How did Taiwan Province Province in China come into being?

Taiwan Province Province and the mainland have a profound and long history. In ancient times, Taiwan Province Province was connected with the mainland. About millions of years ago, due to the crustal movement, part of the land sank and seawater entered, forming the Taiwan Province Strait, and Taiwan Province Island was separated from the mainland.

Most of the early residents of Taiwan Province Province immigrated directly or indirectly from Chinese mainland. 197 1 and 1974, the earliest human fossil "Zuo Zhenren" in Taiwan Province Province was discovered in Zuozhen District of Tainan City. Zuo Zhenren is related to the caveman in Zhoukoudian, Beijing. They belong to Homo sapiens in the late Paleolithic period in China. They migrated to Taiwan Province Province from the mainland via Fujian 30,000 years ago, and were the earliest pioneers in developing Taiwan Province Province. Among the early residents of Taiwan Province Province, there are a few short black people who belong to nigri Tuo and Langya people who belong to Ryukyu. The early residents of Taiwan Province Province mentioned above are the ancestors of Taiwan Province aborigines (Gaoshan people).

Taiwan Province Province in Xia and Shang Dynasties belonged to Yangzhou in Kyushu.

The recorded history of Taiwan Province Province can be traced back to 230 AD. During the Three Kingdoms period, the generals Wei Wen and Zhuge sent by Sun Quan of the King of Wu led more than 10,000 troops and more than 30 warships.

Matteo Ricci's Geographic Map of the Great World in the Ming Dynasty painted the waters near Taiwan Province Province.

The arrival of the fleet in Yizhou (present-day Taiwan Province Province) is the beginning for Chinese mainland people to use advanced cultural knowledge to develop Taiwan Province. During the Three Kingdoms period, Danyang Taishou Shen recorded in detail the production and life of Taiwan Province Province at that time, which was the earliest account of Taiwan Province Province in the world.

The exchanges between the mainland and Taiwan Province Province increased in the Sui Dynasty. Yang Di sent Zhu Kuan, Chen Ling and others to Ryukyu (now Taiwan Province Province) three times. From the 9th century to the10th century, Han people began to settle in Penghu.

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, there were a considerable number of Han people in Penghu. After the opening of the port, the Han people began to develop in Taiwan Province Province, bringing advanced production technology. /kloc-In the middle of the 0/2nd century, the Southern Song Dynasty placed Penghu under the jurisdiction of Jinjiang County (now Jinjiang County, Fujian Province) and sent troops to guard it. Contacts between the mainland and Taiwan Province Province are becoming more and more frequent.

The Yuan Dynasty further strengthened the management of Taiwan Province Province. Yuan Shizu once sent personnel to Taiwan to announce the mission, and set up the Penghu Inspection Department in Penghu, which belongs to Tongan County, Quanzhou Road, Fujian (now Xiamen, Fujian). Although Taiwan Province Island was not directly incorporated, it was the first official organizational system of the central government of China in Taiwan Province Province.

In the early Ming Dynasty, the Penghu Inspection Department was still established, but it was revoked on 1387 due to the implementation of the maritime ban, and the residents moved to Zhangzhou and Quanzhou. 1563, considering the coastal security and other factors, the penghu inspection office was re-established.

Since the Ming Dynasty, the people of the mainland and Taiwan Province Province have kept in touch. During Yongle period, Zheng He led a fleet in Taiwan Province Province. 1In the 1920s, mainland residents began to immigrate to Taiwan Province Province on a large scale in the late Ming Dynasty, which greatly promoted the social, economic and cultural development of Taiwan Province Province. At that time, Fujian people Yan Siqi and Zheng Zhilong moved to Taiwan Province Province to fight against government oppression, engaged in farming and trade, and organized armed forces to resist the Japanese pirates and the Dutch. 1628 There was a drought in southern Fujian, and the people had no livelihood. Zheng Zhilong organized tens of thousands of victims to settle in Taiwan Province Province, and many villages gradually formed in various places. Since then, Taiwan Province Province has entered a period of great development.

During the Dutch and Spanish colonial rule

With the great geographical discoveries in 15 and 16 centuries, the world entered the era of sea power, and the emerging European sea power countries expanded their power in Asia.

1624, Dutch colonists belonging to the Dutch East India Company invaded South Taiwan Province Province in order to establish a stronghold for trade with China and Japan. From 1626 to 1642, the Spanish colonists also occupied the northern part of Taiwan Province province and were expelled by the Dutch.

Chitang Building in Provintia.

Dutch colonialists occupied Taiwan Province Province for 38 years, and built two cities, Gran Castle (now Anping Castle) and Plomin Castle (now Chikanta) in Tainan City as the centers of colonial rule, recruiting residents from Fujian coastal areas and Penghu areas to move to Taiwan Province Province for reclamation, so as to increase the output of rice, sugar and other crops. Dutch colonialists enforced compulsory rule, appropriated the land for themselves, forced people to pay various taxes, plundered rice and sugar in Taiwan Province Province, and re-exported the purchased raw silk, sugar and porcelain from China to other countries through Taiwan Province Province to obtain high profits.

The rule of Dutch colonists aroused the resistance of the people in Taiwan Province Province. 1652, Guo Huaiyi led the largest armed uprising, which was finally suppressed, but it showed that there was a crisis in Dutch colonial rule. Nine years later, they cooperated with the national hero Zheng Chenggong to expel the Dutch and recover Taiwan Province Province.

Ming and Zheng dynasties

Zheng Chenggong, the son of Zheng Zhilong, was born in Hirado City, Nagasaki Prefecture, on today's 1624. [85] In his early years, he took Xiamen as the base to fight against the Qing Dynasty, and was named King Yanping by Li Yong, Emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty. After the defeat of the Battle of Nanking, he returned to Xiamen to rectify his ships and devoted himself to planning to expel the Dutch who invaded Taiwan Province Province and recover the land.

166 1 in April, Zheng Chenggong left some troops to guard Xiamen and Jinmen, led 25,000 soldiers and hundreds of warships in the name of Daming, set out from Luowan, Jinmen, and marched into Taiwan Province via Penghu.

Tainan Confucius Temple, the first institution of higher learning established by Zheng Chenggong in Taiwan Province.

On April 30, Zheng Jun landed at Lu Ermen (now Tainan), and with the active support of the people, he launched many fierce battles with the Dutch army. Finally, the Taiwan Province Chief Yi Yi of the Dutch East India Company and the remnants of the enemy were besieged in the city of Gilan. Zheng Chenggong solemnly pointed out in his "imperial edict" to Bayi: "However, Taiwan Province Province was originally from China, and China's land was also from China ... Now I have come to claim it, and the land belongs to me." [87] After nine months of siege, Taiwan Province Chief Executive Yi Gang had to sign the surrender on 1 February, 6621. At this point, the people of China recovered Taiwan Province Province, a treasure island occupied by Dutch colonists. [88-89]

After Zheng Chenggong recovered Taiwan Province Province, he changed Chikanta to Chengtianfu, set up a government and two counties, and set up another department to appease Penghu. Taiwan Province Province was called Dongdu, and later Zheng Jing was renamed Dongning. To commemorate the homeland, it was renamed Anping Town. At the same time, the policy of reclaiming farmland led tens of thousands of soldiers and their families to go to various places to reclaim land vigorously, forming a large number of villages and towns in the south and west.

Zheng Chenggong died only four months after recovering Taiwan Province Province, at the age of 39. Later, his sons Zheng Jing and Sun Zhengke ruled Taiwan Province Province for 22 years, rewarding sugar and salt production, establishing industry and commerce, developing trade, opening schools, improving indigenous agricultural production methods and promoting rapid economic and cultural development. At the end of Ming and Zheng Dynasties, the population of Taiwan approached 200,000.

Ching Dynasty

Command the Qing army to cross the sea to recover Shi Lang, Taiwan Province Province.

Main items: Taiwan Province Qing Dynasty

At the end of Ming and Zheng regime, it was in a state of military confrontation with the Qing government and gradually evolved into a local separatist regime. 1On July 8th, 683, the Qing government sent Shi Lang, the prefect of Fujian Navy, to lead more than 20,000 sailors to sail from Tongshan (now Zhangzhou, Fujian) to Penghu and Taiwan Province Province. The Qing army launched an attack on the defenders in Penghu, and Zheng was defeated. Zheng Keshuang led the people to the Qing government. At this time, Taiwan Province Province was under the direct rule of the Qing government.

1684 (twenty-third year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty), the Qing Dynasty set up Taixia Road in Taiwan Province Province and Xiamen * * * Department, set up three counties, and set up Taiwan Province Province as the government, which was called Taiwan Government. The government is located in Tainan today, which governs Taiwan County (Tainan today), Fengshan County (Kaohsiung Zuo Ying today) and Zhuluo County (Chiayi today), and belongs to Fujian Province. Taiwan Province Province has been brought back into the unified jurisdiction of the central government of China, which has closer ties with the mainland in politics, economy and culture, and has become an inseparable part of the national unity. 1727, Taixia Road was separated from Taiwan Road, and the Road Department moved to Tainan today, with four counties and two halls.

18 1 1 year, excluding the indigenous people in mountainous areas, the number of residents in Taiwan Province Province has exceeded 2.

1867 Daojiang (now Kaohsiung Port) sentry bow

00 million people, mostly immigrants from Fujian and Guangdong. [104] A large number of immigrants reclaimed wasteland, which made Taiwan Province Province a new agricultural area and provided a large amount of rice and sucrose to the mainland. Consumer goods and building materials imported from the mainland have greatly developed the economy of Taiwan Province Province. At this time, Taiwan Province Province was close to Fujian and Guangdong, and Chinese culture was introduced into Taiwan Province Province more comprehensively. [ 105- 108]

/kloc-In the middle of the 9th century, the western powers' aggression was directed at China, and China's frontier was in danger, while Taiwan Province Province's strategic position was prominent, which became the focus of military aggression by Britain, the United States, Japan, France and other powers. Since the western powers forced China to open its trading ports, Taiwan Province Province (now Anping, Tainan), Huwei (now Danshui, New North), Keelung (now Keelung) and Dagou (now Kaohsiung) successively opened ports from 65438 to 0860. [109] After the opening of Hong Kong, there were many foreign firms, and tea, sugar and camphor earned a lot of foreign exchange, which stimulated the rapid economic and social changes.

At the beginning of Meiji Restoration, Japan established the general policy of aggression, and Ryukyu (now Okinawa) and Taiwan Province Province became the first choice targets for its foreign expansion. 1In May, 874, Japan invaded Taiwan Province Province on the pretext that Ryukyu drifters were killed in Taiwan Province Province. 10/0/0, and in October, China and Japan signed the Beijing Special Treaty. Although the Qing government reached a compromise with Japan, the Beijing Special Treaty still showed that China exercised sovereignty over the whole of Taiwan Province Province. Taiwan Province Province was the first choice for Japan's foreign aggression and expansion, which sounded the alarm for the Qing government and exposed Japan's ambition to occupy Taiwan Province Province. Later, the official suggested that Taiwan Province Province be a province.

1883, France provoked a Sino-French war, which spread to the southeast coast of China. The target of aggression was Taiwan Province Province, which made Liu Mingchuan re-opened by the Qing government and sent it to Taiwan Province Province. Liu Mingchuan fought against the French army and successfully defended Taiwan Province Province.

After the Sino-French War, in order to strengthen coastal defense, the Qing government upgraded Taiwan Province Province from Fujian Province to Taiwan Province Province in 1885 (the 11th year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty), becoming the 20th province of China, and Liu Mingchuan became the first governor of Taiwan Province Province. 1887 Completed the administrative work of establishing Taiwan Province Province. There used to be three governments, eleven counties, three halls and one Zhili government, and the provincial capital was located in Qiaozitu (now Taichung) in Changhua County. 1894, the provincial capital moved to Taipei.

Liu Mingchuan actively promoted the Westernization Movement in Taiwan Province Province, cleared up land tax, increased fiscal revenue, bought ships, set up telegraph lines, set up the General Post and Telecommunications Bureau, and built railways. Buy warships, add batteries, set up machinery bureau, and build their own weapons; Set up coal bureau and install new shearer; Set up companies to promote cities and build streets and roads; Establish western learning and telegraph schools to train architectural talents. Taiwan Province Province has made great progress in modernization, and it was one of the most advanced provinces in China before Maguan cutting platform.