Deep-water immigrants

According to the "Reference News" report, in the triathlon men's team competition of the Tokyo Olympic Games held on July 26th, many athletes vomited after swimming competition.

For a time, the discussion about the water quality of the Tokyo Olympic Games became the focus on the Internet. Many media, such as Fox News Channel, New York Post and Russia Today, reported the incident with headlines and photos of triathletes vomiting after the competition.

Previously, Japanese media, including Asahi Shimbun, said that the places where open water swimming and triathlon competitions were held in Tokyo Bay smelled like toilets, smelly water inlets or did not smell like healthy water. Agence France-Presse pointed out that the water quality of Taichang Water Center in Tokyo Bay has been questioned since an iron man race on 20 19 was cancelled due to the high content of Escherichia coli.

Many netizens suspect that the reason for players' vomiting is that the water quality of the stadium is too poor, and some Japanese media think that the weather is too hot. At present, the official has not given an explanation.

What's the story of Tokyo Bay, the world-famous Bay Area?

Wen | Gu Yue One Knife

This article is reproduced from the official account of WeChat WeChat, See World Magazine (ID: ksj-worldview). The original text first appeared on April 25th, 20 19. The original title is "The Story of Tokyo Port City", which does not represent the perspective of a think tank.

1 uneven "Kaigang Road"

In the real estate field of Tokyo, there is a long chain of contempt, and each of the 23 districts has its own position. What Chiyoda has a royal temperament, Shinjuku is a mixed bag of fish and dragons, and bunkyo-ku residents are highly cultivated, etc. Each district has its own characteristics, but there will always be a "port area" shining at the top of the contempt chain.

This area, which integrates the Tokyo Tower, high-grade residences, high-grade office buildings, foreign embassies and high-end fashion frontiers, has many well-known blocks such as Roppongi, Yutaichang, Akasaka, Castle Peak and Platinum, and is called "Tokyo of Tokyo".

"Where do you live?" This is one of the favorite questions answered by port residents. Hong Kong people pretend to say the word "port area" casually, and they will get a set of exaggerated expression packs, coupled with the strength that Japanese people like to cooperate with each other, and the sound effect of "Wow, you are really rich".

Why is the port area so popular with the rich? It has to be said that the port area is backed by Tokyo Port and the whole Tokyo Bay.

As we all know, the original name of Tokyo is "Edo". The so-called Edo, literally translated, is the "river entrance" (the entrance of the river). In Japanese, "Jiang" can mean sea and lake, and "Edo" can be understood as the meaning of harbor and estuary. At that time, Edo was located on the west side of Lany estuary, which was the dividing line between Musashi and Shimonoseki. This corner of Lany is the main river that flows into Tokyo Bay today.

Before the Japanese capital moved to the capital, the richest and most active place in Edo was near the port. At that time, the social status of businessmen was not high, because of the convenience of logistics and transactions. Today, wealthy businessmen and celebrities are still willing to gather here, which is the result of the development of Tokyo Port for hundreds of years.

1456, Ota Taoist temple, the retainer of Iitani Sugiyama, began to build Edo City, and a small port named "Edo Cuo" was built at the mouth of Hirakawa River in Edo Thousand Island, which is the predecessor of Dongjing Port. After the completion of "Edo Cuo", many people bought and sold rice, fresh fish, medicinal materials and other daily necessities near the pier, which promoted the trade in this area. 16 12, the Tokugawa shogunate rebuilt the edo area and built a large pier there.

In the last years of Tokugawa shogunate, with the signing of the Treaty of Reconciliation and Trade between the United States and Japan, Yokohama Port in the east of Kanagawa Prefecture opened smoothly, rapidly developed into a raw silk trading port, commercial port, passenger port and industrial port, and became an international port in a short time. Yokohama stole the limelight of Edo for a period of time, and Edo failed to open a port.

Indeed, as far as the natural conditions for opening a port are concerned, Yokohama is superior to Tokyo. Yokohama has a deep mouth, which is naturally suitable for large ships to dock. At that time, the water level in the Edo estuary was very shallow. Thus, the impression that Yokohama is "international" and Edo is "domestic" was gradually established.

During the Meiji period, considering that the capital backed by Tokyo Bay had no port, "Tokyo Port Opening" was finally put on the agenda by the government. Preparations for Lany's estuary began, and Yuedao and Zhipu became the first man-made land in the port area.

What really made Tokyo Port quickly built was the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1932. The earthquake paralyzed land transportation for a time, and Tokyo Port, which was still in its initial development stage, suddenly became a transportation hub at that time. In order to transport materials by water, the government made every effort to open ports, dig waterways, dredge and artificially build land, and successively built three wharves, namely, at the beginning of the day, at Zhipu and at Zhi Zhu. After nine years' construction, Tokyo Port finally ushered in a new life at 194 1.

However, the good times did not last long. 194 1 year, the Japanese attacked pearl harbor and directly ignited the Pacific naval battle with the United States. After Tokyo Port was taken over by the US military, it was basically closed. Being weaned at birth, Tokyo Port is ill-fated.

During the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, Japan and the United States gradually turned into allies. After that, Japan's economy continued to take off, bringing strong logistics demand, and Tokyo Port began to make real efforts. At the end of 1960s, the revolution of container logistics swept the world's major ports. The late-developing Tokyo Port was keenly aware of this trend and took the lead in equipping the port with facilities corresponding to containers.

On the one hand, the distance between the Tokyo Business District and the port industrial zone is close, and the external parts are put on the assembly line as soon as they are delivered, and the products can be put on the shelves as soon as they are assembled, forming a virtuous cycle of production-consumption-reproduction, which also makes Japanese-made products begin to be cost-competitive in the world.

On the other hand, container transportation closely connects Tokyo Port with the American consumer market on the other side of the Pacific Ocean, and the energy supply in the Middle East is closely connected with iron ore in Australia, India and Brazil. Especially from the trans-Pacific route, Tokyo Bay has the advantage of getting the moon first than Kansai, and Tokyo Port is closer to the economic center of Japan than Yokohama Port. Therefore, there are more and more ocean-going ships entering and leaving Tokyo Port.

Since 1998, Tokyo Port has finally surpassed Yokohama Port, and the container throughput of foreign trade has reached the first place in Japan. It has a sea area of 5453 hectares, a land area of 1080 hectares, 24 domestic and foreign trade terminals, and a total of 1 15 berths. There are 4 container terminals (Dajing, Qinghai, Shinagawa and Taichang) and 0/6 container berths. Nowadays, Yokohama Port on the west bank of Tokyo Bay is often regarded as the outer port of Tokyo.

2 From Port Area to Bay Area

Standing on the Tokyo Tower overlooking, the city under the night is full of neon lights and traffic, and the houses are arranged in rows like matchboxes, which is unforgettable.

Tokyo Bay Area, which is based on Tokyo Port Area, has a water depth of 80 kilometers. It is surrounded by Fangzong Peninsula (Chiba Prefecture) and Miura Peninsula (Kanagawa Prefecture) on the east and west, and is connected with the Pacific Ocean through the narrow Puhe Waterway between the two peninsulas, and reaches Sagami Bay in the west. Surrounding cities are organically integrated, becoming a metropolitan area with the largest population and the most perfect urban infrastructure in the world.

The population of Tokyo Bay Area is as high as 4 1 10,000, accounting for13 of Japan's national population. In 20 10, the actual GDP of the bay area was 198 trillion yen, accounting for 38% of Japan's total GDP, equivalent to Italy's national GDP.

In less than 200 years, Tokyo Bay has changed from a logistics center to a top bay area in the world, which has a lot of enlightenment.

At first, the shallow water area of Tokyo Port restricted the development of logistics, so the government began to reclaim land from the sea and extended the wharf to the deep water area. With the acceleration of urbanization, the landfill in Tokyo Port is becoming more and more serious. Today, more than 90% of the land near the ocean you can set foot on in Tokyo Bay is artificial coastline, with a total reclamation area of more than 250 square kilometers.

With land, traffic should also be solved. Besides Tokyo Port and Yokohama Port, there are four ports in Tokyo Bay: Chiba Port, Kawasaki Port, Yokosuka Port and Kisarazu Port. These ports are managed by corresponding agencies in their respective regions. Will it cause vicious price competition among ports, increase unnecessary internal consumption of resources and reduce the international competitiveness of the whole Tokyo Bay?

Aware of this problem, the Port Bureau of Japan's Ministry of Transport put forward the basic concept of Tokyo Bay Harbor Plan, which organically integrates the above ports through top-level design to form a wide-area harbor to compete with other ports in the world.

The six major ports, Haneda, Narita and Tokaido Shinkansen together form a three-dimensional transportation network between Tokyo Bay in Japan and major cities in the world.

People who have been to Tokyo are often impressed by its complicated tram route map. Behind these daunting and complex routes is a complex network layout. The transportation system in Tokyo Bay area has become the object of study and research in rail transit planning in various countries.

Industry is the core competitiveness of regional economy. Tokyo develops the Keihin Industrial Zone to the southwest and the Keihin Industrial Zone to the east. The two major industrial zones, namely, Keihin and Keihin, also extend to both sides of Tokyo Bay. It is the largest industrial zone in the world, where industries such as steel, nonferrous metallurgy, oil refining, petrochemicals, machinery, electronics, automobiles, shipbuilding and modern logistics are concentrated.

This layout separates the industrial area from the large population in the main city of Tokyo. The urban areas mainly develop finance, research and development, culture, large-scale entertainment facilities and large-scale commercial facilities.

When the city smells good, the population comes.

The success of Tokyo Bay Area is also the result of the rapid development of urbanization. More precisely, the Tokyo Bay metropolitan area takes the route of "great urbanization".

An important feature of great urbanization is the huge urban population. In 20 15, among the megacities in the world, the resident population of Tokyo (Tokyo metropolitan area) ranked first has reached 38 million. In the wave of urbanization, Tokyo has merged with its neighboring counties of Kanagawa, Saitama and Chiba, forming a Tokyo metropolitan area with the largest population in the world.

1900, the population of Tokyo was1500,000, ranking only seventh in the world. Fifty years later, despite the war bombing, the population has soared to11280,000. After that, the population of Tokyo metropolitan area continued to expand, reaching 30 million in 1985. Since then, the population growth rate has slowed down, but it still reached about 38 million in 20 15.

Globalization has developed very rapidly in the past 30 years, and there are more and more foreigners in Tokyo. Due to the aging of the younger children, Japan has also become a developed country with low immigration threshold. Some came to study abroad, some came to apply for a job, some got married internationally, and some came to live in Tokyo through labor introduction.

There are more than 260 higher education institutions in the whole Tokyo Bay Area (capital circle), and the number of college students exceeds 6.5438+0.2 million. Among them, Keio University, Musashi University of Technology and Yokohama National University are well-known research universities in Keihin Industrial Zone.

Large-scale population gathering and large-scale industrial exchanges have made the whole Tokyo Bay full of vitality, but it has also brought so-called urban diseases. However, when the population of Tokyo metropolitan area reached1.200 million, people once exclaimed that big cities were terminally ill. But when its population reaches 30 million or even close to 40 million, its big city disease is not so obvious. At least, in such a densely populated Tokyo, you can't see the traffic jams that are common in other big cities.

The reason is that Tokyo has improved its management and operation ability under the condition of high-density population gathering, and the level and ability of planning, infrastructure construction and daily management are constantly improving.

Similarly, the development and construction of Tokyo Bay has also caused serious environmental pollution. After the war, the coast of Tokyo Bay became an industrial war zone. Heavy polluting enterprises such as steel, chemical industry and shipbuilding discharge wastewater into Tokyo Bay, and there are many chimneys, so that Tokyo can't see the blue sky. Large-scale land reclamation has also brought damage to the natural environment. After more than 30 years of pollution control efforts, the water in Tokyo Bay became clear, the fish swam back, the sky turned blue, and the quiet and pleasant living environment in the port area was restored.

From the dock to the port area and then to the Bay Area, from Edo to Tokyo and then to the metropolitan area, the sea port of Honshu Island on the Japanese island chain has thus become the world's leading metropolitan center.

Kushufuli