What are the rules of tennis?

Reference/View /3432 14.htm? Fr=ala0_ 1_ 1 service rules 1. Before serving, the server should stand in the area between the end line, the midpoint and the imaginary extension line of the sideline, throw the ball in any direction with his hand, and hit the ball with his racket before touching the ground (players who can only use one hand can throw the ball with his racket). When the racket touched the ball, it was served. 2. During the whole service, the server shall not change his original position by walking or running, and his feet are only allowed to stand in the specified position and shall not touch other areas. 3. Server position (1): At the beginning of each game, serve from the end line of the right zone first, and after winning or losing one point, serve will be changed to the left zone. (2) The service should go over the net and fall into the line around the opposite service area. 4. Missed the ball due to service error; The sent ball touches the fixture before landing (except the net, the center belt and the white cloth at the edge of the net); Violation of gas station regulations. After the server makes a mistake in serving for the first time, he should serve for the second time in the original position. 5. Invalid service. The service still falls into the opponent's service area after hitting the net; Or the catcher is not ready to catch the ball. 6. At the end of the first game of exchange service, the receiver becomes the server and the server becomes the receiver. After that, every game was over. They all took turns exchanging with each other until the game was over. [Edit this paragraph] General rules 1. Both sides of the exchange venue should exchange venues after the odd-numbered games of each set 1, 3 and 5, and when the sum of the games of both sides is odd at the end of each set. 2. In any of the following cases, the score will be cancelled. (1) The ball failed to return to the net before landing for the second time. (2) The return ball touches the ground, fixtures or other objects outside the boundary of the opponent's field. (3) Failed to return the hollow ball. (4) Deliberately touching the ball with the racket more than once. (5) When serving, the player's body and racket touch the net. (6) Hit the ball over the net. (7) Throwing and hitting the ball 3. A ball that falls on the line is counted as a foul ball. [Edit this paragraph] Doubles Rules 1. At the beginning of the first game of each set, the server decides who will serve first, and the opponent also decides who will serve first at the beginning of the second game. The third game was served by another player in the server in 1 match. The fourth game was served by another player who served in the second game. Serve in this order in the next few innings. 2. The player who receives the ball first in the service order of doubles should decide who receives the ball first at the beginning of 1 game, and continue to receive the ball first in this odd game. Both sides should also decide who will receive the service at the beginning of the second game, and continue to receive the service first in this even game. Their companions should take turns to receive services in each game. 3. After the doubles counter-serve, both sides should take turns for any player to counter-serve. If an athlete touches the ball with a racket after a teammate hits the ball, the opponent will be awarded a score. [Edit this paragraph] Scoring method 1. When winning one point meets the following conditions, the opponent will be awarded 1 point: 1. The server made two consecutive service mistakes or mistakes. 2. When the receiver hits the ball with a racket before the serve lands, or when the ball touches his body and clothes. 3. When the ball fails to return to the net before landing for the second time. 4. Touch the ground, fixtures or other objects outside the boundary of the opponent's field when hitting the ball. 5. The balloon failed to return when it was empty. 6. In the game, the batsman intentionally swats or catches the ball with the ball, or intentionally touches the ball with the racket for many times. 7. During the "live ball" period, the player's body, racket (whether held in his hand or not) or other objects he wears touch the net, net post, singles post, rope or wire rope, central belt, white cloth at the edge of the net or the ground of the opponent's court. 8. Return the air ball that didn't cross the net (hit the ball over the net). 9. In addition to the racket held in the hand (whether with one hand or both hands), the athlete's body or the object he wears touches the ball. 10, when throwing a bat. 1 1. In the competition, the players deliberately changed the shape of the racket. 2. For every game (1) won 1 scored 1 point, the one who wins 4 points first wins 1. (2) When both sides score 3 points, it is "equally divided". After equal share, the net win is divided into 1 game. 3. One set (1) wins six games first 1 set. (2) When both sides win 5 games each, one side wins 1 game, resulting in a net win of 2 games. 4. Scoring system for the deciding game When the number of games in each game is 6, there are the following two scoring systems. (1) long set system: one side wins two sets and wins 1 set. (2) Short-set system (tie-break): In addition to the deciding set, unless otherwise specified before the game, the following methods should generally be followed. A. The player who scores 7 points first wins the game and the set (if it is 6 points, one side must score 2 points). B start 1 point, the opponent will give 2 points and 3 points, and then give 2 points in turn until the end of the game. C 1 The ball serves in the right area, the second ball serves in the left area and the third ball serves in the right area. D. change venues every 6 points and the end of the deciding game. 5. After the short score (1) 1 ball (0: 0), the server A serves 1 minute, and 1 minute, change the serve. (2) No.2 and No.3 balls (reported as 1: 0 or 0: 1, not reported as 15: 0 or 0: 15) were served by B, and then they were served from the left area. (3) The 4th and 5th balls (reported at 3: 0 or 1: 2, 2: 1, not reported at 40: 0 or 15: 30, 30: 15) were served by A, and after serving twice, A changed the service from the left area. (4) The 6th and 7th balls (reported as 3: 3 or 2: 4, 4: 2 or 1: 5, 5: 1 or 6: 0, 0: 6) are served by B, and then the court is changed. If the game is not over, B will continue to serve the 7th ball. (5) When the scores reach 5: 5, 6: 6, 7: 7, 8: 8 ..., it takes two consecutive points to decide who is the winner. But on the scoreboard, it says 7: 6. (6) After the tie breaker, the Israeli players change venues. 6. The competition system will be eliminated. In a match, except for the Grand Slam and some Masters Series finals, the men's match adopts the best of five sets and the best of three sets. All women's competitions adopt the best of three sets system. [Edit this paragraph] field rule 1. The stadium should be a rectangle, 78 feet (23.77 meters) long and 27 feet (8.23 meters) wide. The middle is separated by a net hung on a rope or wire rope, and the maximum diameter is 1/3 inches (0.8 cm). 2. The maximum diameter of the thick rope or wire rope of the net is 1/3 inches (0.8cm), and both ends of the net should be attached to or hung on the top of two net columns, which should be square columns with a side length not exceeding 6 inches (15cm) or cylinders with a diameter of 6 inches (15cm). The net post should not exceed 1 inch (2.5cm) at the top of the net rope. The midpoint of each net post shall be 3 feet (0.9 14m) away from the site, and the height of the net post shall be such that the vertical distance between the top of the net rope or wire rope and the ground is 3 feet 6 inches (1.07m). When the doubles net is hung on the singles dual-purpose court, the net should be supported by two "singles poles" with a height of 3 feet 6 inches (1.07m), and the cross sections of the poles should be square columns with a side length less than 3 inches (7.5cm) or cylinders with a diameter less than 3 inches (7.5cm). The midpoint of each single pole should be 3 feet (0.914m) away from the sideline of singles. The net needs to be completely opened in order to effectively fill the space between the two pillars and effectively open all the meshes, which should be large enough to prevent the ball from passing through the middle of the net. The height of the middle point of the net should be 3 feet (0.914m), and it should be tightened and fixed with an all-white net belt with a width not exceeding 2 inches (5cm). The net rope or wire rope at the top of the net should be wrapped with white net belt, and the width of each side is between 2 inches (5 cm) and 2.5 inches (6.35 cm). There can be no advertisements on the net, net belt and single pole. 3. The dividing line between the two ends of the court is called the bottom line, and the dividing line between the two sides is called the sideline. Draw a line parallel to the net at a distance of 2 1 ft (6.4m) from both sides of the net, which is the service line. The court formed by the net, service lines and sideline lines is divided into two equal areas by the service center line, which is a line connecting the midpoint of the two service lines and parallel to the sideline line, and the width of the line must be 2 inches (5 cm). Each baseline is divided into two equal parts by an imaginary extension line of the service center line with a length of 4 inches (10 cm) and a width of 2 inches (5 cm), with a short line between them. This short line is the "midpoint", which is connected with the baseline at right angles and drawn from the baseline to the court. Except that the maximum width of the bottom thread cannot exceed 4 inches (1 0cm), the width of all other threads should be between1inch (2cm) and 2 inches (5cm). All measurements should be based on the outer edge of the line. 4. Permanent Fixtures The permanent fixtures on the ground of a tennis court include not only the net, net posts, singles bars, net ropes, wire ropes, central belts and net belts, but also the following situations, such as baffles around the court, stands, fixed or movable chairs around the court, spectators, all supporting facilities around and above the court, and referees, tennis referees, foot-fault referees and linesmen starting from their respective predetermined positions. (ITF Note: In order to fully implement these rules, "referee" refers to the referee who sits on the referee's bench and all the staff who assist the referee in enforcing the law during the game.) If the advertisement is located behind the linesman's chair at the back of the stadium, the advertisement cannot contain white or yellow. Light colors are allowed only if they do not interfere with the player's sight. (ITF Note 1: In the tournaments hosted by Davis Cup, Confederations Cup and International Network, the specific requirements for the size of the areas behind the baseline and on both sides of the sideline are included in the relevant clauses of each project. ITF Note 2: For clubs and amateurs, the distance behind the baseline should be at least 65,438+08 feet (5.5 meters) and the distance from the sideline should be at least 65,438+08 feet (3.05 meters). [Edit this paragraph] Competition equipment rules 1. The outside of the ball used on the court should be uniformly wrapped with textile materials, the color should be white or yellow, and the seams should be seamless. The size of the ball used shall meet the requirements in Article 4 of Appendix I (the detection of the ball is stipulated in Rule 3), and the weight shall be between 2 ounces (56.7 grams) and 2 1/6 ounces (58.5 grams). When falling freely from 100 inch (254 cm) to the concrete floor, the rebound height should be between 53 inches (134.62 cm) and 58 inches (147.32 cm). When the ball is subjected to a pressure of 18 lb (8. 165 kg), the inward elastic deformation should be between 0.22 inch (0.559 cm) and 0.29 inch (0.737 cm), and the rebound deformation range after compression should be 0.3 15 inch (0.8 cm). These two kinds of deformation data should be the average of the three axes of the test ball. In each case, the difference between any two data cannot exceed 0.03 inch (0.076 cm). If you play at an altitude of 4000 feet (12 19 meters), you need to use two other special balls. The first is to make the internal pressure of the ball greater than the external pressure except that the bouncing height is between 48 inches (12 1.92 cm) and 53 inches (134.62 cm), otherwise it is exactly the same as the above description. This kind of ball is usually called a pressure ball. The bouncing height of the second kind of ball should be 53 inches (134.62 cm) and 58 inches (147.32 cm), and its internal pressure should be roughly equal to the external air pressure, and it can be maintained at the altitude of the designated competition venue for more than 60 days. Otherwise, it is exactly the same as the above description. This kind of ball is usually called zero pressure ball or no pressure ball. All tests on ball rebound, size and deformation shall comply with the provisions of Appendix 1. The International Tennis Federation will decide whether a ball or sample meets the above criteria or whether it can be approved for use in the competition. This ruling may be the initiative of the International Tennis Association itself, or it may be based on the application of all people who are really interested, including any player, equipment manufacturer or national tennis association, and their members. Such applications and rulings shall be conducted in accordance with the review and hearing procedures of the international network. (ITF Note: According to these tennis rules, all tennis balls used in matches must be listed in the official list of ITF balls published by the International Network Association. ) 2. Racquets that do not meet the following requirements shall not be used in the competition according to these rules: a. The hitting surface of the racket shall be flat, and the lines connected to the racket frame shall form a unified rule, and the lines shall be intertwined or combined at the intersection; The samples composed of strings should be generally consistent, and the density in the center should not be less than that in other areas. The design and stringing of the racket should make the front and back sides of the racket basically the same when hitting the ball. There should be no appendages or protrusions on the racquet string, unless the appendages are only used to limit and prevent the abrasion, tear or vibration of the racquet string, and their size and position must be reasonable. B The total length of the racket frame (including the handle) used in professional competitions from 1 997 65438+1October shall not exceed 27 inches (73.66 cm). From June 5438+1 October12000, the total length of the racket frame (including the racket handle) used in non-professional competitions cannot exceed 27 inches (73.66 cm). Prior to this, the maximum length of rackets used in non-professional competitions was 32 inches (8 1.28 cm). The total width of the frame shall not exceed 12 and 1/2 inches (31.75cm). The total length of threading plane should not exceed 15 and 1/2 inches (39.37 cm), and the total width should not exceed 1 1 and 1/2 inches (29.2 1 cm). C the racket frame, including the racket handle, cannot have accessories and devices, unless the accessories are only and very clearly used to limit and prevent the abrasion, cracking and vibration of the racket or adjust the weight distribution, and their size and position must be reasonable. [Edit this paragraph] Court types Tennis courts can be divided into outdoor and indoor, and have various court surfaces. This will be determined by economic factors. For example, lawn tennis is the most basic outdoor venue, but its establishment and maintenance costs are too expensive, so it is now replaced by an artificial court, which is cheaper and easier to maintain. In addition, a clay court is popular in Europe, and its French Open is such a court. Grassland Grassland is a field with the longest history and the most traditional significance. It is characterized by low friction between the ball and the ground, fast rebound speed of the ball, and very high requirements for players' response, agility, running speed and technology. Therefore, the grass is often regarded as the world of "offensive tennis", and various online offensive tactics such as serving and following the ball are almost regarded as the magic weapon to win on the grass tennis court, but it is difficult for the bottom line players to do it on the grass tennis court. However, due to the extremely high requirements for the characteristics and specifications of grass, coupled with climate restrictions and high maintenance costs, it is difficult to popularize it all over the world. At present, almost all the few lawn professional tennis tournaments are held in the British Isles every year, and the time is concentrated in June and July. Wimbledon is the oldest and most prestigious tournament. The more accurate name of clay court is "soft court", and its most typical representative is the French Open Tennis Tournament on clay court. In addition, all kinds of common sand and mud can be called soft soil foundation. This kind of stadium is characterized by high friction between the ball and the ground and slow ball speed. Players will have a lot of sliding space when running, especially when stopping and turning back, which determines that players must have better physical fitness, running and moving ability and more tenacious will quality than other courts. It is a great test for players to fight for the bottom line in this kind of venue. Players usually have to pay several times of sweat and patience to deal with their opponents at the bottom line. Winners are often not aggressive servers, but people struggling at the bottom line. Hard court Most modern games are played on the hard court, which is also the most common and common venue. Hard court is generally paved with cement and asphalt, and the surface is coated with red and green plastic. Its surface is smooth and hard, and the ball bounces regularly, but it bounces quickly. Many excellent tennis players think that hard court tennis is more explosive and hard court is dominant in tennis matches, so we should pay special attention to it. It should be noted that the hard court is not as elastic as other courses, and the surface reaction is strong and stiff, which is easy to hurt players, and this kind of injury has cost many excellent tennis players a lot. Carpet court, as its name implies, is a kind of "portable" rollable tennis court. Its surface is plastic surface, nylon woven surface, etc. Generally, special glue can be used to stick on the ground with asphalt, cement and concrete foundation with certain strength and hardness, and some can even be directly laid or stuck on any supporting ground. It is easy to roll, suitable for transportation and adaptable, and can be used indoors and outdoors or even on the roof. The speed of the ball depends on the smoothness of the field surface and the roughness of the carpet surface. In terms of maintenance, this kind of site is also very simple, as long as the ground is kept clean, undamaged and free of water (equipped with corresponding drainage facilities). [Edit this paragraph] Tennis terminology Racket Tennis Racket Love 0 (from French) Grand Slam means the most basic way to hit the ball (draw the ball) after winning the four major events of Wimbledon, US Open, French Open and Australian Open. Volley smashes the ball. A lob is a ball that the opponent cannot defend. Hanging ball forehand backhand topspin topspin backspin serve online tennis match and game xx game ends xx: xx (xx vs xx).