History of Radish Village

1. Who has the history of the Qiang people in Wenchuan? The two stories about the origin of the crowd, "Mujiezhu and Rebiwa" and "Battle of Strong Brothers", were originally the collective memory of a group of people: in this way, the crowd was condensed.

It is unknown how many people shared this social memory in the upper reaches of Minjiang River. However, now these stories are obviously used by Qiang intellectuals and Han scholars in Wenchuan, Maoxian and Lixian to explain the origin of Qiang or Ma.

The resulting Qiang identity is the identity of A Qiang, with the intellectuals in Wenchuan, Maoxian and Lixian as the main body. "Mujiezhu and Rebiwa" and "Qiang War", two stories about the origin of Qiang people, have not yet become the collective memory of all Qiang people including Songpan and Beichuan.

However, through the publication and circulation of various Qiang folk stories and Qiang historical and cultural books, and through school education, the Qiang identity in Qiang villages will one day become the collective memory of all Qiang people. There is a saying in Wenchuan that Geji people later fled to the northern Heishui area and became the ancestors of Heishui people.

An intellectual in Wenchuan said: 1 1. Some people there say that the Geji people are heading for Blackwater. We call Blackwater's life a generous and unreasonable person.

Qiang language is called "peeling Luo Zi", which is unreasonable. Whether it is Tibetan or Qiang, it is black water anyway.

They may be related to Tibetans. Peel, Tubo.

Because they blackwater people have been harmful to this area, to Lixian, to Weizhou and to Mianchi. Mao, Wen and Li are integrated; Further expansion is Songpan and Blackwater.

Beichuan has nothing to do with here, because the water system is different. It can be seen that in the identity system of the Qiang people in Wenchuan, the Qiang people in Maoming, Wenxian and Lixian are the core of the Qiang people, and the Heishui people are excluded.

In a broader sense of Qiang identity, Heishui talents and Songpan people are included in the Qiang nationality together. This reporter, if he doesn't exclude Beichuan people from the Qiang people, at least bless them as Mao, Wen and Li have the farthest relationship with the Qiang people.

This Qiang identity system is also reflected in another story told by Longxi people in Wenchuan: 12. How did people come from? It seems to be about two girls or something. They are married and pregnant.

I was pregnant for more than a year and gave birth to a meatball. They were at the top of the mountain, and the pimple was very fine, so they cut it into several balls and scattered it everywhere.

The next day, there was smoke everywhere, one here and one there. People have just arrived.

Later, the flood flooded people and made Jiugou Jiuzhai salty. Shibuya village has fallen from place to place, and the whole Wenchuan, Lixian and Maoxian counties have become nine ditches and nine villages.

At that time, a village was very big, including Blackwater, and this river may also include it. It can also be seen from here that the distribution of the so-called "Jiugou Jiuzhai" is still centered on Wenchuan, Maoxian and Lixian, followed by Heishui and finally the uncertain Beichuan.

Qiang nationality in Beichuan.

2. The history and present situation of the Red Army Bridge in Wenchuan. There is an ancient covered bridge with a well-preserved and unique shape at the entrance of Pingnan Qiang Township in Pingwu County. This bridge is called Qiao Song, also known as Hong Jun Bridge, which was built in the seventh year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (1857). It has a history of 100 years, and it is still playing a role today. The Red Army Bridge is a wooden structure, with a length of about10m, a width of about 3m and a height of about 8m from the river. It straddles the river and is very spectacular. There is an aisle in the middle, two rows of stigma, full of quaint atmosphere. Walking on the bridge is smooth. The ingenious use of logs and planks in the bridge body makes the bridge building concise without losing momentum. From a distance, it looks like a castle in the air, which is amazing. Whether it shows architectural features or contains historical details, the Red Army Bridge has high research value.

Mugua Bridge is also called the Red Army Bridge. Located in the southwest of wugang city 15km east of Mugua Village, Dengyuantai Town, it runs across the water. It is the main road connecting Mugua Village and Shazhouping. The date when the bridge was built is unknown. Qiaoting was built in the 50th year of Kangxi (17 1 1) and rebuilt in the 8th year of Tongzhi (1869). It is 44 meters long and 4.7 meters wide. Four piers and five arches, stacked wood on the piers and framed wood between the arches, jumped up step by step, and the slate on the wood increased the pressure, forming a 12 row of wooden corridor. There are blue brick archways at both ends of the bridge corridor, and the word "Mugua Bridge" is engraved on the threshold with mud. Door-to-door couplet regular script "Before the leaves of the wood fall into the pavilion, the international capital is in late autumn, and the night rain flies across the nursery trees;" Gua Tian is on the shore, looking at the plain grass, with clouds and smoke. "

The Red Army Bridge, formerly known as Houkeng Bridge, is a covered bridge. It is located in Houkeng Village, Zhukou Town, Qingyuan County, and was built in the tenth year of Qing Kangxi. 1934, the advance division of the Red Army led by Su Yu and Liu Ying annihilated more than 600 people in peace preservation corps, Zhejiang Province and peace preservation corps, qingyuan county Province, and killed Zhang Zhiyuan, the head of peace preservation corps, qingyuan county, and won a great victory in the Battle of Zhukou, clearing the way for the advance division to go north to resist Japan. Since then, the locals have renamed Houkeng Bridge the Red Army Bridge.

The wooden arch bridge group in Yangmeizhou Scenic Area is one of the important covered bridges. Located at the northeast of Lijiashan Village in Xixi Township 1km, it was built at 1954. March 1937 March 12, the wooden bridge was destroyed by flash floods, and the model people living in Lijiashan Village and Wei Xu were rounded up by the * * * army and vigilante groups. At this time, nine underground traffic policemen in Lijiashan rushed to make rafts overnight and rushed them across the river. 1954 Wei Xu, deputy Commissioner of Fuan District, allocated funds to build a wooden arch bridge, which was named Red Army Bridge by the people. Bridges at both ends are made of river pebbles.

It is 42.2m long and 5. 1 m wide, with an arch span of 32.6m.. North-south strike, 15 bay, 64 rows, covered with double slope top. The hole of the bridge weatherboard is in the shape of a five-pointed star. 1997, the people of Shouning county erected a stone tablet of "Red Army Bridge Monument" at the bridgehead on the north bank, and the inscription recorded the history and process of building the bridge.

Jiangyou Hong Jun Bridge is located in Qinglinkou, Jiangyou, Sichuan, more than 50 kilometers away from jiangyou city City, in the ravine at the junction of Zitong, Jiange and Jiangyou counties (cities). The source of Tongjiang River-Mage water flows through here. Historically, there were many businessmen, many halls and four temples here. Now it belongs to an office under the jurisdiction of Erlangmiao Town, Jiangyou. Although the town system no longer exists and the streets look shabby, the style of the ancient town remains the same, and the Red Army Bridge and monuments are well protected.

3. Wenchuan earthquake is the biggest earthquake in the history of China, and the biggest earthquake in the world on June 5438+February 2 1 day, 2004? So far, there is no conclusion. In human history, there have been many major earthquakes in the world: which one is the biggest? Due to the limitations of human understanding, the evaluation criteria are inconsistent and the understanding is very different. Scientists believe that the biggest earthquake is 8.9. But what about the earthquake? Opinions vary. Some people think that the earthquake that occurred in Chile 1960 in South America at 0: 00 on May 22nd was the largest, with a magnitude of 8.9. Others think it happened in the sea near the border of Ecuador and Colombia in South America 1906+3 1. The magnitude reached 8.9. Some people think that1March 3, 933, Japan's Sanlu East China Sea earthquake was the largest, with a magnitude of 8.9. But there are also different views. The Japanese themselves calculated that the earthquake in the waters near the border between Ecuador and Colombia was only 8.5. Generally speaking, it is only classified as 8.6. 1960 Chile earthquake, some people classified it as 8.5 or 8.75, and some even classified it as 8.3. It is worth pointing out that before and after the 1960 Chile earthquake, at least five major earthquakes of magnitude 7 or above occurred in a short period of one and a half days, three of which reached or exceeded.

4. Did the Red Army in Wenchuan Radish Village cross the towering Minshan Mountain in Mengbuzhai? The steep, vicissitudes and majestic Minjiang Grand Canyon is set against the sky, and the blue sky, white clouds and eagles spread their wings. A huge ancient castle covering an area of 100 hectare is like a patchwork falling from the sky, scattered among the mountains. This is Radish Village, the largest and oldest Huangni Qiang village discovered so far in the world, which is full of primitive and simple customs.

Radish Village is located in Yanmen Township, Wenchuan County, Aba Prefecture, on the platform of Gaoban Mountain on the south bank of Minjiang River. Located in the famous Jiuzhaigou scenic spot. Less than ten kilometers from Wenchuan County to Radish Village, just after turning the famous Yanmenguan, the A Qiang Tower and an ancient beacon tower standing beside the 3 17 National Road mark the entrance of Radish Village. Hovering along the Panshan Highway with a black road surface of 10 km, Suoqiao Village comes into view first, then Xiaozhaizi Village, and finally enters Radish Village.

Before the earthquake

Radish village is ice water accumulation.

Panorama of the newly built ancient villages after the earthquake

The terraced fields with gentle and wide terrain are the largest flat land in the middle of Minjiang Grand Canyon, and also the most ideal place to have a bird's-eye view of Minjiang Grand Canyon. Radish village is the largest and oldest Huangni Qiang village found in the world so far. Radish village 100 hectares of yellow land is the only ancient Qiang nationality with the largest population (more than 0/000 people in the whole village/kloc-0) and the densest housing in Minjiang River Basin.

Radish village has a long history and unique terrain. Archaeologists say that people lived in radish village as early as 3000-4000 years ago; Geologists say that this yellow land in Minjiang Grand Canyon feels like a foreign body. Folklore is more colorful and euphemistic. The four major changes in the place names of Radish Village (Radish Village was first called Fenghuang Village, then Fushun Village, then Tiger Village, and finally Radish Village, which is still in use today) witnessed the long history of Radish Village. Radish Village is located between Fengshan and Huangshan Mountain. The architectural form of the whole radish village looks like a phoenix spreading its wings. What does this have to do with the ancient village name of Radish Village? Is it related to the legend of phoenix nirvana and sunbird? We didn't.

You know what?

5. What is the history of Wenchuan since the Han Dynasty? Wenjiang, Mianchi, Wenshan and Wenchuan are all named after Minjiang River in China. According to "Yuanhe County Records", Wenchuan County was named after the western water in the county. The ancient "Wen" and "Min" were universal, so Minjiang River was also pronounced as Wenjiang.

In the year of sān (BC 1 1 1), Wenshan County was established in the land of Rangui, which governed five counties, such as Mianchi, and Mianchi was the county. The former site of the county was now Jiangjun City, Weizhou Town. Mianchi County in the Eastern Han Dynasty was changed to Mianchi Road, and Mianchi County in the Western Jin Dynasty was changed to Wenchuan County. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, overseas Chinese in Wenchuan moved their capital to An (now Dujiangyan City) and abandoned Mianchi County. Xiao Liang, located in Mianchi County and Wenchuan County, was a province in the Western Wei Dynasty. In the third year of North China (568), Wenchuan County was restored, and it was still governed by Jiang Weicheng. Until the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, Hanshuiyi (now the seat of Mianchi Township in Wenchuan County) was ruled.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), 1952, he moved to Fenchuan County to administer Weizhou. 1958, Wenchuan County was revoked and merged with Maoxian County and Lixian County to form Mao Wen Qiang Autonomous County. 1963 reset. At the end of 1990, the administrative system of the county was 3 towns 14 townships.

6. Wenchuan is one of the most serious earthquakes in history and the earthquake with the largest number of casualties in the world: 1556, a major earthquake occurred in Guanzhong area of China, killing more than 850,000 people and affecting 7 provinces, 21/county.

◆ The worst earthquake in the world: On February 26th, 65438, the biggest earthquake occurred in the waters near Sumatra Island in Indonesia in 40 years, which triggered a tsunami, killing nearly 250,000 people and causing tens of billions of dollars in economic losses.

◆ The earliest recorded earthquake in China: China Yaoshun era (23rd century BC), Zhou Pu (now Zhou Pu) earthquake.

◆ The earthquake that caused the biggest fire in the world: 1, the Kanto earthquake of magnitude 8.3 in September, 0923, in which 366,000 houses in Tokyo were burned, and there were many wooden houses there.140,000 people died and their whereabouts were unknown, most of them died in the fire caused by the earthquake; In Yokosuka, 35,000 houses were burned down; In Yokohama, 58,000 houses were burned down.

◆ Earthquake that caused the biggest flood in China: 1, an earthquake of magnitude 7.5 occurred in the south of Kangding, China in June, 65438. The Dadu River was cut off due to landslide, and it burst after 10, causing a catastrophic flood, resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths.

◆ The biggest earthquake in the history of the world: an earthquake with magnitude of 8.9 occurred in Chile 1960 in South America at 09: 00 on May 22nd. Since May of February1year, there have been 225 earthquakes in succession, three of which exceeded magnitude 8, and 10 exceeded magnitude 7. Its scale and energy release are rare. 654.38+0.4 million people died.

◆ The first earthquake successfully predicted in the world and achieved obvious disaster reduction effect: On February 4th, Chinese seismologists successfully predicted the Haicheng earthquake with the magnitude of 1975.

◆ Which earthquake in the world is not only the first in magnitude and rupture length, but also the most harmful earthquake and tsunami? 1960 May 22nd 19: 00, occurred in Chile, South America 1 1, with a magnitude of 8.9. The scale is about 9.5(MW), which is the largest earthquake in this century. The tsunami triggered by this earthquake once hit the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan, with a height of 6 meters, causing more than 1000 casualties or missing. The fault rupture length of this earthquake is about 1000 m, which is still the highest in the world since the instrument record.

Inventor of the world's first seismograph: The world's first seismograph (Hou Feng seismograph) was invented by Zhang Heng, a scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and recorded the Longxi earthquake in 138.

◆ The earliest self-built seismic network and seismic telemetry network in China: 1930 The first seismic station in China, Jiu Feng Seismic Station in Xishan, Beijing, was built under the auspices of Mr. Li Shanbang and Mr. Qin Xinling. 1937 The observation stopped after the Japanese invaders launched the war of aggression against China. 1966 Beijing Telemetry Network has built 8 substations.

◆ What was the most widespread earthquake in China history? The most extensive earthquake in China's history was1920+8.5 earthquake that occurred in Haiyuan, Ningxia in February 2006, with a focal depth of 17 km. The earthquake affected Ningxia, Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Sichuan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Fujian 18 provinces, cities and autonomous regions. The sensing area exceeds 2.5 million square kilometers, accounting for about a quarter of the total land area of China.

◆ What is the worst earthquake landslide in the history of China? It is a landslide caused by 1920 Haiyuan M8.5 earthquake in Ningxia. In the extreme earthquake zone, the amount of landslides caused by earthquakes is too large to be counted! Only within 65km of the periphery, the landslide area reaches 3 1 km2. There are 503 landslides in Huining, Jingning, Longde and Jingyuan counties. A landslide as long as 5500 meters has been formed in Shibeiyuan, Guyuan. In the upper reaches of Huining Xiangyi River, landslides blocked the 2500-meter-long reach of Xianghe River, forming an earthquake-stricken lake in the upper reaches.

◆ Which earthquake caused the greatest damage to the lake noise? Just like the mechanism of earthquakes and tsunamis, if an earthquake occurs at the bottom or shore of a lake, it will cause a lake roar. According to modern data, the biggest earthquake in China was the Jianchuan earthquake+19565438 with a magnitude of 6.3 on February 23rd, 2000. During the earthquake, the waves in Jianhu Lake were as high as 4-5 feet, and the maximum was 1 km.

◆ What is the biggest earthquake fire in the history of our country? Earthquake fire is one of the most important secondary disasters. According to the records, the longest extension of earthquake fire occurred in Batang 1870, 1 1 in Sichuan, with a magnitude of 7.25. During the morning 10 earthquake, residents were cooking with a fire. The earthquake caused the house to collapse, and the fire lasted for a week, which was the longest earthquake fire.

7. The historical origin of Jia Rong's Tibetans Jia Rong speaks Jia Rong dialect in Jinchuan, Xiaojin, Marcand, Lixian, Heishui and Wenchuan, as well as Ganzi, Ya 'an and Liangshan. The Tibetans who are mainly engaged in production agriculture are Jia Rong Tibetans, and the * * * in Tibetan areas is called "Rongba" (people from agricultural areas).

According to Chinese historical records, the tribes who lived and lived in the valley area in the southeast of this area in ancient times were called "Jialiangyi", "Baigou Qiang", "Green" and "Geji", and they were the indigenous ancestors of this area. After merging with Tibetan immigrants and garrison troops in the Tang Dynasty, they became Tibetans.

In Jiarong area before liberation, local officials often said that their ancestors came from * * *. Toast in Wenchuan County, Toast in Jinchuan County and Toast in Mu Ping in Baoxing County of Ya 'an District all have genealogical records that originated from * * * *. The ancestors of Zagu Tusi and Mosuo Tusi were the Tibetan general Stan Mou in the Tang Dynasty.

The History of Politics and Religion in Amdo records: "Most of the ethnic groups in the north and south of Domai are descendants of the troops of the Tubo King (according to Songzan Gambo) stationed in the Tang-Fan border ...". In the 5th-6th century, there were few households in Jiarong area, which was the period when Tsoba leaders ruled independently.

At the beginning of the 7th century, the Tubo Zanpu Songzangambu unified Tubo, and Jiarong area was also unified among Tubo, with General Zanpu as the leader of Jiarong. Jiarong area is called "Chuck" in The History of Amdo Political Education and Amdo Dialect. The reason is: "Historically, Tubo Zampa sent minister Copan to Jia Lian as a leader and military commander. His official residence is in the north of Songgang, and the Tubo royal family called him' Jia Mu Chavarun Copan' or' Chavarun Copan' in Oracle Bone Inscriptions and official documents.

Copan was a commander in chief who recruited a large number of soldiers from Zhazu, one of the four big families, and was in charge of the "Eight Western Hills" of Tubo in the Tang Dynasty. In ancient times, Qiang, Shi and Yi tribes, called Jialiangyi, Baigou Qiang, Gelin and Geji, were actually aborigines scattered in mountains and rivers.

During the ninth Tubo Zampabude Gongjia period, that is, the Shun Di period of the Eastern Han Dynasty (126), the primitive religion in Tubo region-Benbo religion was introduced into China from Tubo and gradually flourished. The introduction of Tubo culture and its influence on Jia Rong's Tibetan ancestors began in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the development of Buddhism in this state was later than that of Chisong Dêzain in the Tubo Dynasty in the 8th century. Buddhism (the early Benbo religion) gradually became the belief of all the people in the above tribes. Coupled with a large number of Tubo immigrants and military occupation and rule, after more than a thousand years of integration and assimilation, they have long-term exchanges with Tubo, thus forming today's unified Jiarong Tibetans.

8. The history of Aba Prefecture During the Warring States Period, when Songpan Road (now Songpan) was established in the Qin Dynasty in 3 16 BC, Aba Prefecture began to have an organizational system.

Wenshan County was established in the Western Han Dynasty. Jin and Sui attacked and expanded the old system. During the Tang Dynasty, there were ups and downs and frequent changes. In the Song Dynasty, Tonghua County in Maozhou and Weichuan County in Weizhou were established.

Yuan was the beginning of the toast system, with Maozhou, Weizhou and Songpanwei, which were divided into toast and ten thousand households.

Set up Maozhou, Lifan Hall, Songpan Hall and Maogong Hall.

In the early years of the Republic of China, Tingzhou was changed to a county, and then the Song Li Mao Wen Breeding Supervision Department was established, and then it was changed to the 16th Administrative Supervision District of Sichuan Province, which governed six counties, namely Songpan, Maoxian, Wenchuan, Lixian, Maogong (now Xiaojin) and Jinghua (now Jinchuan), 65 grassland departments and 20 chieftains. 165438+.

1952 Maoxian District belongs to the leadership of Sichuan Province. 1June 65438+ 1 year1October, Maoxian district was abolished and Sichuan Tibetan Autonomous Region was established.

1955 Sichuan Tibetan Autonomous Region was changed to Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

1987, Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture was renamed Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture.