chernobyl nuclear power plant and Fukushima nuclear power plant. )

3. The energy produced by fission reaction should be taken out of the reactor safely.

4. Neutrons and radioactive substances produced by fission reaction are very harmful to human body, and their harm to nuclear power plant staff and nearby residents must be avoided as far as possible.

5. Nuclear power plants will produce high and low levels of radioactive waste or used nuclear fuel. Although it is small, it must be handled carefully because of its radiation, and it will face considerable political trouble.

6. Nuclear power plants have low thermal efficiency, so they emit more waste heat to the environment than ordinary fossil fuel power plants, so the thermal pollution of nuclear power plants is more serious.

7. The investment cost of nuclear power plants is too high, and the financial risks of power companies are high.

8. Nuclear power plants are not suitable for peak and off-peak load operation.

9. Building nuclear power plants is more likely to lead to political differences and disputes.

10, there are a lot of radioactive substances in the reactor of nuclear power plant, which will do harm to ecology and people if released into the external environment in an accident.

Fourth, wind power generation.

Advantages:

1, clean, good environmental protection benefits.

2, renewable, never exhausted.

3. The capital construction period is short.

4. Flexible installed capacity.

Disadvantages:

1, noise, visual pollution.

2. occupy a large area of land.

3. Unstable and uncontrollable.

The current cost is still high.

5. Affect birds.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) geothermal power generation

Advantages: renewable; Widely distributed; Rich in reserves; Low unit cost; Building geothermal power plants is simple and fast. ?

Disadvantages: large capital investment; Restricted by geography; Low thermal efficiency, 30% of geothermal energy is used to drive turbine generators; The outflow of hot water contains high minerals; Some toxic gases will be sprayed into the air with hot air, causing air pollution. ?

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