Move to the moon or Mars?

In recent years, both the United States and Russia have accelerated their March to Mars. NASA even announced the timetable for exploration, landing and future migration to Mars. As a close neighbor of the earth, Mars, an orange planet outside the earth, has attracted more and more attention. Then, the solar system has eight planets and hundreds of known satellites. Why do humans fancy and favor Mars?

In fact, human beings are obsessed with landing and immigrating to Mars for a reason and a wise choice. First of all, the four outer planets of the solar system-Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune-are all woody planets, which are commonly called gaseous planets. They have no rock shell, and they are all liquid or solid hydrogen, helium, carbon dioxide and methane, which are not suitable for biological survival at all, or even difficult to stand on. Another, woody planets are all outside the solar system, far from the sun, with extremely low temperature and extremely cold. The surface temperature of Uranus is even as cold as MINUS 270 degrees, and Neptune is similar to Uranus. Even steel can freeze and crack at such a temperature, let alone a flesh-and-blood human body.

After excluding four gaseous planets, let's look at two terrestrial planets, Venus and Mercury. Water is silvery white and called mercury. It is not only without a drop of water, but also very hot and dry. Because it is closest to the sun, in order to offset the strong gravity of the sun and not be "sucked in" by the sun, Mercury will rotate rapidly, and its revolution speed is among the best among the eight planets. Such a high speed will make people dizzy. Mercury has neither water nor atmosphere. The temperature on the side facing away from the sun is as high as 427℃, and the temperature difference on the side facing away from the sun is as low as-173600, which is unbearable even for metals. Let's look at Venus again. The environment on Venus is the worst in the solar system. Venus has a strong atmosphere, but its atmospheric components are toxic gases such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. It is not only not suitable for biological respiration, but also very toxic, and it will be poisoned in one breath. In addition, although Venus is close to the Earth, the temperature is extremely high and the temperature difference is very small, hovering around 465 degrees. Due to the greenhouse effect, the surface temperature of Venus is higher than that of Mercury. At such a high temperature, human beings can't survive at all. Of course, it rains with sulfuric acid all the time on Venus, not to mention animals, even plants can't survive.

Except for Mercury and Venus, the remaining Mars is a helpless choice, the only choice and the best choice. In the solar system, no planet is more suitable for human survival than Mars. Some people will say Titan, that is, Titan, but Titan is too far away from the earth, and there are many unknown factors. Voyager 1 explored it only cursorily, only knowing that it had a thick atmosphere and knew nothing about what was below it. On the other hand, Mars is a neighbor to the right of the earth. So far, the situation on Mars has been almost understood, and the "Curiosity" rover has also landed on it. The landform, environment and climate on Mars are well known to everyone on earth. Therefore, if the earth wants to emigrate, Mars is the best choice.

Simply put, Mars is a little smaller than the Earth and a little farther from the sun than the Earth. On Mars, the rotation of the sun and the moon, sunrise and sunset, the length of each day and the number of days in each year are all similar to those of the earth. Except that it is a little colder than the earth, Mars is no different from the earth in other respects, except, of course, the air. Studies have found that there is also air on Mars, but it is relatively thin. Mars also has a magnetic field and four seasons. Mars also has two satellites Phobos and Phobos. In addition, Mars is not very dry, and its polar regions contain a lot of ice, which is very important for human beings. In a word, Mars is very similar to the Earth, and is its sister star. It is the closest planet to the earth (equivalent to Venus). The climate on Mars is stable, the temperature difference between day and night is small, there is a certain gravity and magnetic field, and the inclination angle, speed and period of rotation are similar to those of the Earth. This is an ideal home for future immigrants.

So far, four probes have visited Mars, and they are all orbiting it. There are many rovers and landers on the surface of Mars, such as Curiosity, Insight, Mars Pathfinder, Phoenix, Spirit and Opportunity. At present, it is not a technical problem for humans to land on Mars, and future immigration is just around the corner.

So, here's a question? Isn't the moon closer to the earth? And humans set foot on the moon decades ago, so why didn't human immigrants choose the moon? Why go further and further and choose Mars?

To put it bluntly, it is the question of who is more suitable for human survival, Mars or the moon. It is true that the moon is closer to the earth. It is a satellite of the earth. It is only 380,000 kilometers away from the Earth and less than 55 million kilometers away from Mars (this is the closest distance between the two, and the farthest distance is over 400 million kilometers). The moon was landed by American astronauts in 1969, and the situation is familiar. But is that enough? Obviously not enough. that this is not the important question. Compared with Mars, the moon has the following differences, and these differences are precisely the necessary factors for human survival.

First of all, Mars is a planet and the moon is a satellite. They are very different. The natural environment on Mars is very similar to that on Earth. There is an atmosphere on Mars. Although the concentration is less than 1% of the earth's, it is true. There is no atmosphere on the moon at all. There is gravity on Mars, and the gravity on the moon is only one-sixth that of the earth. A day on Mars is slightly longer than a day on Earth, and a day on the moon is equal to 28 Earth days. Who can get used to living a month, a day, a month and a night?

Secondly, the temperature on Mars is between-10 and -50, which is colder than the earth, but still within the tolerable range. On the other hand, the moon is a world of ice and fire. It is hot during the day and freezing at night, which makes it difficult for human beings to adapt. There is no atmospheric barrier on the moon. During the day, the sun shines directly on the surface of the moon, and the temperature will be as high as 140 degrees. Harmful radiation such as ultraviolet rays is very dangerous. On the other hand, the night on the moon is as cold as-180 degrees, while the extreme low temperature that the human body can tolerate is -80 degrees. A day on the moon is 672 hours long. Who can get used to it?

Third, the influence of gravity on life is very important. Although the gravity on Mars is not as great as that on Earth (the gravity of the Earth is 2.6 times that of Mars), it is much larger than that on the Moon and 2.4 times that of Mars. Long-term low gravity environment will cause cerebral hemorrhage and osteoporosis, which will seriously affect human health. On Mars, the sky is gray, but there is still a "sky" after all. It is always dark and creepy to see the sky on the moon.

Compare it twice, and you can see at a glance which is better or worse. From several crucial aspects, Mars is obviously superior to the moon! In the future, Mars is the best choice for earth migration, and the moon is not considered. Of course, the moon is not without advantages. Its greatest advantage is that it is closer to the earth. If you immigrate, you can save a lot of time on the road. However, many immigrants live in the land for a long time. The first factor to consider is whether it is suitable for human survival. Mars is superior to the moon in atmosphere, gravity, temperature, water and revolution and rotation period. One more thing: the landform on Mars is very similar to that of the earth, with mountains, ditches and stones, while the moon is desolate, with nothing but thick lunar soil. Mars is a star and the moon is a ball. Mars is a planet and the moon is a satellite. The height of the moon is lower than that of Mars. In the future, the first choice for immigrants is Mars. Even if Mars is not suitable, people will look for a suitable home, such as Titan, but the moon is very unsuitable.

Of course, at night, the moon can illuminate the earth, or how to call it the moon! In fact, it is not bright, and its little light is still with the help of sunlight. So, the moon is broken. No wonder Americans have never been there since they landed on the moon 52 years ago.