My humble opinion on Guangdong place names

Problem description:

Place names such as Humen, Jiaomen, Hongqimen, Hengmen and Modaomen all have the word "door". Why?

Analysis:

Because these places belong to the towns by the river, guarding these rivers like doors.

Therefore, the names of Humen, Jiaomen, Hongqimen, Hengmen and Modaomen all bear the word "door".

Guangdong

Guangdong Province, referred to as Guangdong for short, is a province on the south coast of China and Chinese mainland. Guangdong is located in the south of Nanling and on the coast of the South China Sea. Bordering Hong Kong, Macao, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi and Fujian; Across the sea from Hainan. Guangzhou, the provincial capital. Guangdong has its own unique features in language, customs, history and culture, which is quite different from northern China. In recent years, Guangdong has also become one of the most economically developed provinces in China.

history

Before the Qin Dynasty, Guangdong was a place where Yue people lived together, called Baiyue Land, not a foreign land. The pavilion built in Zhou Yiwang in eight years has become the center of Guangdong. After Qin Shihuang unified Lingnan in 33 years, he built a county, and Guangdong belonged to Nanhai County. In the early Han Dynasty, Zhao Tuo was called Nanyue State according to the three counties of Lingnan, with Panyu as its capital, which is now Guangzhou. Guangdong became the center of the South Vietnamese regime. Ding Yuan, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, returned to Nanhai County in the sixth year of Pingnan Vietnam. Yuanfeng was turned over to the state in five years.

Three Kingdoms to Sui and Tang Dynasties

In the five years of the Three Kingdoms, it was included in the northern part of Hepu, which is now the Guangdong area, called Guangzhou. Gold and the southern and northern dynasties. During the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, Nanhai County was abolished and set up in Guangzhou. In the first year of Renshou, in order to avoid Prince Yang Guang, he was transferred to Zhou Fan. Great cause of three years to Nanhai County, belonging to Zhou Fan. Tang Wude returned to Guangzhou in four years, first as the governor's office and then as the governor's office. In the first year of Zhenguan, Lingnan Road was established. In the first year of Gan Yuan, the Lingnan Road Messenger was stopped, and the Lingnan Festival Messenger was established, which only governed the present Guangdong area. In three years, Xian Tong Lingnan was divided into two roads, East and West, and now Guangdong belongs to Lingnan East Road.

Five Dynasties, Song and Yuan Dynasties

At the end of the Tang Dynasty, princes rose, established the Southern Han Kingdom in Lingnan and abolished Lingnan Road. Guangdong became the center of the Southern Han regime and was directly under the jurisdiction of the Southern Han court. In the fourth year of Song Taizu Kaibao, Pingnan Han abolished the organizational system and rebuilt Lingnan Road. Guangnan East Road was built in Songzhi Road for three years, which is the source of the name of Guangdong Province today. In the fifteenth year of Yuan Dynasty, Jiangxi was the province of Zhongshu and Guangdong was the ambassador.

Ming and Qing dynasties to modern times

In May of the second year of Ming Hongwu, Guangdong Province was changed to Guangdong Province. In July of Hongwu's ninth year, Guangdong Province was appointed as the secretary of Guangdong Province, which was called Guangdong Province in history. The Qing dynasty was Guangdong province, which was under the jurisdiction of the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. 191111On October 9, Guangdong Province declared its independence, established an army and became the jurisdiction of the Republic of China. 1965438+July 6, 2006 changed to literati * * *. Later, it became the base camp of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's anti-Beiyang movement many times. 1926165438+1October 10 province * * * changed its name to provincial citizen * * *. During Chen's reign (1929-1936), Guangdong made remarkable progress in economy, culture, transportation and urban construction. 1938101October 2 1 August 945 15 parts (including Guangzhou, Foshan, Zhongshan, Jiangmen, Dongguan, Baoan and Huizhou) fell into the hands of the Japanese army. 1950 On June 27th, China people * * * captured Wanshan Islands in Zhuhai, and the whole province was liberated.

After the liberation of Guangdong, the province adopted the national * * * system in its early years, but the national * * * was changed to the provincial people * * *. 1968 February 2 1, renamed Guangdong Revolutionary Committee. 1979 reverted to provincial people.

After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), the administrative regions of Guangdong were adjusted, including Huaiji being transferred from Guangxi to Guangdong, Qinzhou, Fangchenggang and Beihai being transferred from Guangdong to Guangxi, and Hainan being established as an independent province.

geographical position

Guangdong's neighboring provinces are Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Hainan, Macao and Hong Kong. It is located in the south of China, with Nanling Mountains in the north, Wuyishan Mountains in the northeast and the South China Sea in the south, with a coastline of 3,368 kilometers (excluding the island coastline). The whole terrain is high in the north and low in the south, with mountains in the north, northeast and west. The central and southern coastal areas are mostly low hills, platforms or plains, with mountains and hills accounting for about 62% and platforms and plains accounting for about 38%. The main mountain ranges are Lianhua Mountain, Luofu Mountain, Jiulian Mountain, Qingyun Mountain, Huashi Mountain, Tianlu Mountain, Wuyun Mountain and Yunkai Mountain, mostly running from northeast to southwest and parallel to the coastline. There are 640 major rivers and tributaries with a drainage area of 100 square kilometers, belonging to the Pearl River and coastal water systems, mainly including Dongjiang, Beijiang, Xijiang and Hanjiang. The average annual precipitation in China is 1774 mm.

Resources and products

The total land area of Guangdong Province is 4.34 million hectares of suitable agricultural land and suitable forest land 1 1 10,000 hectares. Guangdong is rich in water resources, with annual precipitation of 3 194 billion cubic meters, river runoff of181900 million cubic meters, and passenger flow of Xijiang, Hanjiang and other neighboring provinces of 233 billion cubic meters. In addition, the deep groundwater is 6 billion cubic meters, and the per capita exploitable water resources are 4,735 cubic meters, which is higher than the national average. Guangdong is the hometown of rare metals and non-ferrous metals, with 1 16 minerals discovered and 88 proven reserves. Among them, the reserves of kaolin, peat, coal gangue for metallurgy, trachyte for cement, germanium and tellurium rank first in China, while silver, lead, bismuth, thallium, uranium, monazite, xenotime, glass sand, oil shale, decorative marble and diabase rank second. There are many kinds of animals and plants in Guangdong. There are 2 species of Alsophila spinulosa and Cryptomeria fortunei under national 1 class protection, and 24 species of Taxodium distichum, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, litchi and ornamental trees under secondary protection. In addition, bananas, lychees, longan and pineapple are four famous fruits in Lingnan, with high economic value. There are 22 species of animals listed in the national 1 class protection, such as South China tiger, clouded leopard, bear monkey and Chinese white dolphin, and 95 species listed in the second-class protection, such as golden cat, water deer, pangolin, macaque and silver pheasant. Guangdong is rich in marine resources. The annual output of marine aquatic products such as offshore and offshore fishing, fish culture in seawater cages and coastal aquaculture reached 3.74 million tons; The cultivable area is 775,700 hectares, and the actual cultivable area is 208,200 hectares. The output of cultured pearls in Leizhou Peninsula ranks first in China.

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B] nations and ethnic groups

In ancient times, Guangdong was a land of hundreds of leaps and bounds, and its ethnic composition was complex and diverse. With the continuous migration of the Han nationality to the south and the continuous integration of ethnic groups in history, the Han nationality in Guangdong accounts for the vast majority, and ethnic minorities include Yao, Zhuang, Miao, Li and She.

Three major ethnic groups in Guangdong

The three major ethnic groups in Guangdong refer to Guangfu people, Hakkas and Chaoshan people among the Han people in Guangdong, who account for the majority of the Han people in Guangdong. The formation of the three ethnic groups is inseparable from the fact that their ancestors successively entered Guangdong, used different dialects and had different customs. There have been contradictions among the three major ethnic groups in history, but today all ethnic groups live in harmony, while maintaining their own characteristics, they also influence each other and merge.

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B] language

Guangdong local Chinese includes Cantonese, Hakka, Chaoshan, Leizhou and Shaozhou dialects, among which, except for the local dialect, the rest belong to Cantonese, Hakka and Min among the seven major Chinese dialects. The native speakers of these three dialects account for about 45%, 30% and 25% of Guangdong natives respectively. Guangdong Cantonese and Meixian Dialect are the representative sounds of Chinese Cantonese and Chinese Hakka respectively.

In addition, Mandarin, local minority languages and provincial dialects are also popular in Guangdong.

culture

Guangdong has a long history and unique culture. Guangdong Cantonese cuisine is famous all over the country, and Hakka enclosed houses are considered as the representative buildings of China immigrant culture.

Overseas Chinese population

At the end of 2004, the resident population of Guangdong Province was 83.0372 million, an increase of 3.495 million over the previous year. There are nearly 30 million overseas Chinese in Guangdong and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, including 20 million overseas Chinese, 6 million compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao and 4 million compatriots from Taiwan Province Province, covering more than 0/00 countries and regions in the world.

Ethnic religion

Guangdong is a province with complete ethnic composition, and its residents belong to 56 ethnic groups. The population of Han nationality is more than 8 1 10,000, accounting for 98.5% of the total population in the province. The population of ethnic minorities is 6.5438+0.27 million. The main religions in Guangdong are Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity, Catholicism and Christianity, and there are seven religious groups in the province.

education

Guangdong people attach importance to education, and Xingning and other places are "the hometown of academicians". Guangzhou is one of the most densely populated cities in China. Well-known universities include Sun Yat-sen University and South China University of Technology. Look at the list of universities in Guangdong.

environment quality

In 2004, the air quality of most cities in the province maintained the national second-class standard; The water quality of Dongjiang River, Xijiang River, Beijiang River, Hanjiang River, Yang Mo River, Tanjiang River and the Pearl River Delta maintained a good level, with Class II and III water quality as the main ones. The water quality of drinking water sources and coastal waters in most cities is good. The quality of urban acoustic environment and radiation environment in the province remained stable. 2 1 9 cities in prefecture-level cities have reached the national second-class standard (residential standard), of which Shanwei, Heyuan and Yangjiang have reached the first-class standard, while Guangzhou and Shaoguan have exceeded the second-class standard. Urban precipitation in the province is highly acidic, with an average pH of 4.7 1 and a frequency of acid rain of 54.5%, and acid rain pollution is still serious. The annual average pH value of urban precipitation ranges from 3.80 (Shaoguan) to 6.88 (Yunfu). There are 15 cities with annual average pH value of urban precipitation less than 5.6, and 19 cities with acid rain. Eight cities in Guangzhou, Shaoguan, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Foshan, Maoming, Qingyuan and Dongguan are in severe acid rain areas.