Timeline of western culture

Western civilization is a material civilization that emphasizes individual realization. China civilization is the most different from western civilization, which is the first feeling of westerners. Many non-Western ancient civilizations, such as Egyptian, Indian, Persian and China, are different. They are all integrated with western civilization from ancient times. For example, Egypt is one of the four ancient civilizations, but it was not until modern times that Egypt had relations with the West. There was a very famous Queen Cleopatra in Egyptian history. She and her whole family ruled Egypt for two or three hundred years, but they were all Greeks and could not speak Egyptian at all. So Egypt and the west have been intertwined since ancient times, because the birthplace of western civilization is in the Mediterranean region, and Egypt and Africa were originally mixed with western civilization.

It refers to the modern culture of Western Europe and North America, including different standards, values and customs in the western world. The word west corresponds to the Orthodox Church, Asian or Islamic countries, or developing countries in the third world. It has always been corresponding to the capitalist countries of the former Soviet Union.

The concept of western culture is usually associated with the traditional definition of the western world. According to this definition, western culture is a collection of literary, scientific, musical and philosophical principles, which is different from other major civilizations. It is applicable to countries strongly influenced by western European immigration or colonization, not limited to western Europe. Most of these traditions are listed in western classics.

Western culture is used in many ways, whether it is used correctly or not, including American culture, materialism, industrialism, capitalism, commercialism, hedonism, imperialism, modernism and even explaining western civilization.

Western culture is generally considered to have originated from ancient Greece, Roman Empire, Catholicism and Protestantism, collectively known as Judaism-Christianity culture. But western culture is also rooted in Germanic, Slavic and Celtic popular culture, which is an important driving force for the formation of European medieval culture.

Western culture has made great progress in literature, music, philosophy and religion. Important traditions include:

follow conventionality

Catholicism

Protestant faith

humanitarianism

The Renaissance

the age of enlightenment

return to secular life

Scientific method

BC 1 century, after the Roman Empire captured Greece, it absorbed the science, philosophy, democracy, architecture, literature and art of ancient Greece, and made further development on this basis.

In the next 500 years, although the Roman Empire rejected the avant-garde democratic thought of ancient Athens, it spread Greek and Latin to the whole of Europe by Roman law. Roman culture combines Germanic, Slavic and Celtic cultures, but with the decline of Rome, many arts, literature and sciences in Greece and Rome have disappeared or been replaced.

With the improvement of the status of Roman Christianity, the Bible has become the core of western literature and art, affecting almost all fields of western culture, including art, law, philosophy, education and politics. Roman Christianity established many theological seminaries, and now many universities and colleges originated here. Generally speaking, these colleges promoted the spread of early western culture. Arab culture has preserved some knowledge of ancient Greece and Rome. With the Crusades, the Arabian culture owned by the Moors in Spain and the Levant had an impact on Western Europe. Finally, in the14th century, the Greek cultural heritage was rediscovered by Western Europe, and the Renaissance was born.

/kloc-after the 0/6th century, the western culture of the Renaissance was spread to the New World by explorers, colonists, businessmen and missionaries. The subsequent Enlightenment reached its peak during the American Revolution and the French Revolution. The concepts of civil rights, equality before the law, judicial justice and democracy were put into practice for the first time. Nowadays, these norms have become the cornerstone of modern western culture.

/kloc-In the 20th century, the United States began to develop its own western culture. After 1950, it occupied a dominant position, and together with American fashion, entertainment, science and technology, and politics, it was full of other western worlds.

All over the world, the elements in western culture have a strong influence on other cultures. Many people with cultural background, whether western or non-western, equate "modernization" with "westernization". Of course, there are also many non-Westerners who oppose adopting western ideas and values as a necessity for all societies. Some members of the non-western world associate scientific and technological progress with different western values, which are quite different from those of their local society, and take this as a reason to oppose most "modernization".

It is indisputable that most of the technical and social models that constitute the so-called "modernization" concept have developed from the western world. But whether these technologies and social models are essential parts of western culture is even more difficult to answer. According to empirical science, many people think that this question cannot be answered. Instead, we must find a "value" problem in its value system (such as philosophy, religion and political theory). Of course, many parts of anthropology now show the relationship between physical environment and daily activities, as well as the formation of culture (discovered from cultural ecology). Therefore, "modernization" and "modern" technology not only refer to "science" (that is, physics), but also may be closely related to a certain culture, such as western culture. Without these technologies, today's western culture will be very different from the well-known situation throughout the ages.

Western culture occupies a dominant position in the curriculum of European and American schools because of its cornerstone role in culture, art, literature and history. From the 1960s to the 1970s, a new cultural awakening called multicultural policy began to encourage western research on African and Asian culture, history and art, and the progress of this policy accelerated after the 1960s.

Except for food, literature, art, music, religion and politics, western culture is different from other cultures in the world in many ways.

Freedom, as the most important value, has triggered many other sub-cultures;

Strong scientific and technological innovation ability, firmly believe in progress;

Have a strong sense of privacy and civil rights;

Attitudes towards sex and monogamy are somewhat casual;

Personal honor and disgrace rarely leads to job suicide or suicide in name;

People agree that political corruption will lead to low economic efficiency;

Focus on the nuclear family, not the extended family.

A major feature of the western world is that it is devoted to science and technology, and is good at creating new processes and materials, and then forming new products. The steam engine was developed in the west and applied to power generation in factories. The invention and early development of four-stroke cycle and internal combustion engine also occurred in the west. The nuclear power plant was invented in Chicago. Generators, transformers, motors and electric lights, it can be said that almost all familiar electrical appliances originated in the west. New communication equipment and systems, such as telegraph, telephone, fax, submarine cable, radio, television, communication and navigation satellites, Internet and World Wide Web, can all be attributed to the West. Some common materials, such as concrete, aluminum, bright glass, synthetic rubber, polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene, are all western inventions. Ships, bridges and skyscrapers made of steel first appeared in the west. Vaccine, anesthesia, nuclear magnetic resonance, oral contraceptives, all pure antibiotics come from the west. Transistors, integrated circuits, memory chips, computers, mice and hard disks are all from the west, as well as pencils, ballpoint pens, CRT, LCD, LED, photography, xerography, laser printers, plasma displays and so on. The ship's longitude meter, engine-driven propeller, locomotive, bicycle, car and plane were all invented in the west. Glasses, binoculars, microscopes, electron microscopes, various chromatographies, protein, DNA sequencing, CT, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-rays, and spectral studies of white light, ultraviolet rays and infrared rays were first developed and applied in western laboratories, hospitals and factories. The theories of biochemical diseases, diabetes and bacterial pathogens were also discovered by westerners. The eradication of smallpox, known as the scourge in ancient times, was carried out under the leadership of Donald Henderson, a westerner.

In mathematics, calculus, statistics, logic, vectors, tensors, complex analysis, group theory and topology all developed from the west. In biology, the methods used in evolution, chromosome, DNA, genetics and molecular biology are all initiated in the West. Mechanics, quantum mechanics, relativity, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics in physics are all created by westerners. Atoms, nuclei, electrons, neutrons and protons are all revealed by westerners. Most chemical elements, including their components, are found in the west. Nitrogen fixation and petrochemical products are also the credit of westerners. Chemistry developed into a member of science in the west.

West Renye Fang is famous for its exploration of the earth and space. It was westerners who sailed around the world for the first time. It was westerners who first set foot on the South Pole and landed on the moon. Landing robots on Mars and asteroids and exploring other planets are all achievements of westerners.

Western civilization is a material civilization that emphasizes personal achievements. China civilization and western civilization are the most different, which is the first feeling of the West. Many ancient non-Western civilizations, such as Egypt, India, Persia and China, are different. They have been mixed with Western civilizations since ancient times. For example, Egypt is one of the four ancient civilizations, but it was not in modern times that Egypt had relations with the West. There was a very famous queen Cleopatra in Egyptian history. She and her whole family ruled Egypt for 300 years, but the Greeks would never say that if Egypt. Therefore, ancient Egypt and the West have always been entangled, because the Mediterranean region is the birthplace of Western civilization, and Egypt, Africa and Western civilization were originally blended together.

Refers to the modern culture of Western Europe and North America, including the common standards, values and customs in the western world. The word "West" refers to Orthodox Church, Asian or Islamic countries, Third World or developing countries. It is also equivalent to the communist countries of the former Soviet Union.

Western culture is a concept of the western world and is usually associated with traditional definitions. According to the definition of western culture, it is different from other major civilizations in literature, science, music, philosophy and collection principles. The suspension will apply to the powerful influence of immigrants or colonial countries in western Europe, and it is not limited to western Europe. Most of these traditions are contained in western classics.

Western culture is used in many aspects, whether it is used correctly or not, including American culture, materialism, industrialism, capitalism and commercialism, hedonism, imperialism, modernism and the interpretation of western civilization.

Western culture is generally considered to have originated from ancient Greece, Roman Empire, Catholicism and Protestantism, which are collectively referred to as Jewish-Christian culture. However, western culture is also rooted in the popular culture of Germans, Slavs and Celts, which is an important driving force for the formation of European medieval culture.

In western culture, literature, music, philosophy and religion have been extremely rich. Important traditions include:

scholasticism

Of all Christians

Protestant

humanitarianism

revive

the age of enlightenment

return to secular life

Scientific method

In BC 1 century, after the fall of the Roman Empire, Greece absorbed the science, philosophy, democracy, architecture, literature and art of ancient Greece, and further developed on this basis.

In the next 500 years, although the Roman Empire rejected the very avant-garde democratic ideas of ancient Athens, it spread Greek, Latin and Roman law to Europe. Roman culture combines Germanic, Slavic and Celtic cultures, but with the decline of Rome, many arts, literature and sciences of Greece and Greco-Roman have disappeared or been replaced.

With the advancement of the Christian Bible, it has become the core of western literature and art, and has influenced almost all fields of western culture, including art, law, philosophy, education and politics. Many Christian theological seminaries were established in Rome, and now many universities and colleges originated here. Generally speaking, these colleges promoted the early spread of western culture. Ancient Greece and Rome preserved some knowledge of Arabic culture. With the Crusades, the Arabic culture of Spain, the Levant and the Moors had an impact on Western Europe. Finally, in the14th century, the Greek cultural heritage was discovered by Western Europe again, and the Renaissance was born.

/kloc-In the 6th century, western culture spread to the New World through explorers, settlers, missionaries, businessmen and the Renaissance. Then came the Enlightenment of the American Revolution, and the French Revolution reached its peak. Civil rights, equality before the law, justice and democracy, which constitute an ideal society, have been put into practice for the first time. These norms have now become the cornerstone of modern western culture.

In19th century, the United States began to develop its own western culture, which occupied a dominant position in 1950 years, and spread to other western worlds together with American fashion, entertainment, science and technology and politics.

Around the world, western culture has a strong influence on other cultural elements. Many cultures, both western and non-western, regard "modernity" and "westernization" as equal weight. Of course, there are also many non-western people who regard opposing the adoption of western ideas and values as a social necessity. Some members of the non-Western world associate western scientific and technological progress with different values, because western values are different from those of their local society, which becomes the reason to oppose most "modernization"

It is indisputable that most social models that constitute the so-called "modern" technical concept have been developed since the western world. However, these technologies and social models are the essence of western culture and part of the more difficult questions to answer. According to many scientific evidences, this question can't be answered. Instead, it is a question of "values", and we must find the answer from the value system (such as philosophy, religion and political theory). Of course, many anthropologists now show a part of the relationship between the physical environment and daily activities and the formation of culture (since the discovery of ecology and culture). Therefore, "modernization" and "modern" technologies are not only "scientific" (that is, physical), but also closely related to a certain culture, such as western culture. Without these technologies, it would be different to be as famous as western culture.

Because of the cornerstone function of culture, art, literature and history, western culture occupies a dominant position in the curriculum of European and American schools. 1In the early 1970s, the new cultural policy known as multicultural awakening began to encourage the study of culture, history and art in West Africa and Asia. After this policy entered1990s, its progress was accelerated.

Except for food, literature, art, music, religion and politics, western culture is different from other cultures in the world in many ways.

As the most important value, freedom has led to many other kinds of Asian cultures;

Have strong scientific and technological innovation ability, and firmly believe in progress;

Have a strong sense of privacy and civil rights;

Sexually, monogamy is somewhat arbitrary;

Personal honor rarely leads to the duty of suicide, in the name of suicide;

It is agreed that political corruption will lead to low economic efficiency;

Focus on the nuclear family, not the extended family.

A major feature of the western world is its commitment to science and technology, and its ability to create new processes, new materials and new products. It is in the west that steam engines have been developed and used by factories to generate electricity. The invention and early development of four-stroke internal combustion engine and cycle occurred in the west. The nuclear power plant was invented in Chicago. Generators, transformers, motors, and almost all familiar electrical appliances come from the west. New communication equipment and systems, such as telegraph, telephone, fax, submarine cable, radio and television, communication and navigation satellites, Internet and World Wide Web, can all be attributed to the West. Some common materials, such as concrete, aluminum, bright glass, synthetic rubber, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and so on, are all western inventions. Steel ships, bridges and skyscrapers first appeared in the west. Vaccines, anesthesia, nuclear magnetic resonance, oral contraceptives, and all pure antibiotics from the West. Transistors, integrated circuits, memory chips, computers, mice and hard disks have come out in the west, as well as pencils, ballpoint pens, CRT, LCD, LED, photography, xerography, laser printers, plasma displays and so on. Ships, propeller-driven engines, locomotives, bicycles, cars and airplanes, since the invention of the West. Glasses, binoculars, microscopes, electron microscopes, various chromatograms, protein, DNA sequencing, CT, MRI, X-rays and white light, ultraviolet and infrared spectra were first developed and applied in western laboratories, hospitals and factories. Bacterial sources of biochemical diseases and diabetes were also found in the west. The ancient curse known as the eradication of smallpox began under the leadership of Donald Henderson in the west.

In mathematics, calculus, statistics, logic, vectors, tensors, complex analysis, group theory and topology all developed from the west. The methods used in biology, evolution, chromosome, DNA, genetics and molecular biology are the first in the West. Mechanical physics, quantum mechanics, relativity, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics were created by the west. Atoms, nuclei, electrons, protons and neutrons are revealed in the west. Most chemical elements, including their components, have been found in the west. Nitrogen fixation and petrochemical products are also the credit of the west. It is chemistry that becomes a science in the west.

West Renye Fang explored the earth and space. The first voyage around the world was in the west, the first step on Antarctica and the first landing on the moon were all in the west. Robots landed on Mars and asteroids and explored the outer space of planets, all of which are achievements of westerners.