Midwest ecological migration base

National policies and measures have tilted towards the western region, and substantial steps have been taken in infrastructure construction. In the four years since the implementation of the strategy of developing the western region, the state has increased its investment in construction funds in the western region. The central financial construction funds are used for the development of the western region of about 360 billion yuan, of which more than 220 billion yuan is used for the long-term construction of national debt. The loan balance of financial institutions in the western region increased by more than 950 billion yuan. The state has started 50 new key projects in the western region with a total investment of more than 730 billion yuan. Among them, the investment in key infrastructure projects exceeds 200 billion yuan. Track laying of the new line of Qinghai-Tibet Railway is 317km; The East Section of the West-East Gas Transmission Project has been fully completed, and commercial gas has been supplied to four provinces and one city in East China. The newly started power transmission project from west to east has a total installed capacity of more than 28 million kilowatts, and more than 9,800 kilometers of power transmission and transformation lines have been built. 43 large reservoirs have been built and rebuilt, and the comprehensive management of Tarim River and Heihe River has achieved initial results, and the Populus euphratica forest in the lower reaches of the two rivers has begun to recover; The mileage of new highways is 75,000 kilometers, including 4,600 kilometers of expressways; More than 4,570 kilometers of new railway lines, double-track lines and electrified lines have been built, and 30 airports have been built, renovated and expanded, including 15 completed and 15 under construction.

(2) The project of returning farmland to forests was launched in an all-round way, and the protection and construction of ecological environment were obviously strengthened. After more than two years of pilot projects, from 2002, the project of returning farmland to forests was fully launched in 25 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, focusing on the central and western regions. By the end of 2003, China had returned 228 million mu of farmland to forests, including 654.38 billion mu of farmland to forests and 654.38 billion mu of afforestation in barren hills and wasteland suitable for forests. The survival rate of afforestation can basically meet the requirements. In the past four years, the project of returning farmland to forests has directly increased farmers' grain, seedlings and cash in the central and western regions by 49.2 billion yuan, which has promoted ecological improvement and increased farmers' income. The project of returning grazing to grassland began to be piloted, and seriously degraded grassland was arranged to be treated 1 100 million mu. The natural forest resources protection project was launched in an all-round way, and the sandstorm source control project in Beijing and Tianjin entered the implementation stage. Pollution control in the upper reaches of rivers and central cities in the west has been strengthened.

(3) Rural infrastructure construction has been significantly strengthened, and farmers' production and living conditions have gradually improved. The oil pipeline project leading to the county has been basically completed, with a total mileage of 26,000 kilometers; Renovation and construction of export roads in more than 300 poverty-stricken counties, 6.5438+0.7 million kilometers; The total mileage of the inter-county highway project is 46,000 kilometers, 30,000 kilometers have been started and 4,400 kilometers of pavement works have been completed. The project of sending electricity to villages has solved the power supply problem of 969 villages without electricity. The implementation of the radio and television access project has made the access ratio of radio and television in western administrative villages reach over 97%. The rural drinking water project for people and livestock has basically solved the drinking water problem of 26 million people in the western region. In 200 1 year, the pilot projects of ecological migration in Yunnan, Guizhou, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia have resettled 700,000 people living in areas with harsh ecological environment and no basic living conditions for human beings. (4) The development of science and technology, education and social undertakings has been accelerated, and the development of talents has been intensified. In recent years, the state has arranged more than 2 100 scientific and technological development projects in the western region, built 18 scientific research bases and supported 230 high-tech industrialization demonstration projects. We will arrange the renovation of more than 7,000 dilapidated buildings in rural primary and secondary schools, support the construction of more than 240 county-level vocational education centers, technical secondary schools and technical schools, and focus on the construction of 25 university infrastructures, 152 university computer campus networks, and more than 500 county-level high-quality ordinary high schools and modern distance education demonstration projects in primary and secondary schools. Support the construction of 260 poverty-stricken county hospitals, more than 800 disease control institutions, more than 290 blood stations and blood centers in the western region, equipped with 1 190 family planning mobile service vehicles, more than 770 mobile medical vehicles, more than 60,000 radio and television receiving devices and a number of grassroots cultural facilities. The central state organs have intensified the training of cadres in the western region, and the number of exchange cadres with the western region has increased. In 2003 alone, 17 provincial and ministerial cadres and 220 bureau-level cadres went to the western region for temporary employment. 454 cadres from the western region and ethnic minorities went to the central state organs and the eastern region for post training. The Central Organization Department, the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, the Ministry of Education and other organizations have organized and implemented activities such as doctoral service groups and college students volunteering to serve the west.

(5) Economic restructuring continued, and opening to the outside world was further expanded. The advantages of hydropower, natural gas, petroleum, non-ferrous metals, cotton, sugar, fruit, meat and other special products in the western region have initially taken shape. The construction of tourism infrastructure has been significantly strengthened. The proportion of added value of tertiary industry increased from 35.2% in 1999 to 38.7% in 2002. The reform, reorganization and transformation of state-owned enterprises have intensified, and the individual and private economy has developed rapidly. Nearly 100 of the world's top 500 enterprises have invested or set up offices in the western region. In the past four years, the accumulated foreign direct investment has reached 7.5 billion US dollars. Economic cooperation and counterpart support between the east and the west have been strengthened. Only Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and other provinces and cities have invested more than 654.38 billion yuan in the western region.

(6) The pace of economic construction in ethnic minority areas has been accelerated. The state has increased investment in construction funds and financial transfer payments in ethnic minority areas, and all five ethnic minority autonomous regions and 30 ethnic minority autonomous prefectures have been included in the scope of the large-scale development of the western region. In the investment in the development of the western region, the state has made key arrangements for Tibet. The fourth aid to Tibet 1 17 organized 70 relevant provinces and cities to support Tibet's construction projects, with a total investment of more than 40 billion yuan. The state has laid out a number of key projects in Xinjiang, such as gas transmission from the west to the east, water conservancy development, watershed management, returning farmland to forests, traffic construction, commodity cotton base construction, and exploration of superior resources. Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and Guangxi autonomous regions have witnessed rapid growth in investment and economy.

There are still many difficulties and problems in further promoting the development of the western region. The backward infrastructure such as transportation, water conservancy, energy and communication is still the weak link that restricts the development of the western region. The trend of local improvement and overall deterioration of the ecological environment has not been effectively controlled. The contradiction of water shortage is prominent, education, health and other social undertakings are seriously lagging behind, talent shortage and brain drain are serious, there is a big gap between reform and opening up, there are many investment environment problems, and self-development ability is insufficient. To solve these difficulties and problems, we should not only have a sense of urgency, but also be prepared for long-term and arduous struggle and make unremitting efforts.