Chinese corporate culture in the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s and 1980s

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The Foundation of Chinese Corporate Culture Author: Wu Tian September 03, 2006 12:14

P.M. Whether you realize it or not, culture is everywhere It has a potential impact on politics, economy, society and life at all times, and plays a role that cannot be ignored. By elaborating on the basic connotation of corporate culture, the importance of corporate culture, especially the foundation of corporate culture, this article attempts to make people recognize, recognize, and then pay attention to the construction of corporate culture, making it clear that only by inheriting and carrying forward the excellence of the Chinese nation Traditional culture, absorbing and learning from advanced human culture, can establish an excellent Chinese corporate culture. Based on this, a relatively complete socialist market economic system can be established to achieve the goals of developing enterprises, enriching the people, and strengthening the country.

1. The basic connotation of corporate culture

Culture, in a broad sense, is the sum of the material and spiritual productivity and creation of human beings in the process of social practice. . In a narrow sense, it refers to human spiritual productivity and spiritual products, including all forms of social consciousness: such as natural science, technical science, and social ideology. As a historical phenomenon, the development of culture has historical inheritance; as a social ideology, culture is a reflection of the politics and economy of a certain society, and at the same time it has a huge impact on the politics and economy of a certain society.

Corporate culture refers to the cultural concepts, cultural forms and behavioral patterns with the characteristics of the enterprise formed in the material production process under certain social and historical conditions, as well as the corresponding systems and organizational structures. It embodies the value principles, business philosophy, behavioral norms, common beliefs and cohesion of the enterprise and its members. Corporate culture is a concrete manifestation of national culture. It is subordinate to national culture and is determined by national culture. As a new social phenomenon, corporate culture has been recognized and valued by people, and is breaking through national boundaries and rising around the world, becoming an important symbol of corporate reform, economic development and social progress in the new century.

Corporate culture theory absorbs the essence of behavioral science, public relations, decision-making science, management, philosophy, ethics and economics and other disciplines. Its main content is the relationship between rationality and science. It is developed on the basis of practice, including: corporate philosophy, corporate values, corporate spirit, corporate ethics, corporate goals, corporate systems, corporate innovation, corporate image, corporate environment and corporate cultural activities, etc. The essence of corporate culture is a kind of business management thought that is people-centered, uses cultural guidance as a means, and aims to stimulate the conscious behavior of employees. The fundamental task of corporate culture is to value people, trust people, understand people, mobilize people, guide people, educate people, cultivate people and shape people. The dialectics of corporate culture

comes from society and contributes to society. Corporate culture is like an invisible hand, which often plays an important guiding role in the operation and management of enterprises consciously and unconsciously.

2. Establishing an excellent corporate culture is an inevitable requirement in the new century

——The knowledge economy has opened the door to the 21st century and will rapidly innovate human thinking. A profound revolution in the way we work, work and live. However, the huge power of the knowledge economy can only be fully exerted in enterprises that have excellent corporate culture and can integrate with society. The emergence of "knowledge workers" and "knowledge workers" shows the special status, important role and great value of corporate culture in enterprises in the 21st century.

——The trend of economic globalization has become more and more obvious. Competition in the 21st century will be intensified due to economic globalization. Super strong competition in the world economy will have a great impact on the business ideas, values, and concepts of enterprises. Ideology and morality, system construction and behavioral norms will all be a severe test. Therefore, governments and enterprises in many countries have adjusted their development strategies to adapt to the impending economic wave of globalization. If an enterprise wants to survive and make a difference in economic globalization, it will be difficult to occupy a place in the world's largest market without an excellent corporate culture.

——Enterprise competition is embodied in the competition of products. Behind the product competition is actually the competition of corporate culture. The entity of corporate culture competition is the company's high-quality workforce. The high-quality corporate workforce comes from a relatively complete corporate employment mechanism and a good corporate employment environment. The development of a country cannot be separated from the country's culture, and the development of an enterprise cannot be separated from the culture of the enterprise. Establishing a new century corporate culture is the fundamental guarantee for creating a harmonious corporate atmosphere and an excellent corporate environment, so that enterprises can develop stably and healthily in the face of the opportunities and challenges of the new century.

——Half a century of world economic development practice shows that successful companies are always closely linked to successful corporate culture, and excellent companies all have excellent corporate cultures.

The 1950s was a period of development of decentralized management, the 1960s was a period of development and management of multinational corporations, the 1970s was a period of matrix organization and strategic management, the 1980s was a period of the rise and spread of corporate culture, and the 1990s was a period of global expansion of corporate culture. development period. In the 21st century, although the nature, foundation, current situation and environment of enterprises in various countries and regions around the world are different, the problems faced by enterprises in their development, the dilemmas they find themselves in, and the ways to find ways out and solve problems seem to be the same. The same thing is to establish a new century corporate culture.

——In the 21st century, global informatization, mergers of multinational companies, and strong alliances between enterprises, especially China's accession to the WTO, will have a huge impact on Chinese enterprises. Whether Chinese companies can quickly change their concepts and mechanisms in the face of opportunities and challenges depends critically on corporate culture. Therefore, the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China determined the strategic position of corporate culture construction. It is clearly pointed out: Culture with Chinese characteristics is an important force that unites and inspires people of all ethnic groups in the country, and is an important symbol of comprehensive national strength. It is necessary to create a good cultural environment, form common ideals and spiritual pillars in the whole society, and achieve coordinated development of economy, politics and culture. The construction of Chinese corporate culture, as an important part of the construction of socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, has a more important position, a more prominent role, and a more significant significance than the long-term development of economy, politics, and culture.

3. The foundation of Chinese corporate culture

A tree cannot survive without roots, and corporate culture cannot be established without roots. Corporate culture is a concrete manifestation of national culture and is determined by national culture. The Chinese nation has a history of five thousand years of civilization and excellent national culture, the most representative of which is Confucian culture. Confucian culture not only played an important role in the development history of the Chinese nation, but also had a huge impact on the politics, economy, culture, and society of many countries and regions in the world. The economic and social development of Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan and other countries and regions all benefit from Confucian culture.

American scholar Professor Peter Berg believes: "Confucian culture shows economic power. Chinese immigrants are very successful all over the world, especially in Southeast Asia, which is an example." Those who are more influenced by Confucian culture The deep ones are Japan and South Korea. In Japan, the favorite book for entrepreneurs to read is "The Analects of Confucius plus Abacus" (also known as "The Integration of Morality and Economics" or "The Analects of Practice"), which is regarded as "the book of wealth and economic development". The author of the book, Shibusawa Ei, founded more than 500 companies in his life and is revered as the "Father of Japanese Industry." He said: "Although my business is full of hardships and bleakness, because I always follow the teachings of Confucius and the purpose of the Analects, the business has been successful." At present, many entrepreneurs in Japan regard "The Analects of Confucius" as a guide. As the "Bible" of Japanese industrial and commercial enterprises, the ideas contained in it are regarded as the fundamental principles of enterprise management. Panasonic Electric Co., Ltd. still uses Confucian classics as teaching materials for business ethics courses in its business cadre schools. South Korea has been influenced by Chinese traditional culture since ancient times. It is currently the only country in the world that truly worships Confucius. Every spring and autumn, South Korea holds a ceremony to commemorate Confucius at Daeseongjeon in Sungkyunkwan, and the government sends senior officials to attend. Professor Ahn Byung-joo of Sungkyunkwan University in South Korea believes that Confucianism has played a role in promoting South Korea's modernization and economic development. He said: "Confucianism can play a regulatory role in preventing selfish desires, egoism and other bad tendencies that arise in the development of modernization, as well as the degeneration of social thoughts. Because in terms of values, Confucian culture advocates the spirit of sacrifice for others and selflessness, which is widely accepted. The traditional ideas of respect and praise are not found in the West.” In January 1988, Nobel Prize winners from all over the world held a meeting in Paris, France. In the declaration issued at the end of the meeting, it was pointed out: "If mankind wants to survive in the 21st century, it must go back 2,500 years ago to absorb the wisdom of Confucius." At present, the West attaches great importance to Eastern culture and believes that the 21st century is the Eastern century of culture.

Ordinarily, the Chinese nation has excellent traditional culture, and based on this, our economy and society should develop better, but why are we lagging behind? This is precisely because we have deviated from or even abandoned our excellent traditional culture!

Looking back at history, Eastern culture is far earlier than Western culture and is greatly superior to Western culture. The representative of Eastern culture is Confucianism. In China, the Confucian class emerged as early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties. In the pre-Qin period, Confucianism became a prominent school and formed a huge Confucian school. Starting from the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty implemented the policy of "deposing hundreds of schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone". Confucianism achieved the status of "exclusive respect" and became an "official school". It has long been the ruling ideology of China's feudal society and has been widely spread in Asia. Some countries have formed a "Confucian cultural circle", making Confucianism a worldwide ideological, academic and cultural school. Especially since the Song and Ming dynasties, with Confucianism as the core and the confluence of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, Confucianism has developed greatly. Under the influence and influence of Confucianism, ancient China was far ahead in the world. As early as when Western missionaries spread their half-understood knowledge of Asia from the Far East to the West, Westerners had a sense of wonder, mystery, and awe toward the Eastern world that was different from the sense of wonder, mystery, and awe they had toward the indigenous cultures of the New World. The civilization reached by China's feudal society after full development was far higher than the medieval civilization of Europe.

Eastern culture unexpectedly reached a height that made Easterners feel intoxicated and amazed. So much so that during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the rulers began to be arrogant, closed the country, and implemented high-pressure policies to confine their thoughts and appalling literary inquisition, which made Confucianism The role of maintaining rule and maintaining people's hearts has been greatly weakened, and China's economy and society have begun to regress. Since the 15th century, Europe has created a new type of capitalist civilization through a series of social changes such as the Renaissance, the religious reform, the industrial revolution, the bourgeois revolution, and the opening up of the world market. By the middle of the 16th century, the productivity development of European countries and China was roughly at the same level. After the Opium War, China became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, with a large influx of Western learning. China's national and democratic revolutionary movements and anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggles took "the Tao of Confucius and Mencius" as the focus of the ideological revolution. The status and role of Confucianism was once again weakened. .

But the fatal catastrophe of Confucianism was the "Cultural Revolution". The 1950s to the 1970s was a period of rapid development of the world economy, and what were we doing?

In the early 1950s, when New China had just been established and was in a state of desperate need, it was involved in the Korean War. To this end, it borrowed US$1.2 billion from the former Soviet Union. By the end of the 1950s, the "Great Leap Forward" and "People's Communes" were launched, and the country suffered three years of natural disasters. By the early 1960s, the former Soviet Union forced us to repay our debts, which made our national economy even worse. By the mid-1960s, the "Cultural Revolution" was artificially launched, and it lasted for ten years, bringing our national economy almost to the brink of collapse. Others are developing rapidly, but we are regressing rapidly. Not only have we suffered huge losses economically, but the losses we have suffered culturally are even greater. During the "Cultural Revolution", the ultra-leftists destroyed the "four olds" and established the "four news". They smashed Confucius temples and criticized Confucius and Mencius. They simply destroyed the "life" of thousands of years of excellent traditional culture and abandoned it. , the belt is broken. Without the excellent traditional culture, the Chinese people are psychologically confused, their thoughts are confused, their values ??are distorted, and right and wrong are reversed. People used to be very restrained about themselves, but later they became unscrupulous. It used to be that I felt ashamed when I made some mistakes, but later it didn't matter what others said. Later, it developed to the point where he was shameless and proud of his ability to dare to commit fouls and being good at offside! Everyone is exploiting the loopholes of the state and the collective in every possible way, and trying every possible means to take advantage of the state and the collective. Anyway, I have a share of public things, and I don’t take them for free, until step by step it develops into corruption and bribery, misappropriation of state-owned assets, and corruption. The level of depravity has caused huge and irreparable losses to the country and enterprises. This is the cost and price we pay for departing from and abandoning our excellent traditional culture! Fortunately, after correcting the chaos, the Chinese people have awakened, the excellent traditional culture has been restored and inherited as it should be, "The Analects of Confucius" has been incorporated into primary school textbooks, and the country has begun to implement moral governance. The world has awakened and realized that the 21st century is the century of Eastern culture and China. Therefore, Chinese corporate culture must be based on the traditional culture of the Chinese nation - Confucian culture.