Spring ploughing in Helan immigrant village, Ningxia

I am Zhang Xu Chinese, and I want to discuss the essence of the problem with you!

First of all, I need to make it clear that I am a retired Chinese teacher at Huimin Middle School in Xiji County.

Secondly, it should be emphasized that people there are not called mountain people, nor have they been called that since ancient times.

Thirdly, Xiji County currently has 496,000 people and 288,000 Hui people, accounting for 58%, making it the largest county in Ningxia.

Fourthly, Xihaigu is a typical hilly landform on the Loess Plateau, which is no different from all people living on the Loess Plateau.

Fifth, at present, in Xiji County, every village has hardened asphalt or cement roads except expressways.

Sixth, 74,000 households and 365,438+6,000 rural people in 295 administrative villages in Xiji County 19 townships drank tap water, and the rural tap water penetration rate reached 99.9%.

Seventh, farmers in Xiji County all live in red brick and red tile houses, and there is no adobe house.

Eighth, more than 1 000 students in Xiji County are admitted to one book and two books every year.

In short, under the care of the party and the state, Xiji County is undergoing tremendous changes, and I believe the future will be better.

Shan Hai Qing tells the story that a developed eastern province helped a backward western province Ningxia, and Ningmin Town was developed and built on the Gobi Desert at the foot of Helan Mountain in Yongning County, southwest of Yinchuan City.

Xihaigu in the story is one of the three famous poor western regions in China (Hexi in Gansu, Dingxi in Ningxia and Xihaigu). At that time, it belonged to Guyuan area, which governed Guyuan County, Xiji County, Haiyuan County, Longde County, Jingyuan County and Pengyang County. Located in the hinterland of the Loess Plateau, the loess hills and gullies are criss-crossed, with serious soil erosion. The average annual precipitation is less than 300 mm to 600 mm, and there are spring droughts every year.

In the 1990s, there were more than 8 million mu of dry land in China, accounting for nearly 90% of the agricultural population and more than 70% of the Hui population. Due to the harsh ecological environment, drought has restricted the development of agricultural production. The main local crops are mainly wheat and potatoes, and the level of agricultural productivity is low. It is difficult for people to use water for production and life, and it is all solved by natural precipitation accumulation.

Under this background, with the support of national policies, Fujian and Ningxia cooperated to develop and build a relocation area for immigrants from different places near Yuquanying Farm in Yongning County. At first, it was called Ningmin Village, and the surrounding villages included Yuhai Village and Yuanlong Village. Because the foreign population mainly came from Xiji County, it was an agency of Xiji County at that time, and all the managers were sent by Xiji County and directly led by Xiji County. This is also the first common ex-situ migration in Ningxia.

After entering the 2 1 century, with the local economic and social development and management requirements, all immigrant villages are classified as territorial management. Ningmin village was also placed under the management of Yongning county without exception, and the population and social structure changed greatly in the early stage, and then Ningmin town was added. Of course, in this development process, Fujian and Ningxia have invested a lot of money, material resources and manpower, and now they have become the most dynamic towns in Yongning County.

In the original Xihaigu, with the support of the national policy of returning farmland to forest and grassland, all the slopes above 25 degrees were returned to grassland, and the villagers in the most unsuitable residential areas in the depths of the mountains basically moved to all parts of the Yellow River irrigation area by relocation or immigration. Ningxia Autonomous Region is an immigrant evacuation area. Ecological restoration and management are carried out through ecological management projects. With the popularization of returning farmland to grassland and dry farming technology, the past sloping farmland has been developed and improved into horizontal terraces, and the dry farming technology of moisture conservation and rainwater harvesting has been widely promoted and applied. Today, the agriculture here has undergone earth-shaking diversification compared with 30 years ago. Beef cattle breeding, cold dishes, miscellaneous grains and potatoes are the leading industries here. In 2020, the per capita income of farmers in Xihaigu area will increase by nearly 10 percentage point compared with the previous year, and Xihaigu area has realized the transformation from poverty to ecological development. From June 5438 to February 2020, Ningxia announced that Xiji County, the last poverty-stricken county, had been lifted out of poverty as scheduled.

202 1 As the first year of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, Xihaigu area in Ningxia will surely create more brilliant achievements on the road to a well-off society with the hard work of nearly two million sons and daughters of all ethnic groups.

Of course, I just haven't moved out as a "mountain dweller". I wonder if this "mountain dweller" has any special meaning. The national policy is to bring the extremely poor villagers into the relocation (poverty alleviation immigrants) and move to the plain area with good conditions (Gobi Desert). Of course, even the best conditions are not for outsiders, and they have long been occupied by local aborigines.

1999 After graduating from technical secondary school, I returned to Baicha Village, Pengyang County, Guyuan City, and became an out-and-out "rural person" with an urban hukou. Thanks to the Party, we have an asphalt road leading to the county seat, and it only takes ten minutes to get to Pengyang County.

Married in recent years, and had two sons. Because of the poor teaching quality in the village, I asked someone to transfer both boys to the primary school in the county. Because I have an urban hukou, I applied for low-rent housing in the county. My father usually watches two children go to school in the county. My husband and wife farm in their hometown.

Although it is in the mountains, in recent years, returning farmland to forests, the vegetation has recovered particularly well, and the mountains are all green. When peach blossoms and apricot blossoms are in full bloom, the fragrance is everywhere. The Pengyang county government also launched the "Mountain Flower Festival" according to local conditions. The climate has changed, and there is more rain, which has changed the previous food dependence on the weather and improved the harvest. "Changing a slope into a ladder" has turned the original cultivated land into a plain, and large harvesters can also play a role.

This was unimaginable ten years ago, but life is getting better and better.

In the southern mountainous areas of Ningxia, Jingyuan County, Pengyang County, Xiji County and Haiyuan County are all located in mountainous areas. They depend on the weather for their food, and there are no trees, no water sources and poor natural conditions such as grasslands. They need to move to Sichuan where the Yellow River can be irrigated, but the relocation place is also very bitter. There are yellow sand everywhere, no trees and no irrigation canals. The land needs to be raised slowly. Work in several industrial areas near the autonomous region, which are basically heavy industry and energy consumption pollution. In fact, the state has tried its best to help people get rich. Resettlement is a major event. There will be a steady stream of mountain population moving to Ningbei. After all, there is water to irrigate the land, which is convenient for work. Compared with mountains, life will go up a step! !

Of course there are many. I teach in Xiji County, Ningxia. There are still many people who have not moved. With the help of the national poverty alleviation policy, people's lives here are getting better and better. Many families raise cattle and sheep to increase their income, and all corn stalks are broken into feed.

There are still many. The previous relocation was mainly aimed at the harsh geographical environment, and there were also dangerous houses and kilns that were not suitable for survival. However, there are still many families whose houses in the mountains are empty after urbanization. Most of them are in the city, and some young people go out to work, leaving the elderly at home. Those who are particularly difficult and in urgent need of relocation have basically moved, and the rest are getting better and better with the help of poverty alleviation policies. Ningxia has a small place and a small population, so it is relatively easy to implement policies.

If you think people live in the mountains, let me answer you. Even those who haven't moved out have been lifted out of poverty, and under the leadership of the China * * * production party, their living standards are getting better and better.

Yes, people scattered in the mountains will be moved to the nearby township government (still in the mountains), or people in the mountains will be moved to Sichuan (that is, there is a very evenly divided valley between the two mountains), and the accommodation will be relatively concentrated, and then a better house will be built, and the overall planning will be connected with water.

Yes, but at first, it was moved to roads, water conservancy and geological disasters with particularly poor conditions, and then moved to the Three-North Shelterbelt, and then labor migration. It is almost impossible to move now, and the living conditions of people who have not moved are getting better and better, and roads and water are accessible.

Of course there is!

First, the TV series Ning Min Town. This TV series tells the story that people of all ethnic groups in Xihaigu, Ningxia Autonomous Region, China, received counterpart support from Fujian Province in the 1990s. Under the leadership of the party and the government, they actively responded to the national poverty alleviation policy, and built a "dry beach" that cherished the sun and lost the stone into a "golden beach" with an inch of land and gold.

Followed by Xi Gu Hai. Xihaigu is not a standard administrative region, but refers to the southern part of Ningxia Autonomous Region, including Xiji County, Haiyuan County, Guyuan County, Jingyuan County, Longde County, Pengyang County and some areas of Tongxin County in Guyuan area. It has been identified by the United Nations Food Development Agency as one of the most unsuitable areas for human survival.

Located in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau, it is characterized by high mountains, steep slopes and little rain. It is said that until the 1970s, 70% of people here were still hungry and clothed, and people and animals drank bitter salt water.

Let's talk about the changes in Xihaigu. The poverty of Xihaigu is not only because of the barren land, but also because of its isolation, primitive production mode and backward science and technology culture. However, one of the most important problems is difficulty in drinking water. Due to the scarcity of rain, local ecological resources are fragile, soil erosion is serious, and extreme climate is increasing day by day.

Therefore, the state and the government focus on changing the local ecological environment, taking a multi-pronged approach and taking multiple measures to change the local poverty situation.

First, vigorously develop and construct the water diversion project for poverty alleviation in Xihaigu area, fundamentally solve the serious water shortage problem in the area and ensure the water demand for poverty alleviation and development. The second is to implement large-scale migration. For areas that lack water sources and cannot solve water problems, the whole village should be relocated. Third, combining ecological means, labor export, investment in science and technology, traffic development and other methods, the poverty situation in Xihaigu area has been completely improved.

Finally, today's Xihaigu area. It has been made clear above that it is not a standard administrative region. Its original six counties are still in the original site, and Xihaigu is still inhabited by a large number of hardworking and simple people of all ethnic groups. Relocation, resettlement, the vast majority of residents in these three counties still live in their original places, but they have temporarily left because of immigration compared with individual or some areas with very bad environment.

However, after decades of afforestation and ecological migration by local people of all ethnic groups, the ecological environment has also changed in recent years. In those areas where nothing grows, the ecological environment has also developed well and become greener. However, the greenery brought by contiguous terraces has disappeared.

I am honored to ride the Red Army Long March Road with three other Xinjiang riders in the spring and summer of 20 19. We entered Ningxia from Jingning County, Gansu Province. The first stop was Longde County, the second stop was Pengyang County, and the third stop was Guyuan County. It can be said that we basically passed through the Xihaigu area described in the TV series Ning Min Town.

Our important cycling activity in Ningxia is to visit the former site where the Red Army crossed Liupan Mountain. Liupanshan is a very high mountain, which spans the Xihaigu area. It is the last mountain that the Red Army climbed when it entered the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia base area. Of course, the roads in mountainous areas are not what they used to be, and they are beautifully repaired. But because of the high altitude, we cyclists have a hard time riding, and we are exhausted after many tunnels. However, when the Red Army crossed the site of Liupan Mountain and made a tour, when we felt the magnificence of Chairman Mao's "Qingpingle Liupan Mountain" and the joy and tears of the Red Army soldiers "climbing the peak of Liupan Mountain, the red flag curled up in the west wind", all the tiredness and bitterness vanished.

Riding a bicycle through the three counties in Xihaigu area, I saw not only the clean streets of the county, but also the flowers and trees everywhere, which didn't feel desolate at all. Local mutton offal soup, local prickly heat, local fried noodles, local bean jelly, etc. Let's shout, or swallow after aftertaste. There are villagers in the fields from time to time. Some of them are harvesting and some are sowing, just like the south where birds are singing and flowers are fragrant.