What is the employment situation of physics graduates studying in the United States?

What is the employment situation of physics graduates studying in the United States? As we all know, physics is a pure science subject, so the employment situation is not as good as that of engineering subjects, and the employment area is relatively narrow. Then, for students who choose physics major, what foreseeable problems will they face when they are employed?

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The overall employment situation of American physics

Physics is a basic major, which often needs a lot of government policy investment, so it is difficult to realize industrialization. So generally speaking, whether in the United States or China, the graduates majoring in physics are not ideal in the industry. However, because many physics graduates have doctorates, in many cases, American doctors have great opportunities to stay in school as postdoctoral fellows, or do research in corresponding research institutions, or return to domestic universities as professors, or do research in research institutions such as Chinese Academy of Sciences. In the United States, the average annual salary of physicists exceeds $6,543,800+,because most of them have doctoral degrees.

But physics has many directions, and it is biased to generalize. In addition to the differences in learning, there are also great differences in the degree of application in practice and whether it is valued, which need to be discussed according to all directions.

Astrophysics, plasma physics, high-energy (particle) physics, quantum physics

Physicists in these directions are very advanced or theoretical in their own research content, and some research is only to satisfy human curiosity, which is still far from application. Therefore, most students who study these fields will stay in school after graduation and engage in research work in corresponding research institutions. It is worth mentioning that due to the recent operation of the large electron collider in Geneva, it is believed that the research of high-energy (particle) physics will remain active in the next decade or so. For these directions, I choose to continue my research work.

Nuclear physics

Most workers in nuclear physics are also engaged in education and research, but the difference here is that the research focus of nuclear physics is how to apply nuclear technology. Now nuclear technology has been applied in more and more fields. The most important things are national defense, the development of nuclear energy, and the application of isotope drugs in the diagnosis or treatment of certain diseases; Isotope meters are used as monitoring or quality control equipment for production lines in various industrial departments. Accelerators and isotope radiation sources have been used in industrial radiation processing, food preservation and medical disinfection, radiation breeding, radiation flaw detection and radiation medical treatment. In order to study the interaction between radiation and matter and irradiation technology, frontier disciplines such as radiation physics and radiation chemistry and technical departments such as irradiation technology have been established, but these instruments are developed by nuclear physicists and do not need to be used by nuclear physicists. Therefore, for nuclear physics, it is most appropriate to continue to engage in research, but engineers engaged in nuclear power plants are also the choice of more and more people.

Condensation physics

Because the scope of condensed matter research is too wide, the employment situation should also be viewed separately, depending on the content of the research. Do semiconductors, superconductors and nanomaterials related to EE and materials, and be a new material research and development and test engineer in IT and electronics industries. But now the physics department pays more attention to theoretical research, so in fact, most people still continue to do research work. When applying for a job, concentrated graduates should go to some typical industrial centers, such as California, Texas and Pennsylvania. For example, the national semiconductor company of the United States is established in California, and the oil industry in Texas is developed. Mobil and other oil companies are headquartered in Texas, and Binzhou's coal and steel industries are developed. Pittsburgh is the steel center of America. If students in a condensed state want to find a job in the industry, they must prepare in advance to supplement their missing knowledge of computer programming and statistics, so as to find a job in the industry smoothly. Therefore, the condensed employment field is much wider than all the directions mentioned above.

optics

Optics is one of the hottest directions in physics in 2 1 century. It is the direction closest to application in physics, and it is also the direction closely combined with EE (Electronic and Electrical Engineering). Especially if you were born in Kogakuin, one of the three optical centers (University of Rochester, University of university of central florida and University of Arizona), employment is not a problem because it is widely recognized by the industry and closely related. In addition, optical researchers can work in optical fiber communication, optical (photoelectric) device companies, solar energy industry, lasers, liquid crystal materials and other fields. In solar energy, despite the economic downturn, the solar energy industry in the United States has made great progress. Last year, the US solar equipment market nearly doubled compared with 2008; The number of American houses equipped with solar energy equipment is increasing day by day, and the power generation of rooftop solar energy equipment has increased by about two times. While other industries are laying off employees, the number of employees in the solar energy industry is expanding. The five most used states in the United States are California, Florida, New Jersey, Colorado and Arizona.

The combination with EE is more photoelectron and optical communication. Employment in this field is more extensive, such as general network companies, China Mobile, China Telecom, China Unicom, Tietong and so on, as well as instrument and equipment vendors, such as Huawei, ZTE, TP-Link and so on.

As for photonic crystals, because of their special structure and special properties of light, it is of great help to invent new optical instruments. For example, solar cells can improve the utilization efficiency of solar energy through photonic crystals, and photonic crystals can be used to manufacture new optical switches, optical amplifiers, optical focusing devices and so on. Photonic crystals may replace traditional optical products and play an inestimable role in economic and social development. Most of the employees are optical instrument companies and solar energy-related industries.

In the United States, it is very common for optical graduates to work in the industry, and the salary is also in many directions, which is most suitable for physics applicants who want to develop in the industry.